从叶绿体DNA trnL-F序列论双参属的归属问题

双参属Triplostegia Wall．ex DC．由分布于东南亚地区的2个种组成,为多年生草本植物。它的归属一直存在争议,有时置于川续断科Dipsacaceae或败酱科Valerianaceae,有时单立一科,即双参科Triplostegiaceae。本研究对广义川续断目Dipsacales s．l．的21种植物(分别来自于败酱科、川续断科、双参属、刺参属Morina、广义忍冬科Caprifoliaceae s. l．、五福花科 Adoxaceae)和外类群人参Panax schin-seng Nees．的叶绿体 DNA trnL-F区进行了测序,并建立系统发育树状图。结果显示,败酱科、川续断科、双参属、刺参属和广义忍冬科的4个属(双盾木属Dipelta、虫胃实属Kolkwitzia、六道木属Abelia和北极花属Linnaea)形成 了一个单系群并得到了很强的支持(100％ bootstrap);双参属与川续断科有更近的关系,建议作为一个亚科置于川续断科;广义忍冬科为一多系类群;而刺参属与其他广义川续断目类群之间的关系尚不能确定。     

基于叶绿体DNA atpB-rbcL区序列探讨石蒜属种间系统发育关系

摘要：为了探讨石蒜属（Lycoris Herb.）的种间系统发育关系,对石蒜属95个材料包括15种、4变种及2个人工杂种的叶绿体 DNA atpB-rbcL间隔区进行了测序,结合花部形态和核型特征,探讨了石蒜属种间系统关系及其可能的杂交起源,结果表明：在系统发育树上亲缘关系近的材料聚在一起,其中矮小石蒜（L. radiata var. pumila）和换锦花（L. sprengeri）与2个人工杂交种（Hybrid 1、Hybrid 2）、麦秆石蒜（L. straminea）、江苏石蒜（L. houdyshelii）、短蕊石蒜（L. caldwellii）和乳白石蒜（L. albiflora）具有密切的亲缘关系。atpB-rbcL序列揭示的石蒜属种间关系与染色体核型的分类结果部分一致,主要表现在具有近端部着丝粒(A)染色体的种与具有中部(M)和端部(T)着丝粒染色体的种各成一支,与形态和染色体分类结果一致;不同之处在于具有中部、端部和近端部着丝粒染色体的种分散在两个主要分支内,进一步验证了具有中部、端部和近端部3种着丝粒类型染色体组的石蒜如麦秆石蒜、江苏石蒜、短蕊石蒜和乳白石蒜等是杂交起源的假设,结合2个人工杂交种分析,揭示了短蕊石蒜和乳白石蒜的近端部着丝粒染色体来源于换锦花;麦秆石蒜和江苏石蒜近端部着丝粒染色体来源于矮小石蒜。     

基于trnL-F序列推测冰岛蓼属的系统发育

冰岛蓼属的界定一直存在争议,本实验以塔黄为外类群,采用最大简约法对冰岛蓼属及其近缘类群的trnL-F序列进行了系统发育分析,结果表明:(1) 冰岛蓼(Koenigia islandica)和大铜钱叶蓼(Polygonum forrestii)为姊妹群,自展分析的支持率为100%,因此,大铜钱叶蓼应归于冰岛蓼属;(2) 冰岛蓼和分叉蓼组植物聚在一起,自展支持率为99%,说明它们之间有很近的亲缘关系.     

河北及京津地区风毛菊属的分类研究

对河北及京津地区产风毛菊属（ＤＣ）进行了订正。共记录２３种,其中报道了４种新记录,归并了６个分类名称,纠正了２个错误记载。     

基于叶绿体trnL-F序列以及matK序列探讨虎杖属与西伯利亚蓼的系统学位置

以蓼科Polygonaceae酸模亚科Rumicoideae酸模族Rumiceae大黄属Rheum L.作外类群,对蓼亚科Polygonideae蓼族Polygoneae 4属19种1变种的trnL-F序列以及16种1变种的matK序列进行了测定(部分序列取自GenBank)和聚类分析,探讨了虎杖属Reynoutria Houtt.和两伯利亚蓼Polygonum sibiricum Laxm.的系统学位置,结果表明:(1)虎杖属在两个严格一致树中都聚到了何首乌属Fallopia Adans.的内部,trnL-F序列的支持率为99%,marK序列的支持率为100%,说明虎杖属应归入何首乌属中,所以虎杖属的R.japonica Hour.与R.sachalinense(F Schmidt ex Maxim.)Nakai应分别命名为Fallopia japonica(Houtt.)Ronse Decraene和F sachalinense(F Schmidt ex Maxim.)Ronse Decraene;(2)两个严格一致树都表明,西伯利亚蓼远离蓼属Polygonum L.,聚到了何首乌属的附近,两个序列支持率都为99%,应将该种从蓼属中移出来,提升为属级,即西伯利亚蓼属Knorringia Tzvel.,西伯利亚蓼应命名为Knorringiasibirica(Laxm.)Tzvel..另外,本文对何首乌属与西伯利亚蓼属作了界定.     

蹄盖蕨科的系统发育: 叶绿体DNA trnL-F区序列证据

蹄盖蕨科Athyriaceae是蕨类植物中一个复杂的大科,由于属间关系不甚清楚,该科分类系统还有一些问题,比如新蹄盖蕨、拟鳞毛蕨属、假冷蕨属、肠蕨属、短肠蕨属和菜蕨属的系统位置常有争议。根据蹄盖蕨科34种植物和3种外类群植物的叶绿体DNA trnL-F区序列建立了系统发育树,结果显示:1.trnL_F区序列分析的结果与rbcL基因序列分析的结果几乎一致。2.新蹄盖蕨属Neoathyrium Ching&Z.R.Wang不应成立,该属应与角蕨属Cornopteris Nakai合并。3.假冷蕨属Pseudo     

利用TrnL-F序列探讨苎麻属植物的系统发育关系

目的:探讨苎麻属植物的系统发育关系。方法:对10个种和8个变种苎麻属植物的TrnL-F序列进行PCR扩增和T/A克隆产物序列测定;选取雾水葛属的植物作为参考外类群,同样也测定其TrnL-F全序列;根据TrnL-F区碱基序列的差异计算种间的遗传距离,采用UPGMA法进行系统发育分析并得到系统发育树。结果:野线麻、福州苎麻、赤麻、悬铃叶苎麻、序叶苎麻、白面苎麻、束序苎麻、密球苎麻、疏毛水苎麻、圆叶水苎麻、灰绿水苎麻和糙叶水苎麻聚成一支;帚序苎麻、黔桂苎麻、苎麻、微绿苎麻、贴毛苎麻和青叶苎麻聚为另一支;雾水葛单独聚成一类,与苎麻属的其他种在一级分支中即分开,与其他种的亲缘关系较远。结论:帚序苎麻组和苎麻组植物具有较近的亲缘关系。     

甘肃风毛菊属植物区系地理研究及与邻近地区区系的关系

根据对风毛菊属植物野外调查,标本的收集、整理和系统鉴定,该地区风毛菊属植物共有57种1变种,隶属于4亚属,在甘肃省有2个分布丰富区:青藏高原东、北缘的甘南地区和祁连山地。分析表明,风毛菊属植物是一个北温带分布的属,可划为5个分布型和2个变型,其中以中国特有、横断山脉—喜马拉雅分布最多(分别占36%和29.5%),特有属为新特有属,说明该区系属于一个年轻的、以横断山脉—喜马拉雅分布为主的温带性质,并与青藏高原、中亚地区有密切联系;喜马拉雅、横断山区是风毛菊属植物的现代分布中心和分化中心,华北、华中地区是一个次生分布中心;菊科在古地中海地区于第三纪的早、中期得到分化与发展,其中原始的帚木菊族向西南亚迁移时分化、衍生出原始的菜蓟族的祖先种,该族在大约第三纪从起源中心向中亚干旱地区分化出风毛菊属植物,因此,该区系起源于第三纪的中亚至喜马拉雅一带;青藏高原的隆起、海浸海退,使属内种类剧烈分化,第三纪、第四纪北半球冰期、间冰期交替作用,使本区系向亚洲温暖地区迁移,并进一步发展,形成了现今的区系成分。     

横断山及邻近地区风毛菊属三个种的核形态学

对风毛菊属(Saussurea)3种植物进行了核形态学研究.昂头风毛菊(Saussurea sobarocephala)核型公式为:2n=2x=34=6m 26sm 2st;弯齿风毛菊(Saussurea puewalskii)核型公式为:2n=2x=32=12m 14sm 6st;三角叶风毛菊(Saussurea deltoidea)核型公式为:为:2n=2x=34:26m 8sm,染色体数2n:34与前人报道一致.3种植物中,除三角叶风毛菊的核型不对称性为1B型外,另两种的核型不对称性均属于3B型.它们的间期核均为复杂染色体型,前期染色体为中间型.     

桃叶珊瑚属植物的叶绿体基因组结构特征及系统发育分析

为确定桃叶珊瑚属(Aucuba)植物叶绿体基因组的结构及其序列变异,揭示其属下种间亲缘关系,该研究对桃叶珊瑚(A. chinensis)、花叶青木(A. japonica var. variegata)等6种桃叶珊瑚属植物和丝缨花属植物黄杨叶丝缨花(Garrya buxifolia)进行二代测序,利用生物信息学软件对其叶绿体基因组序列进行组装和注释,并进行基本特征分析、序列比较以及系统发育分析。结果表明:(1)桃叶珊瑚属植物叶绿体基因组具典型的环状四分体结构,6条序列全长157 891～158 325 bp,均编码114个基因,包括80个蛋白质编码基因、30个tRNA基因和4个rRNA基因。(2)6种植物叶绿体基因组高频密码子数均为29个,偏好以A/U结尾,确定了这6条序列的最优密码子共100个,包含12个共有的最优密码子。(3)6条叶绿体基因组序列共检测到270条散在重复序列,133条串联重复序列以及412个SSR位点。(4)比较基因组学分析结果表明,该属植物叶绿体基因组序列高度保守。(5)从叶绿体基因组中筛选出10个高变片段。(6)系统发育分析结果显示支持桃叶珊瑚属为一个支持率较高的单系,与丝缨花属关系较近。该研究中的5种桃叶珊瑚属植物以及1种丝缨花属植物的叶绿体基因组均为首次测序组装,揭示了桃叶珊瑚属及其属下种间的系统发育关系,为桃叶珊瑚属植物的分类鉴定和系统发育提供了参考资料。     

A preliminary investigation on the phylogeny of Saussurea (Asteraceae: Cardueae) based on chloroplast DNA trnL-F sequences

Saussurea DC., a highly diversified genus with about 400 species in the Asteraceae, has been an extremely difficult group in both taxonomical and phylogenetic studies. The monophyletic origin, infrageneric classification and systematic positions of some s     

Phylogenetic relationships in Elymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast trnL-F sequences

To estimate the phylogenetic relationship of polyploid Elymus in Triticeae, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast trnL-F sequences of 45 Elymus accessions containing various genomes were analysed with those of five Pseudoroegneria (St), two Hordeum (H), three Agropyron (P) and two Australopyrum (W) accessions. The ITS sequences revealed a close phylogenetic relationship between the polyploid Elymus and species from the other genera. The ITS and trnL-F trees indicated considerable differentiation of the StY genome species. The trnL-F sequences revealed an especially close relationship of Pseudoroegneria to all Elymus species included. Both the ITS and trnL-F trees suggested multiple origins and recurrent hybridization of Elymus species. The results suggested that: the St, H, P, and W genomes in polyploid Elymus were donated by Pseudoroegneria, Hordeum, Agropyron and Australopyrum, respectively, and the St and Y genomes may have originated from the same ancestor; Pseudoroegneria was the maternal donor of the polyploid Elymus; and some Elymus species showed multiple origin and experienced recurrent hybridization.     

A new species of Saussurea (Asteraceae) from Tibet and its systematic position based on ITS sequence analysis

A new species of Saussurea , S. erecta S. W. Liu, J. T. Pan & J. Q. Liu sp. nov. , is described from Tibet. It resembles S. kingii but may be distinguished by having distinct stems and glabrous achenes. Saussurea kingii was placed in sect. Pseudoeriocoryne of subgen. Eriocoryne ; this section was circumscribed by acaulescence and an inflorescence with congested capitula surrounded by a rosette of leaves. The discovery of S. erecta with distinct stems, cauline leaves and corymbose capitula blurred the delimitation of sect. Pseudoeriocoryne and suggested that the section may be polyphyletic. Both the close relationship and the significant difference between S. erecta and S. kingii were confirmed by analyses of nrDNA ITS sequences. The resulting phylogenies based on ITS data further suggest that Saussurea sect. Pseudoeriocoryne , as traditionally defined, does not constitute a monophyletic group. The rapid radiation and speciation of Saussurea in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, as inferred from ITS phylogeny, are discussed.  © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 147 , 349–356.     

Molecular phylogeny of Osmanthus(Oleaceae)based on non-coding chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions

The phylogenetic relationships of Osmanthus Lour.were investigated using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(ITS)regions and non-coding chloroplast regions(psbA-trnH,trnL-F).The two datasets support the conclusion that Osmanthus is polyphyletic.with some species of the subtribe Oleinae nested within Osmanthus.Osmanthus didymopetalus P S.Green is nested within the clade formed by species of section Osmanthus in two trees.Osmanthus attenuatus P.S.Green.O.Funnanensis P.S.Green,and O gracilinervis R.L.Lu of traditional section Osmanthus are clearly divergent from other accessions,and do not form a monophyletic group with other Osmanthus accessions.Osmanthus marginatus Hemsl.is embedded in the clade formed by species of section Osmanthus in the ITS tree.In cpDNA trees all species of section Osmanthus are placed in the large clade and all species of section Leiolea formed a group.The taxonomic incongruence among trees for ITS and cpDNA indicate hybridization.as introgression may have occurred among some species of sections Osmanthus and Leiolea.Phylogeny of Osmanthus is discussed in light of molecular and morphological data,and a revised infrageneric classification with three sections(Leiolea,Siphosmanthu,and Osmanthus)is presented.The section Linocieroides is abandoned and united with section Osmanthus.     

Island-like radiation of Saussurea (Asteraceae: Cardueae) triggered by uplifts of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Increasing evidence suggests that geological or climatic events in the past triggered the radiative diversification of both animals and plants on islands as well as continents. The Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) has been extensively uplifted since the Miocene, but there is little information on possible links between these events and biological diversification in this and adjacent regions. Partly to explore such links, we have examined the diversification of Saussurea (Asteraceae: Cardueae), a species-rich genus that is mostly endemic to QTP, but also occurs in arid highlands elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere. The phylogenetic analyses were conducted on the basis of the nuclear (internal transcribed spacer, ITS) and plastid ( trnL-F and psbA-trnH ) sequences from 55 species, representing 19 sections from all six subgenera of Saussurea , and species from 15 genera of the Cardueae. The results suggest that the currently circumscribed genus Saussurea ( s.l. ) is a polyphyletic group and that five sections should be excluded from the genus. Samples from the other 14 sections (representing five subgenera) clustered as a monophyletic group (here designated the Saussurea s.s. lineage, SSSL) with high statistical support. However, none of the analyses (nuclear, plastid or combined) resolved SSSL's infrageneric phylogeny, and the parallel clades of the lineage indicate that island-like adaptive radiation occurred. Furthermore, this radiation appears to have occurred 14–7 Mya, during the period of the major uplift events of QTP. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that geological events may play important roles in driving biological diversification through continental radiation.  © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2009, 97 , 893–903.     

Saussurea xinjiangensis sp. nov. (Asteraceae,Cardueae), a new species from Xinjiang,China

Saussurea xinjiangensis Y. S. Chen, a new species from Xinjiang, China, is described and illustrated. It was first found during a field expedition by the author in 2014. It belongs to S. subgen. Saussurea sect. Laguranthera because its root and caudex split fibrously and it has numerous capitula in a corymbiform synflorescence. The new species is similar to S. mucronulata in its habit, strongly fibrous rootstock and caudex, sessile linear leaves and capitula shortly pedunculated in a corymbiform synflorescence. However, it differs from S. mucronulata by its usually branched stems (versus usually simple or apically few-branched), lower leaf blade 8–12 cm long and 0.5–1.8 cm wide (versus 3–5 cm long and 0.2–0.5 cm wide), leaves abaxially sparsely arachnoid tomentose (versus densely arachnoid tomentose), phyllary white arachnoid tomentose and green to brown (versus glabrous and blackish purple).     

A reassessment of tribal affinities of Cratystylis and Haegiela (Asteraceae) based on three chloroplast DNA sequences

 The tribal affinities of Cratystylis and Haegiela were assessed using three chloroplast DNA sequences, the trnL/F spacer, the trnL intron and the matK coding region. The outgroup was represented by two species of the subfamily Barnadesioideae, whereas one to seven genera (45 species including Cratystylis and Haegiela) of the tribes of the Asteroideae [Anthemideae (6 genera), Astereae (7), Calenduleae (2), Gnaphalieae (7), Heliantheae s.l. (5), Inuleae s.str. (3), Plucheeae (3), Senecioneae (4)] and Cichorioideae, [Arctotideae (1), Cardueae (2), Lactuceae (2), Liabeae (1), Mutisieae (1) and Vernonieae (1)] comprise the ingroup. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Cratystylis has strong support as a member of the tribe Plucheeae, whereas Haegiela is a member of Gnaphalieae. At some point in their taxonomic history, both genera have been placed in these tribes and there are good morphological and chemical characters that justify these placements. The monotypic Haegiela was once included in Epaltes (Plucheeae) and this study has confirmed the need for the separation of the two genera. The genus Cratystylis appears to be monophyletic. Received August 26, 2002; accepted September 19, 2002 Published online: February 7, 2003     

Molecular phylogeny ofCheirolophus (Asteraceae:Cardueae-Centaureinae) based on ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA

The genusCheirolophus has an interesting western Mediterranean and Macaronesian distribution. Here we investigate the delimitation of the genus and its exclusion from the large genusCentaurea, the systematic position of the related genusPaleocyanus, the delimitation of some species and the phylogeny of the group. We have carried out a phylogenetic analysis of the PCR-generated sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. The results suggest that the genus, includingPaleocyanus crassifolius is monophyletic; thus, a new combination of this species underCheirolophus is proposed. The Macaronesian group of species is also monophyletic, indicating a single colonization of the archipelago. The poor resolution of microspecies in the Macaronesian group reinforces the hypothesis of a very recent differentiation of the group.     

基于叶绿体DNA trnL-F序列研究肋果沙棘的谱系地理学

由于青藏高原的地理效应,第四纪冰期气候的反复变化应对现今该地区生物的地理分布及其居群遗传结构产生重大影响。肋果沙棘Hippophae neurocarpa是青藏高原地区的一个特有种,根据叶上的附属物（星状鳞毛或者鳞片状鳞毛）分为两个亚种：肋果沙棘亚种subsp.neurocarpa和密毛肋果沙棘亚种subsp.stellatopilosa。依据母系遗传的叶绿体DNA片段对该物种谱系地理学进行研究不仅能阐明该物种冰期避难所,而且对于理解两个亚种的母系分化也具有重要意义。共对两个亚种14居群的70个个体的trnL-F序列进行了测序,共发现8种单倍型,其中5种单倍型出现在肋果沙棘亚种中,4种出现在密毛肋果沙棘亚种中,两个亚种共享一种单倍型。种内谱系分化与两个亚种形态上的分化不一致。嵌套进化分支把8种单倍型分为三支：一支为肋果沙棘亚种,其他两支中两个亚种单倍型嵌套组成,且肋果沙棘亚种处于进化末端。我们的研究结果还表明肋果沙棘在冰期可能在高海拔地区存在多个避难所,并且存在来自避难所的邻域扩张。