炭疽芽孢杆菌A16R株eag基因缺失突变株构建

【目的】构建炭疽芽孢杆菌A16R株eag基因缺失突变株, 为研究eag基因的功能奠定了基础。【方法】本研究以我国人用炭疽杆菌活疫苗A16R株中eag基因为目的缺失基因,根据炭疽芽孢杆菌Ames株基因组序列,利用软件设计了扩增上下游同源臂以及抗性基因引物,构建了重组质粒,将该重组质粒电击转入炭疽杆菌A16R感受态细胞中,利用同源重组原理筛选到炭疽杆菌A16R株eag基因缺失突变株。在分子水平及蛋白质组学方面对基因缺失突变株进行验证。【结果】成功构建了重组质粒,经同源重组后获得eag基因缺失突变株。PCR鉴定表明目的基因已经丢失;SDS PAGE表明野生株与突变株在93 KDa处有差异蛋白条带,经质谱鉴定分析该条带为目的基因所表达的EA1蛋白;双向电泳结果显示突变株与野生株比较明显缺失3个蛋白点,经质谱分析后确定这3个点都是EA1蛋白。【结论】成功获得炭疽芽孢杆菌A16R株eag基因缺失突变株,为深入研究eag基因的功能奠定了基础,同时也为炭疽芽孢杆菌重要基因功能的研究建立了一个良好的技术平台。     

炭疽芽孢杆菌FtsE蛋白酵母双杂交载体的构建与表达

目的:构建炭疽芽孢杆菌FtsE蛋白酵母双杂交载体,以寻找与之有相互作用的蛋白。方法:通过PCR从炭疽芽孢杆菌中扩增得到FtsE蛋白的基因,将其片段克隆到穿梭质粒pGBKT7载体中,测序验证正确后转化酵母AH109株表达FtsE蛋白。结果与结论:重组载体构建正确,转化酵母细胞后表达成功,为下一步筛选与之有相互作用的蛋白奠定了基础。     

炭疽芽孢杆菌EA1蛋白的融合表达和纯化

目的：原核表达重组炭疽芽孢杆菌EA1蛋白。方法：用PCR方法从炭疽芽孢杆菌A16R疫苗株染色体中扩增编码EA1蛋白的eag基因序列,经过纯化、酶切后克隆到含有GST标签的原核表达载体pGEX-6P-2中,构建重组载体pGEX-EA1;将空载体（作为对照）、重组载体转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）菌株获得表达工程菌株,对其表达和纯化条件进行优化;利用Western印迹检测融合蛋白的表达。结果：构建了EA1蛋白的融合表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达;经Glutathione Sepharose 4B纯化获得了EA1蛋白;Western印迹表明,此蛋白可与GST标签抗体反应。结论：在原核表达系统中表达并纯化得到EA1融合蛋白,为进一步对其进行功能研究奠定了基础。     

耐碱性木聚糖酶基因在巨大芽孢杆菌中的表达及其酶学性质

摘要：【目的】从耐碱性木聚糖酶高产短小芽孢杆菌中克隆得到带有自身启动子的木聚糖酶基因,将其在巨大芽孢杆菌中进行表达,并对表达产物进行性质分析。【方法】将克隆得到的木聚糖酶基因xynA以及带有自身启动子序列的结构基因, 构建在芽孢杆菌表达载体pWH1520和改造后的载体pWG03中,得到重组质粒pWTEJX和pWGXYN,分别转化到巨大芽孢杆菌BM70中,获得重组巨大芽孢杆菌BMJXH9和BMGpp12;经过诱导产酶培养,均得到分泌表达。【结论】重组巨大芽孢杆菌BMGpp12比BMJXH9产酶活力提高了三倍     

炭疽杆菌芽孢外壁胶原样蛋白(BclA)的多态性分析*

炭疽杆菌芽孢外壁胶原样蛋白(Bc lA)是芽孢外壁发状菌丝的主要结构成分,也是芽孢的主要免疫原。从国内分离的3株炭疽杆菌中克隆出Bc lA基因并进行了序列分析,结果发现有2株(A16R和40048)的Bc lA与国外报道菌株长度不同,分别含有388个和322个氨基酸,72个和50个GXX三氨基酸重复序列,5个和3个含21个氨基酸的(GPT)5GDTGTT重复序列(Bc lA重复)。另一株40022的Bc lA与国外报道的53169株完全一致,含有370个氨基酸,66个GXX重复,5个Bc lA重复。对我国     

绿色荧光蛋白基因原核表达载体的构建及其在昆虫肠道短短芽孢杆菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌中的表达

【目的】构建带有苏云金芽孢杆菌cry3a基因非芽孢依赖启动子和绿色荧光蛋白基因gfp(Green Fluorescent Protein)的原核表达载体,并转化从桑粒肩天牛幼虫肠道分离的两株常驻细菌短短芽孢杆菌CQUBb和苏云金芽孢杆菌CQUBt,以检测cry3a启动子在昆虫肠道常驻菌中的启动子活性,获得GFP标记菌株,为常驻菌在昆虫幼虫肠道中的定殖情况和杀虫工程菌的构建奠定基础。【方法】采用重叠延伸PCR将cry3a基因启动子和gfp基因进行融合,并与pHT304载体连接构建重组质粒pHT3AG,获得的重组质粒以电脉冲转化肠道常驻菌短短芽孢杆菌CQUBb和苏云金芽孢杆菌CQUBt,于可见光和荧光显微镜下观察荧光并通过SDS-PAGE分析重组菌株的蛋白表达情况,然后对重组菌株进行生长动力学分析和稳定性测试。【结果】重组菌在营养期大量组成型表达GFP,经电泳分离在凝胶上出现约29kDa的特异蛋白条带;重组菌生长曲线与出发菌没有显著差异,说明外源质粒未对宿主菌的生长带来明显不利影响;抗性条件下传代30次后两菌株外源质粒稳定性仍可达95%、67%;两个菌株比较,CQUBb比CQUBt质粒转化率高、重组菌GFP表达时间长、表达量大,并且重组菌株稳定性好。【结论】成功地将cry3a基因核心启动子和gfp基因转入桑粒肩天牛幼虫肠道常驻菌,实现了该启动子在Bt之外的菌株中发挥作用,构建了两个GFP标记菌株;重组基因工程菌株表达量大,稳定性好,可以用作昆虫肠道内微生态研究和芽孢杆菌表达系统以及杀虫菌株的构建。     

不同培养条件对胶质芽孢杆菌诱导碳酸钙晶体形成的影响

【目的】研究不同培养条件对胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)菌体形态、数量和分泌的碳酸酐酶(CA酶)活性的影响,以及不同方式培养的菌体与碳酸钙晶体的生长及其形貌、数量之间的联系。【方法】分别采用无氮和有氮培养基培养胶质芽孢杆菌,进行菌体形态、数量及CA酶活性的比较,收集不同培养方式的菌体加入碳酸钙结晶体系中以研究细菌与碳酸钙晶体形成的联系。【结果】在无氮培养条件下,胶质芽孢杆菌数量少、荚膜肥厚,细菌培养液CA酶活力较低;有氮培养条件下,菌体数量多、荚膜单薄,细菌培养液CA酶活力较高。在碳酸钙结晶体系中加入无氮培养的菌体,生成的碳酸钙晶体表面光滑,体积较大但数量较小,加入有氮条件下培养的菌体形成的碳酸钙晶体表面粗糙,数量大但体积较小。【结论】不同培养条件能够引起胶质芽孢杆菌菌体数量、荚膜多糖及CA酶活的明显差异,进而对碳酸钙晶体的生成和形貌产生影响。     

外源蛋白在芽孢杆菌中分泌表达的研究进展

芽孢杆菌是很有潜力的分泌型基因工程宿主菌。本文概述了利用芽孢杆菌分泌表达外源基因时,影响目的蛋白产率的一些主要因素,如蛋白酶水解作用、缺乏适宜的分子伴侣、信号肽的选择不当等,并讨论了相应的解决对策。     

炭疽芽胞杆菌BslA(260－652)蛋白的表达纯化与黏附功能鉴定

【目的】克隆表达炭疽芽胞杆菌BlsA的功能区片段并对其生物学功能进行鉴定。【方法】以炭疽芽胞杆菌A16R基因组DNA为模板PCR扩增bslA(260-652)基因片段,克隆至pET-28a(+)载体。将成功构建的重组质粒转化入大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中,诱导表达后收集菌体经超声破碎后,对可溶表达部分用镍柱进行亲和层析纯化。以纯化后的蛋白为抗原,免疫BALB/c小鼠制备该蛋白的多抗,用ELISA和Western blot检测抗血清;使用间接免疫荧光实验和细菌黏附实验研究目标蛋白及其抗体的生物学功能。【结果】BslA(260-652)获得了可溶性表达,纯化后纯度约为87.4%。以纯化蛋白为抗原,免疫BALB/c小鼠制备的抗血清ELISA效价可达1∶20000。将BslA(260-652)蛋白与Hela细胞共孵育后,能够直接和Hela的细胞膜结合。细菌黏附实验表明BslA(260-652)蛋白及其相应的多抗血清都能够显著地抑制炭疽芽胞杆菌A16R对Hela细胞的黏附。【结论】大肠杆菌表达得到的炭疽芽胞杆菌BslA(260-652)蛋白具有与天然蛋白相似的生物活性,为深入研究BslA蛋白在炭疽芽胞杆菌致病过程中的作用奠定实验基础。     

地衣芽孢杆菌MY75菌株几丁质酶基因的异源表达及特性

【目的】地衣芽孢杆菌MY75菌株的几丁质酶基因的异源表达,并对表达蛋白的特性进行研究。【方法】制备MY75菌株培养上清粗蛋白,利用酶谱分析确定具有几丁质酶活的蛋白分子量。将该蛋白进行飞行时间质谱分析,确定其部分氨基酸序列,设计PCR引物对MY75菌株的几丁质酶基因进行克隆及异源表达。对表达蛋白的最适反应温度及pH,温度耐受性及金属离子对酶活力的影响等特性进行了研究,并测定了表达蛋白对真菌孢子萌发的抑制活性和对甜菜夜蛾幼虫的杀虫增效作用。【结果】酶谱分析证明MY75菌株培养上清液中仅含有一种55kDa的几丁质酶。将该编码基因chiMY克隆及序列分析后发现,基因长度为1797bp,编码599个氨基酸。在大肠杆菌中异源表达的几丁质酶ChiMY蛋白的分子量为67kDa。质谱分析证明,55kDa蛋白与67kDa蛋白序列相同。ChiMY最适pH和最适温度分别为7.0和50°C,为中性几丁质酶。Li+,Na+,和Mg2+离子对表达蛋白的酶活力具有促进作用,Mn2+,Cr3+,Zn2+和Ag+离子则能显著抑制酶活力,Cu2+和Fe3+离子完全抑制酶活性。生物测定的结果显示,异源表达的MY75几丁质酶能够抑制小麦赤霉及黑曲霉的孢子萌发,并且对苏云金芽孢杆菌的杀虫活力具有增效作用。【结论】地衣芽孢杆菌MY75菌株中仅有一种55kDa几丁质酶,其编码基因能够在大肠杆菌中大量表达,表达蛋白分子量与野生型蛋白之间有显著差异,由此证明MY75菌株中存在着几丁质酶的剪切加工过程。明确了地衣芽孢杆菌几丁质酶ChiMY具有抑制真菌活性及杀虫增效作用。上述全部研究结论在国内首次报道。     

Differential analysis of Bacillus anthracis after pX01 plasmid curing and comprehensive data on Bacillus anthracis infection in macrophages and glial cells

Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive bacterial organism responsible for anthrax. This organism has two pathogenic plasmids: pX01 and pX02. The genetic function of pX01, which comprises about 198 kb, is not known, except for a region called the pathogenic island, which contains three genes-pag, lef, and cya-that code for three toxic proteins. A 2-D difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) system was used to verify the existence of proteins controlled by the pX01 plasmid, and protein regulation data were obtained using DeCyder software. A total of 1728 proteins were identified in the wild-type strain of this organism and 1684 in the pX01 plasmid. Twenty-seven of these proteins disappeared and eight appeared when the pX01 plasmid was removed. An additional 52 proteins were downregulated and 15 were upregulated when this plasmid was removed. A total of 102 proteins have been identified using the MALDI-TOF method of analysis, including 49 whose functions are unknown. Among these, 31 participate in metabolic processes, two in cellular processes, 15 in the processing of genetic information, and five in the processing of extracellular information. Another seven proteins participate in bacterial virulence and pathogenesis. We investigated the functions of these proteins in other bacteria, particularly the B. anthracis derivative H9041. Bacterial growth differed between pX01+/pX02+ B. anthracis and its pX01-/pX02+ derivative as did the cytotoxicity of macrophages infected by pX01+/pX02+ B. anthracis and the pX01-pX02+ derivative. We also found that S100B protein levels increased in the host infected with pX01+/pX02+ B. anthracis or its pX01-/pX02+ derivative. These data suggest that the pX01 plasmid plays a key role in the regulation of protein functions in B. anthracis.     

Multiple asparagine deamidation of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen causes charge isoforms whose complexity correlates with reduced biological activity

Protective antigen is essential for the pathology of Bacillus anthracis and is the proposed immunogen for an improved human anthrax vaccine. Known since discovery to comprise differentially charged isoforms, the cause of heterogeneity has eluded specific structural definition until now. Recombinant protective antigen (rPA) contains similar isoforms that appear early in fermentation and are mostly removed through purification. By liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry sequencing of the entire protein and inspection of spectral data for amino acid modifications, pharmaceutical rPA contained measurable deamidation at seven of its 68 asparagine residues. A direct association between isoform complexity and percent deamidation was observed such that each decreased with purity and increased with protein aging. Position N537 consistently showed the highest level of modification, although its predicted rate of deamidation ranked 10th by theoretical calculation, and other asparagines of higher predicted rates were observed to be unmodified. rPA with more isoforms and greater deamidation displayed lower activities for furin cleavage, heptamerization, and holotoxin formation. Lethal factor-mediated macrophage toxicity correlated inversely with deamidation at residues N466 and N408. The described method measures deamidation without employing theoretical isotopic distributions, comparison between differentially treated samples or computational predictions of reactivity rates, and is broadly applicable to the characterization of other deamidated proteins.     

Arginine deficiency in preconfluent intestinal Caco-2 cells modulates expression of proteins involved in proliferation, apoptosis, and heat shock response

Arginine is classified as a conditionally essential amino acid required exogenously during catabolic disease states and periods of rapid growth, both characterized by increased arginine utilization. Arginine plays an important role in the intestine, where it is extensively metabolized, and enhances its immune-supportive function and mucosal repair. Cell proliferation is important for the latter process. This study aimed for a better molecular insight in the response to arginine deprivation/supplementation of preconfluent and 5-day-confluent, differentiated Caco-2 intestinal cells. The potential of citrulline to counteract the effects of arginine deprivation was investigated in preconfluent cells. 2-DE combined with MALDI-TOF-MS and the antibody microarray technology were applied. Evidence is provided that arginine deficiency modulates the protein expression profiles of preconfluent Caco-2 cells differently than that of postconfluent differentiated cells. In preconfluent cells, certain proteins changed in direct response to arginine deficiency, whereas other proteins did not, but instead responded during the recovery phase after an arginine/citrulline resupplementation. The protein changes suggest that arginine deprivation decreases cell proliferation and heat shock protein expression, and enhances the cells susceptibility to apoptosis. These processes are critical for proper cell function, and hence a state of arginine deficiency can be detrimental for intestinal cells which proliferate actively in vivo.