海南鳽部分血液生理生化指标

应用血球分析仪和全自动生化分析仪测定了海南鳽的7项血液生理指标和33项血清生化指标.结果显示:海南鳽像兀鹫一样具有大型的红细胞,与已报道的白鹭、池鹭、夜鹭、彩鹳、石鸡等几种鸟类相比,其平均红细胞体积(MCV)和平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)较高,红细胞计数(RBC)、红细胞压积(HCT)和血红蛋白浓度(HGB)均较低;尿素(Urea)含量较高.有关红细胞的生理指标揭示了海南鳽的血液携氧能力较低.生化指标与其他鸟类的差异可能是由物种不同所致.     

Parental care in captive red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus)

Parental behavior in ten pairs of male and female red-backed voles, Clethrionomus rutilus, was studied under laboratory conditions. Significant sex differences were found in total time spent in the nest, time spent by adults alone in the nest, grooming time, and nest-building activity; in half of the males under study, the level of paternal care was extremely low. These findings indicate different paternal contributions of female and male red-backed voles into the rearing of young, in agreement with the spatial-ethological structure of populations of this species. Parental behavior of C. rutilus is discussed in comparison with that of other species of the subfamily Microtinae.     

Circadian organization of a subarctic rodent, the northern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus)

Arctic and subarctic environments are exposed to extreme light: dark (LD) regimes, including periods of constant light (LL) and constant dark (DD) and large daily changes in day length, but very little is known about circadian rhythms of mammals at high latitudes. The authors investigated the circadian rhythms of a subarctic population of northern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys rutilus). Both wild-caught and third-generation laboratory-bred animals showed predominantly nocturnal patterns of wheel running when exposed to a 16:8 LD cycle. In LL and DD conditions, animals displayed large phenotypic variation in circadian rhythms. Compared to wheel-running rhythms under a 16:8 LD cycle, the robustness of circadian activity rhythms decreased among all animals tested in LL and DD (i.e., decreased chi-squared periodogram waveform amplitude). A large segment of the population became noncircadian (60% in DD, 72% in LL) within 8 weeks of exposure to constant lighting conditions, of which the majority became ultradian, with a few individuals becoming arrhythmic, indicating highly labile circadian organization. Wild-caught and laboratory-bred animals that remained circadian in wheel running displayed free-running periods between 23.3 and 24.8 h. A phase-response curve to light pulses in DD showed significant phase delays at circadian times 12 and 15, indicating the capacity to entrain to rapidly changing day lengths at high latitudes. Whether this phenotypic variation in circadian organization, with circadian, ultradian, and arrhythmic wheel-running activity patterns in constant lighting conditions, is a novel adaptation to life in the arctic remains to be elucidated.     

Participation of apoptotic proteins in hypothalamic regulation of the population volume of the red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus)

The content of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and of the proapoptotic enzyme caspase-3 in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of sexually immature red-backed voles is studied in the course of the population cycle. The significant change of the Bcl-2 and procaspase-3 in the PVN neurons is established at all cycle phases. The low volume of population (under the most favorable conditions of the existence of the animals) is revealed to be characterized by the moderately increased or high expression of the Bcl-2 protein alongside with low or moderately increased caspase-3 activity. This is suggested to provide the PVN adequate reaction at the low population volume. At high population volume (under conditions of increased stress in the overcrowded population at the phase of peak and especially of fall), a significant decrease of the Bcl-2 expression is established with simultaneous increase of the caspase-3 activity. The disbalance in synthesis of apoptotic proteins seems to lead to disturbances of PVN functions at phases of peak and fall and, as a consequence, to a decrease of adaptive possibilities of these animals, which might be one of important causes of essential elimination of the animals at the autumn-winter period.     

Analysis of Some Physiological and Biochemical Indices in Patients with Covid-19 Pneumonia Using Mathematical Methods

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology - The aim of the work was to conduct a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of patients with pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and...     

林麝血液生理生化指标研究

以健康雄麝、健康雌麝和患化脓病林麝各10头为研究对象,比较它们之间的血液生理生化指标差异。结果表明:(1)健康雄麝和健康雌麝的甘油三酯、极低密度脂蛋白存在显著差异(P<0.05)。雄麝的甘油三酯为0.32mmol/L,极低密度脂蛋白为0.14mmol/L;雌麝的为0.47mmol/L,0.21mmol/L;其他生理生化指标无显著差异。(2)健康林麝与患化脓病林麝的白细胞、淋巴细胞百分比、嗜中性粒细胞百分比存在极显著差异(P<0.01);健康林麝的白细胞数量为29.08×109个/L、淋巴细胞百分比为62.01%、嗜中性粒细胞百分比为34.05%;患化脓病林麝的为104.67×109个/L、50.87%、45.37%。健康林麝与患化脓病林麝之间白蛋白、球蛋白、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、乳酸脱氢酶、总胆固醇、肌酐、血糖存在显著差异(P<0.05),健康林麝的白蛋白为44.44g/L、球蛋白为33.6g/L、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶为316.43U/L、乳酸脱氢酶为700.68U/L、总胆固醇为2.14mmol/L、肌酐为108.47μmol/L、血糖为7.29mmol/L;患化脓病林麝的为37.23g/L、47.45g/L、478U/L、840.75U/L、1.16mmol/L、85.52μmmol/L、5.04mmol/L。这些结果为养殖林麝化脓病的诊断提供了参考数据。     

健康育成黑熊血液生理生化指标的测定

测定了30头(雌雄各半)健康育成黑熊的血液生理生化指标,结果显示:(1)雌性黑熊和雄性黑熊的淋巴细胞数、红细胞平均体积、平均血红蛋白含量存在极显著差异(P＜0.01);雌性黑熊的淋巴细胞数为2.99×109个/L、红细胞平均体积为62.27fL、平均血红蛋白量为23.29 pg,雄性黑熊的为1.84×109个/L、65.51 fL、24.34 pg,其余10项血液生理指标无显著差异.(2)雌性黑熊和雄性黑熊的球蛋白、白蛋白与球蛋白比值存在极显著差异(P＜0.01),雌性黑熊的球蛋白为32.91 g/L、白蛋白与球蛋白比值为1.32,雄性黑熊的为37.07 g/L、1.15,雌性黑熊和雄性黑熊的总蛋白、碱性磷酸酶存在显著差异(P＜0.05),雌性黑熊的总蛋白为75.99 g/L、碱性磷酸酶为106.86 U/L,雄性黑熊的为79.27g/L、54.33 U/L,其余9项血液生化指标无显著差异.这些结果为黑熊的保护与疾病防治积累了资料.     

Transfer of mitochondrial DNA from the northern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus) to the bank vole (C. glareolus)

Summary Using a silver staining method to detect DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes, it was possible to compare mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) from 85 individuals of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) trapped at 25 localities in Fennoscandia. There are two distinctly different mtDNA lineages, one occurring in southern and central Fennoscandia and the other in the northern parts. A fragment comparison method shows about 12.7% nucleotide sequence divergence between these two lineages. This major difference between animals of the same species could theoretically be explained by intraspecific lineage survivorship independent of species hybridization, or by introduction of an atypical mtDNA via hybridization with a closely related species. Analysis of mtDNAs from the two otherClethrionomys species present in Fennoscandia (C. rutilus andC. rufocanus) shows that the mtDNA of northernC. glareolus is very similar to that ofC. rutilus and that the mtDNA lineages of these two species cluster together in a phenogram, with small genetic distances among them. By contrast, electrophoresis of proteins encoded by 17 nuclear loci reveals fixed allelic differences between these two species at 8 loci. Hence the presence of two distinctly different mtDNA lineages withinC. glareolus may be a consequence of a limited episode of hybridization betweenC. glareolus andC. rutilus, probably during the postglacial recolonization of Fennoscandia 8000–13,000 years ago.     

Gene-Geographic Variation and Genetic Differentiation in Red-Backed Voles of the Genus Clethrionomys (Rodentia,Cricetidae) from the Region of the Sea of Okhotsk

Thirteen enzyme systems and three nonenzyme proteins were electrophoretically analyzed in red-backed voles of the genus Clethrionomys. In total, 25 loci were interpreted. Gene-geographic variation was studied and indices of genetic variability and differentiation were determined. By the distribution of electrophoretic variants of hemoglobin, C. rutilus was shown to be divided into two geographical groups (northern and southern). A low level of genetic differentiation was revealed in the island isolates of C. rutilus and C. rufocanus. Separation of C. rufocanus, C. rex, and C. sicotanensisinto a superspecies complex was confirmed. A study of differential G- and C-banding on C. rutilus andC. rufocanus chromosomes did not reveal intraspecific variation of autosomes. In these species, karyotypes of voles from Kamchatka Peninsula were studied for the first time. They appeared to be morphologically similar to the karyotypes continental voles by both autosomes and sex chromosomes.     

Genetic Distinctiveness of the Korean Red-Backed Vole (Myodes regulus) from Korea, Revealed by Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene Sequences

To examine the taxonomic status of the Korean red-backed vole (Myodes regulus), the full cytochrome b sequences of 21 red-backed voles from Korea and northeast China were compared with the corresponding haplotypes from 12 species of Myodes and Eothenomys from GenBank. We identified five red-backed voles from Mount Changbai and Harbin as Myodes rufocanus and three from Harbin as M. rutilus, and we confirmed that the red-backed voles from Korea are M. regulus and not Eothenomys regulus. We found that M. regulus from Korea differed from the other five species of Myodes and that the interspecific distances between M. regulus and each of the two species from northeast China were 4.55% (M. rufocanus) and 11.1% (M. rutilus). We concluded that M. regulus is also genetically distinct and is an endemic species of Korea.     

库拉索芦荟几项生理生化参数的测定

对库拉索芦荟几项生理生化参数进行了测定。结果表明,库拉索芦荟植株不同叶位过氧化物酶(POD)活性交化呈直线递增．其中以7—9＞4—6＞1—3;不同产地植株花粉活性酶类含量差异程度以Ⅱ(1679．76)＞Ⅰ(1602．84)＞Ⅰ(1557．26),组分量位差异显著(S,P＜0．01),AST＞＞ALT＞GPT＞B——HBDH＞LDH;花器不同部位4种化学元素含量差异悬殊,以K(34．84)＞Na(31．08)＞P(6．35)＞Ca(0．007);不同产地植株芦荟总甙层析图谱,斑(点)色变化明显,这与生境不同相关。     

大(鵟)和长耳鸮的部分血液生理生化指标及血细胞的显微结构观察

为了解大(鵟)(Buteo hemilasius)、长耳鸮(Asio otus)的血象、血液生理生化参数正常值及血细胞的形态特征,为其健康检测和保护提供参考资料,采用纽巴氏法、沙利氏比色法、离心法、瑞士染色等方法检测了大鵟和长耳鸮的血象,利用全自动血液生物化学分析仪测定了两种鸟的19项血液生化指标,利用生物显微技术对其血细胞进行观察.结果表明:大鵟的红细胞数量、红细胞压积、红细胞分布宽度、血红蛋白含量、平均血红蛋白浓度、嗜酸性粒细胞数量、淋巴细胞数量、白细胞数量及凝血细胞数量均高于长耳鹗,而其他指标均低于长耳鸮;其中,红细胞平均体积在两种鸟类间存在极显著性差异(P＜0.01),其他均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).在生理生化检测中,大(鵟)的谷草转氨酶、总蛋白含量、白蛋白含量、球蛋白含量、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和葡萄糖含量均高于长耳鸮,且大(鵟)的无机离子中的钠和氯离子浓度也高于长耳鸮,而其他指标均低于长耳鸮,其中谷丙转氨酶和肌酐具有极显著性差异(P＜0.01),尿酸和葡萄糖具有显著性差异(P＜0.05),其他指标均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).大(鵟)和长耳鸮的血细胞形态相似.种属不同及生活习性的差异可能是导致这两种鸟类血液生理常值差别及显微结构差异的主要原因,而采样时的机体状况、营养状况及测试操作方法也有一定的影响.     

Radiation dose rates estimation and allozyme variability in the population of the northern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus) from the East-Ural Radioactive Trace

The paper estimates the external (due to radionuclides accumulated in the soil) and internal (due to incorporated radionuclides) exposure of rodents that live in the head of the East Urals Radioactive Trace (EURT). It is shown that in the last decades the dose rates were lower than the values that lead to a doubling the number of mutations in the allozyme loci in mammals. The variability of the eight allozyme loci in populations of northern red-backed voles from the EURT zone and their neighboring plots, as well as the territories of the Urals and Trans-Urals with background levels of radioactive contamination, are analyzed. No differences in the pattern and frequency of allozymes that would distinguish the EURT samples from a number of other populations of the Urals, were found. In the control sample “Sysert’,” “unique” for the Ural populations of northern red-backed voles, alleles of the loci Got and Sod were marked, conspecific to a closely related species-the bank vole. This fact can be regarded as evidence of recent cross-species hybridization.     

化橘红生理落果与若干生理生化指标的关系

通过测定正常果与脱落果若干生理生化指标的变化,探讨化橘红生理落果的机理.结果显示,N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量正常果一致地高于脱落果;脱落果总糖含量呈下降趋势,正常果则先升后降;果实中生长促进类内源激素(GA3、IAA、ZT)含量正常果显著高于脱落果,而ABA/(GA3 LAA ZT)值则是脱落果显著地高于正常果;三类水解酶活性均为脱落果显著高于正常果.说明化橘红果实的脱落与果实内部的矿质元素、总糖、内源激素含量和水解酶活性密切相关.     

Sexual maturation and age-related dynamics of corticosterone in Clethrionomys rutilus and Cl. rufocanus voles (Rodentia, Cricetidae) under experimental conditions

Differences in the mechanisms regulating reproduction between the northern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus) and large-toothed red-backed vole (Cl. rufocanus) have been revealed under vivarium conditions. In Cl. rufocanus, the date of birth is the most important ??signal?? factor for sexual maturation of male young of the year, while the effect of population density is significant only for males of the spring generation. Males of the summer generation fail to mature in the same year and are completely excluded from reproduction, which may be accounted for by a rise in the level of corticosterone (measured in fecal samples). Such a mechanism for regulating the numbers of reproductive individuals is absent in Cl. rutilus voles. Throughout the breeding season, males of this species respond to high population density by a decrease in the rate of sexual maturation. No definite relationship between sexual maturation and the level of adrenocortical activity has been revealed in Cl. rutilus.     

Hypothalamo-pituitary neurosecretory system of the Northern redbacked vole Clethrionomys rutilus in the course of population cycle

Hypothalamo-pituitary neurosecretory system (HPNS) of the Northern redbacked vole, Clethrionomys rutilus was studied at different stages of the population cycle using paraldehyde-fuchsin staining and immunohistochemical revealing of vasopressin and oxytocin. We found at the stages of high voles number (peak and recession), an increase of vasopressin synthesis in the neurosecretory cells (NSC) of paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei, as well as its active transport and release to the portal capillaries of the outer zone of median eminence (ME). At the stages of low voles number (depression and growth) was demonstrated that level of oxytocin synthesis in the NSC of SON was high and moderate in the NSC of PVN, which was accompanied by an extensive release of oxytocin to capillaries of the posterior pituitary (PP). Increased supply of vasopressin to portal blood flow of the vole pituitary in conditions of overpopulation is suggested to have highly stimulating influence on adrenocorticotropic function of pituitary, which negatively affects the reproductive function of the voles and leads to a decrease of their number. At the stages of low number of population in conditions favoring the life of the voles, the increased supply of oxytocin to the systemic blood flow stimulates the reproductive behavior of the voles, which results in rise of their population during this period.