Notchl信号蛋白在卵巢癌细胞系中的表达

目的：检测卵巢癌细胞系中Notchl信号蛋白的表达,为在卵巢癌细胞中对Notchl进行RNA干涉研究的体外实验筛选靶细胞。方法：采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法及Westernblotting对卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3、HO-8910、HO-8910-PM和3AO中Notchl进行检测。结果：Notchl信号蛋白在4种卵巢癌细胞系中均有表达,其在HO-8910-PM中表现为高表达,在SKOV3和3AO中表现为中等表达,在HO-8910中表现为低表达。结论：HO-8910-PM适合作为靶细胞,进行Notchl信号蛋白的RNA干涉研究。     

Notch1信号蛋白在卵巢癌细胞系中的表达

目的:检测卵巢癌细胞系中Notch1信号蛋白的表达,为在卵巢癌细胞中对Notchl进行RNA干涉研究的体外实验筛选靶细胞.方法:采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法及Western blotting对卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3、HO-8910、HO-8910-PM和3AO中Notch1进行检测.结果:Notch1信号蛋白在4种卵巢癌细胞系中均有表达,其在HO-8910-PM中表现为高表达,在SKOV3和3AO中表现为中等表达,在HO-8910中表现为低表达.结论:HO-8910-PM适合作为靶细胞,进行Notch1信号蛋白的RNA干涉研究.     

FT-IR光谱在电离辐射作用于微生物研究中的应用

傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR)是一种很有用的生物分析检测技术,通过FT-IR光谱技术可以得到有关蛋白质、脂类、核酸和多糖等微生物和细胞各类组成成分的信息。基于同步辐射光源的显微FT-IR光谱具有更高的空间分辨率和更快的测量速度,因而在生物学研究中具有进行快速、实时、动态和无损检测等优势。本文介绍了FT-IR光谱技术在微生物及电离辐射作用于微生物引起的生物学效应研究中的应用,并对该领域未来研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于谱域光学相干层析系统中光谱涨落的指纹获取

指纹因其特异性和稳定性等特点而被称为"证据之首",在案件侦破中起着极其重要的作用。多种物理学、化学和光学技术都可以用于获取现场遗留的指纹,然而这些方法存在一些缺点,如会对指纹造成破坏、潜在的毒副作用、在现场留有痕迹等。利用谱域光学相干层析(spectral domain optical coherence tomography,简记为SD-OCT)技术进行指纹探测具有非接触、对指纹无损伤和高灵敏度的优势,利用OCT系统的相位敏感性我们可以在低对比条件下再现遗留在物体表面的指纹,但处理结果受指纹所在表面高低起伏影响,使得指纹信息对比度降低,难以被分离和提取。本文提出了一种基于干涉光谱涨落的指纹获取方法,只需对OCT系统得到的干涉光谱的涨落进行处理分析,即可得到遗留在物体表面的指纹图案,不需进行相位和表面轮廓高度的求取,算法简单、处理速度快,处理结果不受样品表面高低起伏的影响。实验结果表明,在起伏表面上,使用该方法也能较好地显现遗留在物体表面的指纹图案。     

Rb蛋白干涉增强人胃癌细胞SGC-7901对化疗药物顺铂敏感性的研究

目的:研究通过RNAi技术特异性降低人胃癌细胞SGC-7901中的细胞周期调节蛋白Rb表达量,观察对化疗药物顺铂(eisplatin,CDDP)敏感性的变化,并探讨其潜在机制.方法:化学合成针对Rb的干涉序列和对照序列,转染SGC-7901细胞.采用Western blot和RT-PCR的方法检测干涉效率.通过流式细胞术检测干涉Rb对细胞周期的影响.干涉组和对照组细胞分别在10%和无血清的1640培养基中培养,并给予20μM顺铂或对照处理不同时间,采用Western blot检测Caspase-3的活化,通过MTT检测细胞的存活率.结果:设计的干涉序列可以高效抑制Rb的表达,从而促进细胞进入G1期,当细胞在10%的培养基条件下培养时,与对照组相比,Rb干涉的细胞凋亡率明显增加;而当细胞在无血清条件下培养时,干涉和对照组细胞凋亡率无明显差别.结论:干涉Rb可能通过促进细胞进入G1期而增强肿瘤细胞对化疗药物顺铂的敏感性.     

NRSF慢病毒干涉载体的构建及功能初步检测

为研究神经元限制性沉默因子(NRSF)负调控神经元及胰岛细胞中神经特异性基因的表达,拟通过RNAi的方法降低NRSF表达以进一步观察其调控的下游基因的表达情况.构建含人胰岛素启动子-荧光素酶(HIP-LUC)的pcDNA3.1报告载体.通过RNAi序列设计软件进行NRSF干涉片段及脱靶对照片段的设计,然后构建慢病毒干涉载体.包装产生慢病毒干涉毒液,用其感染HeLa细胞获得稳定干涉NRSF的细胞株,利用RT-PCR、实时定量PCR、蛋白质免疫印迹、免疫荧光染色等方法检测NRSF的干涉效果及其下游基因的表达情况,观察干涉NRSF后胰岛素启动子报告载体荧光素酶活性的变化.构建具有NRSF干涉效果的慢病毒干涉载体成功,并获得了稳定干涉NRSF及脱靶对照的HeLa细胞株,RT-PCR及实时定量PCR检测结果表明,NRSF干涉片段的干涉效率为56%(n=6,P<0.01),蛋白质免疫印迹、免疫荧光染色方法检测证实干涉后NRSF蛋白表达水平明显降低.RT-PCR实验表明干涉NRSF后下游基因开始表达,荧光素酶活性分析表明,干涉NRSF后胰岛素启动子活性增强了2.4倍(n=3,P<0.01).上述结果表明,成功构建NRSF的慢病毒干涉载体并获得稳定干涉NRSF的HeLa细胞株,干涉NRSF后,其下游基因特别是胰岛素基因开始表达.这一研究工作有助于我们进一步了解NRSF在胰岛细胞发育分化中的调控作用.     

siRNA沉默socs3对红系发育的影响

为了研究细胞因子信号转导分子3(suppressor of cytokine signals-3,SOCS-3)对造血发育的影响,构建了SOCS-3慢病毒siRNA干涉载体,并转染人红白血病细胞株K562.根据绿色荧光蛋白的表达进行流式分选后,获得了高表达慢病毒干涉载体的细胞.实时荧光定量PCR和Western-blot检测了转染细胞中SOCS-3基因的干涉效率,结果显示,与对照组相比,siRNA干涉后K562细胞SOCS-3基因的表达量仅为其相对表达量的22.1%,干涉效率77.9%;Western-blot结果显示,SOCS-3在蛋白质水平表达也明显受抑制.进一步对SOCS-3基因沉默后的K562细胞进行了诱导分化,并采用联苯胺染色法检测K562细胞向红系分化比例变化,免疫荧光染色检测细胞表面抗原的变化,RT-PCR检测造血相关基因的变化.结果发现,SOCS-3沉默后K562细胞向红系的发育能力显著提高.研究结果证明,SOCS-3在造血发育中有重要调控作用,而对其表达进行干涉或沉默将在规模化的红细胞诱导研究中发挥重要作用.     

非线性模型在蛋白质薄膜厚度测定中的应用

分子通过测定蛋白质薄膜厚度变化而定量地研究生物分子间的相互作用,探讨了基于光学干涉光的薄膜厚度的测量方法,借助于在玻璃基底表面沉积的聚苯乙烯薄膜对噪声的抑制,使用非线性回归模型对生物传感器的检测信号进行了分析。通过反射干涉光谱光测定到乙型肝炎表面抗原在聚苯乙烯－玻璃表面的吸附使薄膜厚度增加了３．３ｎｍ。随着５μｇ／ｍｌ,１０μｇ／ｍｌ,２０μｇ／ｍｌ,３０μｇ／ｍｌ和５０μｇ／ｍｌ浓度的乙型肝炎表     

拉曼光谱分析技术在细胞生物学研究中的应用进展

细胞是生物体结构和功能的基本单位,自被发现以来新的研究方法不断涌现。单细胞拉曼光谱能提供细胞内核酸、蛋白质、脂质含量等大量信息,可在不损伤细胞的条件下实时动态地监测细胞分子结构变化,亦可获得细胞的“分子指纹”,具有敏感性高、实时检测、活样品不需固定或染色、不损伤细胞等众多特点。近年来国内外研究者将拉曼光谱应用于细胞药物处理、细胞水平疾病诊断、单细胞生命活动监测、亚细胞结构等研究,取得了不同程度的进展。随着研究的深入,拉曼光谱分析技术必将在干细胞,癌症研究、细胞分选、药物筛选等领域大有作为。     

草地贪夜蛾Sf9细胞中snoRNA Bm-15反义寡核苷酸的定位及其对Bm-15的干涉效率

【目的】利用反义寡核苷酸(antisense oligonucleotide,ASO)干涉昆虫核仁小RNA(small nucleolar RNA,snoRNA)Bm-15的表达,并探索ASO进入细胞后的代谢途径。【方法】利用脂质体携带Cy5标记的、2'-O核糖甲基化修饰和硫代磷酸骨架修饰的Bm-15 ASO转染草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9细胞,然后通过Cy5标记与溶酶体及线粒体免疫荧光探针共定位研究Bm-15 ASO在细胞内的转运机制。利用实时荧光定量PCR检测转染Bm-15 ASO的Sf9细胞中Bm-15的表达量,分析ASO对snoRNA Bm-15的干涉效果。【结果】Bm-15 ASO转染草地贪夜蛾Sf9细胞48 h后,ASO荧光信号充斥整个细胞和位于细胞边缘的比例分别为34%和66%,说明ASO进入细胞后可能分布在不同的亚细胞器中;进一步对Bm-15 ASO和溶酶体及线粒体进行共定位发现,位于细胞边缘的ASO大多被运输至溶酶体而不会存在于线粒体等细胞器中。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果表明,转染Bm-15 ASO的Sf9细胞中Bm-15表达量下降了47%。【结论】即使经过多种化学修饰,ASO仍然逃避不了细胞内源降解机器的识别,这有效解释了某些情况下利用ASO干涉基因表达时靶标基因干涉效率较低的现象。     

Building and degradation of secondary cell walls: are there common patterns of lamellar assembly of cellulose microfibrils and cell wall delamination?

During cell wall formation and degradation, it is possible to detect cellulose microfibrils assembled into thicker and thinner lamellar structures, respectively, following inverse parallel patterns. The aim of this study was to analyse such patterns of microfibril aggregation and cell wall delamination. The thickness of microfibrils and lamellae was measured on digital images of both growing and degrading cell walls viewed by means of transmission electron microscopy. To objectively detect, measure and classify microfibrils and lamellae into thickness classes, a method based on the application of computerized image analysis combined with graphical and statistical methods was developed. The method allowed common classes of microfibrils and lamellae in cell walls to be identified from different origins. During both the formation and degradation of cell walls, a preferential formation of structures with specific thickness was evidenced. The results obtained with the developed method allowed objective analysis of patterns of microfibril aggregation and evidenced a trend of doubling/halving lamellar structures, during cell wall formation/degradation in materials from different origin and which have undergone different treatments.     

Dimerization of MT1-MMP during cellular invasion detected by fluorescence resonance energy transfer

Homodimerization of the membrane-bound collagenase MT1-MMP [membrane-type 1 MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)] is crucial for its collagenolytic activity. However, it is not clear whether this dimerization is regulated during cellular invasion into three-dimensional collagen matrices. To address this question, we established a fluorescence resonance energy transfer system to detect MT1-MMP dimerization and analysed the process in cells invading through three-dimensional collagen. Our data indicate that dimerization occurs dynamically and constantly at the leading edge of migrating cells, but not the trailing edge. We found that polarized dimerization was not due to ECM (extracellular matrix) attachment, but was rather controlled by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton by the small GTPases, Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42) and Rac1. Our data indicate that cell-surface collagenolytic activity is regulated co-ordinately with cell migration events to enable penetration of the matrix physical barrier.     

基于虚拟仪器技术的血管壁动态信息无创检测与辅助诊断系统

为了在体外无损地实现对血管壁动态信息、心电和心音信号等医学信息多参数的综合同步检测以及分析和处理,利用虚拟仪器技术设计了血管壁动态信息多参数的无创检测辅助诊断系统．该系统硬件平台由信号输入模块、信号调理模块以及采集卡等三大模块组成。软件系统由开发虚拟仪器的流行软件LabVIEW编写,实现了数据的采集、实时显示、分析处理和存储等。初步的临床检测结果证实了本无创检测系统的可行性和临床应用的前景,为功能性无创辅助诊断与血管壁弹性（硬化）程度有关的血管疾病提供了一种新的方法。     

Phenotypic pattern-based assay for dynamically monitoring host cellular responses to Salmonella infections

The interaction between mammalian host cells and bacteria is a dynamic process, and the underlying pathologic mechanisms are poorly characterized. Limited information describing the host-bacterial interaction is based mainly on studies using label-based endpoint assays that detect changes in cell behavior at a given time point, yielding incomplete information. In this paper, a novel, label-free, real-time cell-detection system based on electronic impedance sensor technology was adapted to dynamically monitor the entire process of intestinal epithelial cells response to Salmonella infection. Changes in cell morphology and attachment were quantitatively and continuously recorded following infection. The resulting impedance-based time-dependent cell response profiles (TCRPs) were compared to standard assays and showed good correlation and sensitivity. Biochemical assays further suggested that TCRPs were correlated with cytoskeleton-associated morphological dynamics, which can be largely attenuated by inhibitions of actin and microtubule polymerization. Collectively, our data indicate that cell-electrode impedance measurements not only provide a novel, real-time, label-free method for investigating bacterial infection but also help advance our understanding of host responses in a more physiological and continuous manner that is beyond the scope of current endpoint assays.     

Size-dependent rheology of type-I collagen networks

We investigate the system size-dependent rheological response of branched type I collagen gels. When subjected to a shear strain, the highly interconnected mesh dynamically reorients, resulting in overall stiffening of the network. When a continuous shear strain is applied to a collagen network, we observe that the local apparent modulus, in the strain-stiffening regime, is strongly dependent on the gel thickness. In addition, we demonstrate that the overall network failure is determined by the ratio of the gel thickness to the mesh size. These findings have broad implications for cell-matrix interactions, the interpretation of rheological tissue data, and the engineering of biomimetic scaffolds.     

体外实时动态监测水动力注射分泌型荧光素酶基因的表达

为了建立体外实时动态监测转导基因的体内表达,本研究选择分泌型的荧光素酶基因Gluc作为报告基因,对其体内外表达特性和检测方法进行了研究。首先构建了Gluc表达质粒pAAV2neo-Gluc。将pAAV2neo-Gluc转染体外培养的Huh7、HepG2细胞后,细胞培养上清和细胞裂解液中分别检测到Gluc的活性,而上清比细胞中的含量高约100倍。表明表达的Gluc以分泌形式为主。用水动力法经小鼠尾静脉注射pAAV2neo-Gluc质粒,活体成像表明Gluc在小鼠体内呈全身分布,而注射了萤火虫荧光素酶质粒pAAV2neo-Fluc的对照小鼠则主要在肝脏显像。将剂量分别为0.1、1、10、50μg每只的pAAV2neo-GlucDNA用水动力法尾静脉注射小鼠,不同时间点连续尾静脉采血测定其中的Gluc酶活性,观察其Gluc体内表达和分泌的动态变化。结果显示,各剂量组的Gluc表达变化规律高度一致:注射后2h即可检测到Gluc表达,10h后达到高峰,之后逐渐下降;Gluc的表达水平与注射质粒DNA的量呈正相关;为了进一步观察Gluc检测的灵敏性,本研究又比较了注射更低的质粒剂量(包括0.001、0.01和0.1μg每...     

Dynamic bistable switches enhance robustness and accuracy of cell cycle transitions

Bistability is a common mechanism to ensure robust and irreversible cell cycle transitions. Whenever biological parameters or external conditions change such that a threshold is crossed, the system abruptly switches between different cell cycle states. Experimental studies have uncovered mechanisms that can make the shape of the bistable response curve change dynamically in time. Here, we show how such a dynamically changing bistable switch can provide a cell with better control over the timing of cell cycle transitions. Moreover, cell cycle oscillations built on bistable switches are more robust when the bistability is modulated in time. Our results are not specific to cell cycle models and may apply to other bistable systems in which the bistable response curve is time-dependent.     

Direct and Dynamic Detection of HIV-1 in Living Cells

In basic and applied HIV research, reliable detection of viral components is crucial to monitor progression of infection. While it is routine to detect structural viral proteins in vitro for diagnostic purposes, it previously remained impossible to directly and dynamically visualize HIV in living cells without genetic modification of the virus. Here, we describe a novel fluorescent biosensor to dynamically trace HIV-1 morphogenesis in living cells. We generated a camelid single domain antibody that specifically binds the HIV-1 capsid protein (CA) at subnanomolar affinity and fused it to fluorescent proteins. The resulting fluorescent chromobody specifically recognizes the CA-harbouring HIV-1 Gag precursor protein in living cells and is applicable in various advanced light microscopy systems. Confocal live cell microscopy and super-resolution microscopy allowed detection and dynamic tracing of individual virion assemblies at the plasma membrane. The analysis of subcellular binding kinetics showed cytoplasmic antigen recognition and incorporation into virion assembly sites. Finally, we demonstrate the use of this new reporter in automated image analysis, providing a robust tool for cell-based HIV research.     

Subcellular positioning: unstable filaments on the move

A key question in cell biology is how proteins and entire protein complexes localize to defined subcellular positions in non-compartmentalized cells or within cell compartments. A recent report involving computational modeling and live-cell imaging suggests that dynamically unstable protein filaments provide an adaptable and versatile positioning system.