拟南芥油菜素内酯信号转导研究进展

油菜素内酯(brassinosteroid)信号首先被膜上的受体BRI1/BAK1复合体感知, 然后在一系列蛋白参与下传递到核内, 进一步调控下游基因的表达。本文综述了拟南芥中油菜素内酯信号转导研究的进展,并对今后的研究方向进行了探讨。     

拟南芥油菜素内酯信号转导研究进展

油菜素内酯（brassinosteroid）信号首先被膜上的受体BRI1／BAK1复合体感知,然后在一系列蛋白参与下传递到核内,进一步调控下游基因的表达。本文综述了拟南芥中油菜素内酯信号转导研究的进展,并对今后的研究方向进行了探讨。     

植物受体激酶BAK1介导的细胞死亡调控研究进展

植物在生长发育和抵抗逆境时都会发生细胞程序性死亡,植物受体激酶在细胞死亡调控中发挥着十分重要的作用。植物细胞可以通过质膜表面的受体激酶感受细胞间及环境信号,并将信号传递到下游,诱导一系列级联反应,导致细胞程序性死亡。植物受体激酶BAK1在植物程序性死亡中发挥着关键的作用, BAK1与BRI1、FLS2、BIR1、EFR、BIK1等受体激酶互作,识别和转导胞外信号,共同调控细胞死亡。该文以BAK1为中心,综述了近年发现的参与植物细胞死亡调控的BAK1受体激酶复合物介导的信号转导机制,并提出需要深入研究的科学问题。     

BAK1调控植物免疫信号识别和转导的分子机制

植物通过类受体激酶感知环境变化,产生相应的信号来调控机体生长发育。BAK1 (BRI1-associated kinase 1)是其中研究最深入的类受体激酶之一。它调控多种生理过程的信号转导,如植物生长发育、细胞死亡和植物免疫等。本文综述了BAK1作为模式识别受体的共受体以及信号转导的调控子,调控免疫信号识别和转导的机理。以期为深入研究BAK1基因家族在植物抗病反应中的作用,阐明植物免疫信号转导途径提供信息。     

PAQR 膜蛋白家族研究进展

孕激素和脂联素分子受体家族(PAQRs)是一类不同于G蛋白耦联受体家族的7次跨膜蛋白家族,目前发现该家族在人类具有11个成员。这类蛋白的结构类似于细菌的溶血素蛋白III,跨膜区域完全由一个高度保守的PFAM-UPF0073结构域构成。对该家族成员的生理功能研究发现,PAQR1,PAQR2具有维持代谢稳态和参与炎症反应的作用。PAQR5,PAQR7,PAQR8对于精子顶体反应,卵细胞的成熟和细胞凋亡有着重要的调节作用。随着对该家族成员分子的深入研究,一方面将更新对其现有生理病理过程的认识,另一方面将更加明确该类蛋白介导的信号转导通路,为相关疾病的治疗提供新的靶点和新的策略。     

油菜素内酯调控作物农艺性状和非生物胁迫响应的研究进展

植物对不利环境的适应依赖于将外部胁迫信号传递到内部信号通路中,在进化过程中形成一系列的胁迫响应机制。其中,油菜素内酯(brassinosteroids, BRs)是一种类固醇激素,广泛参与植物生长发育和逆境响应过程。BRs被包括受体BRI1和共受体BAK1在内的细胞表面受体感知,继而触发信号级联,导致蛋白激酶BIN2的抑制和转录因子BES1/BZR1的激活,BES1/BZR1可直接调控数千个下游响应基因的表达。在模式植物拟南芥中的研究表明,BR的生物合成和信号转导通路成员,特别是BIN2和其下游的转录因子BES1/BZR1,可以被各种环境因子广泛地调节。本文系统总结了BR相关的最新研究进展,对BR的生物合成和信号转导是如何被复杂的环境因子所调节,以及BR与环境因子如何协同调控作物重要农艺性状、冷胁迫和盐胁迫的响应进行了综述。     

植物类受体胞质激酶的结构和功能

本文介绍植物类受体胞质激酶的结构及其在植物的抗病、抗逆、生长发育、自交不亲和、油菜素内酯信号转导等方面的功能。     

植物RLCK的生物学功能与信号途径研究进展

类受体胞质激酶(receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase,RLCK)是一类无胞外信号肽结构域和跨膜结构域的激酶家族。在植物中,RLCK通过磷酸化下游靶蛋白而发挥功能,主要参与了植物的生长、信号转导、非生物胁迫和生物胁迫应答等生理过程。本文着重介绍拟南芥和水稻中RLCK的分类、生物学功能及其参与的信号途径。     

毛竹油菜素内酯受体激酶基因的分子特征及表达模式分析

为探究毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)油菜素内酯(brassinolide,BL)受体激酶基因的分子特征和表达模式,采用生物信息学方法对毛竹中BL受体激酶基因进行了分析,并应用实时定量PCR技术对基因的表达模式进行了研究。结果表明,在毛竹基因组中共获得8条BL受体激酶基因同源序列(PeBRLs),分别属于4个亚家族。8个PeBRLs编码858~1 224氨基酸,分子量为92~130 kDa。PeBRLs结构相对保守,激酶区均具有BL受体激酶特有的3个保守结构域;除PeBRL1-1具有2个跨膜结构域外,其余PeBRLs只有1个跨膜结构域。8个PeBRLs全部定位在细胞膜上,属于典型的膜嵌合蛋白。实时定量PCR结果显示,每个亚家族成员基因的组织特异性表达模式基本一致,但不同亚家族之间差异明显;在不同发育阶段的竹笋中,PeBRLs的表达呈现为4种变化趋势。因此,8个PeBRLs在毛竹不同组织和笋的不同发育阶段可能发挥着不同的作用。     

成纤维细胞生长因子受体4的研究

成纤维细胞生长因子受体4(fibroblast growth factor receptor4,FGFR4)是成纤维细胞生长因子受体家族中较晚被发现的一类跨膜酪氨酸激酶受体,通过与成纤维细胞生长因子结合,启动PLC、Ras等多条信号转导途径将胞外信号传递到细胞内,主要参与胚胎发育、血管生成、创伤愈合、组织分化和修复等重要生理进程,对乳腺癌、肝癌等癌症的发生发展起着重要作用,并成为癌症前期极好的预测因子及治疗学中的有效靶点。本文主要概述了FGFR4的信号转导过程及病理学研究进展。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.