浙江乐清湾泥蚶的繁殖习性和生长特性

乐清湾泥蚶雌雄异体,在外形上难以区别,成熟时性腺包被整个内脏团,雌性性腺呈红色或桔黄色,雄性性腺呈乳白色,无性变现象。一般2龄性成熟,但在条件较好的蓄水塘中养殖的泥蚶也有1龄性成熟的现象。自然繁殖期为6月上旬至8月下旬。卵生,体外受精。产卵量大,一颗壳长为2～3em的亲蚶可产卵200—300万颗。乐清湾泥蚶终身生长,但生长速度较慢,且受水温、饵料、潮区、底质和养殖密度等因素影响,一般2年或3年方能达到商品规格。壳长生长前期快,后期慢;体重生长前期慢,后期快。壳长L(mm)与体重W(g)符合W=0．0004L^2.9949(R^2=0．9964)关系。     

兴凯湖翘嘴鲴种群结构的变化

兴凯湖是中俄界湖,1982年、1998年对兴凯湖翘嘴鳇捕获群体的生长、年龄进行研究。体重、体长关系式为：1982：W=0．01223L^2.99743(r=0．9757,n=226)1998：W=0．007843L^310611(r=0．9764,n=258)生长方程为：1982：L=103．1567(t-e^-0.1173(1 1.36826) W=13266．1252(1-e^-0.1173(t 136826))^2.9974 1998:L=105．3910(t-e^-0.1262(t 0.597065)W=15049．8555(1-e^-0.1262(t 0.597065))3.10611在1982年渔获物中,4—11龄的性成熟鱼占56．0％,1998年占12．8％。1998年的渔获物中1龄幼鱼数量剧增,占38．7％,捕捞群体年龄结构严重低龄化,1998-2002年中国境内没有发现产卵汛场。     

太湖河蚬种群组成及生长特征研究

为掌握太湖河蚬种群的大小组成、年龄结构及其生长特征,在太湖设置6个采样点,通过采集太湖河蚬样品,测量河蚬的壳长、壳宽、壳高和体重,判定河蚬的年龄,建立河蚬壳长、体重的生长方程。研究结果表明:(1)河蚬壳长、壳宽、壳高及体重范围分别为5.45—40.34 mm、6.68—24.89 mm、7.15—37.41 mm、0.15-19.27 g,其均值分别为(20.17±0.60) mm、(13.57±0.33) mm、(19.13±0.53) mm和(4.09±0.32) g。(2)河蚬种群由0⁺至4⁺龄共5个年龄组组成,其中0⁺至2⁺龄的个体数量占比91.85%.3⁺至4⁺龄的个体数量占比8.15%。(3)河蚬的壳长与体重的关系式为W=2.0×10^-3L^2.477(R²=0.954),表明河蚬呈异速生长。(4)河蚬的壳长生长方程L_t=41.99×[1-e~(-0.27(t...     

鲩鱼0^＋龄幼鱼的生长与食性

经测量和数理统计分析,确定幼鲩体长与年龄呈直线关系,体重与年龄为指数关系,并计算出它们相应的回归方程式。根据生长率的差异,0^ 龄幼鲩的生长过程可区分为两个阶段：快速生长阶段和缓慢生长阶段。两个阶段的分界线落在体长77亳米左右。幼鲩生长率的变异跟个体食性类型的改变有密切联系。计算结果幼鲩体长对体重关系为：W=0．00003186L^2.9303。食性分析表明,尚未长鳞的稚鱼为动物食性;长鳞后,幼鱼转为杂食性;体长大于72毫米的当年鱼变为草食性。又经肠长对体长关系的分析,确定适应草食性营养的幼鱼其最小体长为61毫米。     

绥芬河大麻哈鱼个体生物学研究

研究以2012至2017年在绥芬河东宁段采集的447尾大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum)为材料,对其年龄与生长及繁殖特性等个体生物学特征进行研究分析。结果表明:绥芬河大麻哈鱼种群由1~+-5~+龄5个年龄组构成,其中雌性个体以3~+龄为主,雄性个体以2~+龄为主。大麻哈鱼雌、雄个体的体长-体重关系分别为:W=0.0082×L~(3.0604);W=0.0076×L~(3.0746),均属匀速生长类型;采用Von Bertalanffy生长方程拟合得到3~+龄大麻哈鱼雌、雄个体的叉长生长方程分别为:L_(t,F)=141.64×e~(-0.11)·(t+1.55));L_(t,M)=119.51×e~(-0.13·(t+1.45))。利用逻辑斯蒂方程估算大麻哈鱼雌、雄个体初次性成熟叉长(L_(50))分别为51.53和42.15 cm。ARSS分析显示雌、雄个体的L_(50)差异显著;大麻哈鱼的绝对繁殖力(F)、相对叉长繁殖力(F_L)和相对体重繁殖力(F_W)分别为3412粒、52.42粒/cm和1.17粒/g;F与叉长、体重、性腺重呈显著正相关关系,GSI与叉长、体重、F成显著负相关关系;F与叉长、体重的幂函数关系方程式分别为:F=0.0311×L~(2.7745)(R~2=0.638)和F=1.946×W~(0.9374)(R~2=0.704)。本研究为绥芬河大麻哈鱼资源保护工作提供基础资料。     

闽南—台湾浅滩渔场羽鳃鲐生长和死亡的研究

本文报道闽南—台湾浅滩渔场羽鳃鲐的生长特性和死亡参数,并讨论了捕捞规格问题。其纯体重 W 和总体重 W’与叉长的相关式分别为 W=2.5687×10~(-7)L~(3.7545),W’=1.003×10~(-6)L~(3.5140);叉长生长方程 L_t=346.5[1-e~(-0.2209(t+1.2263))]~(0.5700),体重生长方程 W_t=881.1[1-e~(-0.2209(t+1.2263))]~(2.1399);1988—1989年种群存活率为0.2808,瞬时总死亡率为1.2600,瞬时自然死亡率和瞬时捕捞死亡率分别为0.5863和0.6738;最佳最小捕捞叉长为170.3mm,最佳最小捕捞纯体重和总体重分别为63.9g 和71.0g.     

中街山列岛海域厚壳贻贝生物学特征及生长规律

根据2013年4月—2014年2月厚壳贻贝Ⅰ龄个体跟踪调查和2013年8—12月Ⅱ龄个体取样调查数据,利用Taylor公式、线性函数和Von Bertalanffy生长方程对中街山列岛海域厚壳贻贝生物学特征及生长规律进行了分析。结果表明:雌雄样本间壳长、壳高、壳宽、体重、贝壳重和软组织湿重差异不显著;壳长与壳高、壳宽之间有极显著的线性正相关关系,壳长与体重、贝壳重、软组织湿重之间有极显著幂函数关系;壳长生长方程为Lt=87.48(1-e-0.348(t+0.913)),体重生长方程为Wt=79.51(1-e-0.348(t+0.913))3;8—10月是厚壳贻贝生长旺季,8月下旬为性成熟拐点,建议厚壳贻贝春季苗的最佳收获期为10月中旬。     

长江老江河国家级四大家鱼原种场鲢的生长特征

鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)是我国传统食用鱼,也是国际上养殖产量最高的鱼种.长江是鲢生产的摇篮和优质基因库.本文分析了2008年1月及12月采自湖北监利县老江河国家级四大家鱼原种场151尾鲢样本的年龄和生长特征,结果显示,体长(L)与鳞长(R)呈直线关系L=205.96R-6.374 0(r=0.948 6),体重(W)与体长呈幂函数关系W=0.023 4L2.941 1(r=0.995 5),生长规律可用Von Bertalanffy 方程Lt=93.77[1-e-0.208 7(t-0.031 1) 和Wt=19 293.35[1-0.208 7(t-0.031 1)]2.941 1表达.群体的生长拐点位于ti=5.14,拐点体长Lr=61.47 cm,拐点体重Wr=5 570.85 g.分析表明,渐近体长、渐近体重及拐点年龄等参数,老江河鲢的比20世纪80年代中期天鹅洲和90年代初湖口地区鲢的要低,生长参数发生了一些变化.     

鄱阳湖乌鳢的年龄与生长

研究了鄱阳湖鸟鳢年龄结构与生长特征.其年轮特征为典型的疏密切割型,年轮形成时间主要在3～5月;渔获群体年龄由Ⅰ～Ⅵ龄组成,优势体长为35.5～48.8 cm,优势体重为630～1224 g:体长与鳞长关系式为:L=0.8124 10.119S(r=0.96),体长与体重关系式为:W=1.73×10-2L2.95(r=0.97),属均匀生长类型,可用Von Bertalanffy生长方程来描述其体长与体重生长规律.根据鄱阳湖乌鳢资源利用的现状,建议将捕获年龄提高到4 a,相应体长45～55 cm,体重2500～2200g.     

兴凯湖翘嘴鲌种群结构的变化

兴凯湖是中俄界湖 ,1982年、1998年对兴凯湖翘嘴捕获群体的生长、年龄进行研究。体重、体长关系式为 :1982 :W =0 0 12 2 3L2 .99743 (r=0 975 7,n =2 2 6 )　 1998:W =0 0 0 784 3L3 10 611(r=0 976 4 ,n =2 5 8)生长方程为 :1982 :　L =10 3 15 6 7(1-e-0 1173 (t 1 3 682 6) )　W =132 6 6 12 5 2 (1-e-0 1173 (t 1 3 682 6) ) 2 .99741998:　L =10 5 3910 (1-e-0 12 62 (t 0 5970 65) )　W =15 0 4 9 85 5 5 (1-e-0 12 62 (t 0 5970 65) ) 3 .10 611在 1982年渔获物中 ,4— 11龄的性成熟鱼占 5 6 0 % ,1998年占 12 8%。 1998年的渔获物中 1龄幼鱼数量剧增 ,占38 7% ,捕捞群体年龄结构严重低龄化 ,1998— 2 0 0 2年中国境内没有发现产卵汛场。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.