首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
通过室内实验研究了不同温度条件下主要水华藻类——铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginisa)和巨颤藻(Oscillatoria princeps)的生长和种间竞争。结果表明:无论在纯培养体系还是混合培养体系中,微囊藻在25℃下生长最好,颤藻在30℃下生长最好;温度对藻类的种间竞争抑制参数能够产生明显影响,在20℃、25℃、30℃3个温度下,颤藻对微囊藻的竞争抑制参数随温度的升高而升高,30℃时颤藻对微囊藻的竞争抑制参数分别是20℃和25℃时的1.42倍和1.13倍,微囊藻对颤藻的竞争抑制参数则表现为25℃>30℃>20℃,25℃时微囊藻对颤藻的竞争抑制参数分别是20℃和30℃时的1.54倍和1.21倍,在20℃、25℃、30℃3个温度下,微囊藻对颤藻的竞争抑制参数均大于颤藻对微囊藻的竞争抑制参数,说明在各试验温度下,微囊藻对颤藻的抑制能力均大于颤藻对微囊藻的抑制能力;根据Lotka-Volterra竞争模型中的两物种竞争结果可初步判断,20℃和25℃温度下,微囊藻在竞争中取胜,30℃下,微囊藻和颤藻可以实现不稳定共存。  相似文献   

3.
朱砂叶螨敏感品系(S)和抗药性三氯杀螨醇品系(Rd)、抗双甲脒品系(Ra)的各螨态历期在一定温度范围内均随温度的增加而缩短,发育速率对温度敏感性的高低依次为Rd>Ra>S。在相同温度条件下,2个抗药性品系均比敏感品系发育更快。3个朱砂叶螨品系的平均每雌总产卵量与温度的关系,可用二次抛物线方程拟合。在相同温度条件下,2个抗药性品系的生殖力均低于敏感品系,这表明抗药性朱砂叶螨具有生殖不利性。  相似文献   

4.
几种杀虫剂对朱砂叶螨酯酶的抑制作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
测定了 3种杀虫剂乐斯本、甲氰菊酯、敌敌畏及其两两组合对朱砂叶螨离体酯酶的抑制作用。这 3种杀虫剂的抑制中浓度依次为 2 .81 2 8× 1 0 - 6 、 3 .1 698× 1 0 - 6 、 4.1 5 86× 1 0 - 6 ( mol/ L) ,说明乐斯本对朱砂叶螨酯酶的抑制作用最强 ,甲氰菊酯次之 ,敌敌畏最弱。通过对杀虫剂作用于朱砂叶螨酯酶的米氏常数和最大反应速度测定 ,发现乐斯本和甲氰菊酯的作用方式为竞争性抑制 ,敌敌畏为非竞争性抑制。敌敌畏 +乐斯本和敌敌畏 +甲氰菊酯联合抑制作用均具有相加作用 ,乐斯本 +甲氰菊酯联合抑制有增效作用 ,且均为竞争性抑制  相似文献   

5.
4种蔬菜对朱砂叶螨的抗性研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
4种供试蔬菜品种以对朱砂叶螨Tetranychuscinnabarinus(Boisduval)种群生长发育,繁殖及种群密度有明显增加,品种间存在的抗螨性差异,其中苦瓜抗螨性能,丝瓜,茄子,豇豆则表现在不同程度度的感螨性,朱砂叶螨能够取食苦瓜叶片,但发育历期延长,雌成螨寿命缩短,死亡率较高,而且在高苦瓜上不产卵,朱砂叶螨在豇豆,茄子,丝瓜上,发育历期短,雌成螨寿命长,产卵量大,死亡率低,R0,γm  相似文献   

6.
二斑叶螨与山楂叶螨种间竞争的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
作于1994-1995年对苹果树上的二斑叶螨(Teiranychus urticae (Koch))和山楂叶螨(T.veinnensis Zacher)的种间竞争进行了研究。结果表明,在食物资源上,二斑叶螨对山楂叶螨的生态位重叠度指数是1.05,而山楂叶螨对二斑叶螨则为0.95;在生存空间资源上,二斑叶螨相应为1.11,山楂叶螨相应为0.89。在1994和1995年,两种害螨的内禀增长力(rm)在单种种群中,二斑叶螨分别是0.13036和0.0759,山楂叶螨分别是0.1028和0.0585;在混合种群中,二斑叶螨分别是0.118和0.0822,山楂叶螨分别是0.06056和0.052,二斑叶螨均明显高于山楂叶螨。在达到种群年中高峰时,二斑叶螨在混台种群中所占比率,1994年为97.2% 1995年为86.2%。达到高峰后,两种叶螨种群数量均急剧下降,但二斑叶螨下降的速度更快。20天后,二斑叶螨在混合种群中的比率分别降至20%和19%。因此,二斑叶螨较山楂叶螨具有更强的竞争能力。但由于二的生态位并不完全重叠,因而山楂叶螨不会绝灭。  相似文献   

7.
【目的】大豆蚜Aphis glycines(Matsumura)是危害我国大豆产量的重要刺吸式害虫,茄无网蚜Acyrthosiphon solani(Kaltenbach)是近年来在大豆田发生逐渐呈上升趋势的刺吸式害虫,蚜虫的发生动态严重影响大豆的产量和品质,本试验调查了马铃薯-大豆、玉米-大豆邻作种植模式对大豆田刺吸式害虫及其他主要害虫的种群动态的影响,为精准使用农药防控蚜虫提供依据。【方法】采用系统调查的方法,研究大豆田刺吸式害虫以及天敌的种群动态,在哈尔滨香坊农场进行马铃薯-大豆、大豆-玉米邻作的种植模式,对其大豆田中大豆蚜、茄无网蚜等刺吸式口器的害虫及天敌动态发生数量进行调查。【结果】2014年与2015年玉米-大豆、马铃薯-大豆种植模式的大豆田中的大豆蚜数量明显低于对照田,2014年玉米-大豆差异更显著,2015年马铃薯-大豆差异性显著。2014年与2015年玉米-大豆、马铃薯-大豆邻作种植模式的大豆田中的茄无网蚜数量显著低于对照田。而2014年8月温度低于2015年虫量相对高于2015年,虫量高时天敌总群动态也相对较高,达到调控作用。【结论】玉米-大豆、马铃薯-大豆邻作种植模式能够起到减少大豆蚜和茄无网蚜的为害的作用,并能够减少农药的使用量。  相似文献   

8.
[目的]为明确不同杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus不同发育阶段的生物活性.[方法]采用浸渍法分别测定了10种杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨成螨、卵和若螨的毒力.[结果]丁氟螨酯、阿维菌素和联苯肼酯对成螨、卵和若螨的活性均较高;乙螨唑和螺螨酯对卵和若螨活性较高,但对成螨活性明显偏低;甲氰菊酯对成螨和若螨...  相似文献   

9.
以茄子和朱砂叶螨为对象,对叶螨种群动态与植物次生代谢物质——丹宁酸含量变动的相互关系进行了研究。发现朱砂叶螨的取食胁迫,能迅速地诱导茄子的应激反应。同时茄子以某种方式的丹宁酸含量自主调控,对叶螨种群的动态产生强烈的影响。在结合考察未受螨害植株所表现出的次生代谢准周期变动的基础上,提出了一种植物防御模式的假说。  相似文献   

10.
朱砂叶螨利它素对拟长毛钝绥螨定位反应的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
杨琰云  董慧琴 《蛛形学报》1995,4(2):111-115
以朱砂叶螨Tetranychuscinnbarinus(Boisduval)的自然群体,通过嗅觉仪对拟毛钝绥螨AmblyseiuspseudolongispinosusXin;LiangetKe的搜索定位能力进行测试,发现拟长毛钝绥螨的雌成螨对叶螨的自然群体和雌成螨有最强的定位反应,对从自然群体分离出来的卵,若螨,丝网和排泄物对明显的反应,而对幼螨,雄螨及去螨叶片则无反应,同时表明叶螨的雌成螨是利  相似文献   

11.
大豆蚜的生物学防治技术   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘健  赵奎军 《昆虫知识》2007,44(2):179-185
大豆蚜AphisglycinesMatsumura是亚洲大豆种植区的一种主要农业害虫。近年来,大豆蚜又先后侵入北美洲和大洋州等地,对当地的大豆生产构成了潜在威胁,正成为一种世界性的农业害虫。文章对大豆蚜的分布、危害、生物学特征、天敌和防治技术等方面的研究现状进行了详细论述。  相似文献   

12.
朱砂叶螨越冬的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)原多混同于二斑叶螨(T.urticae),为世界性害螨,在我国严重危害棉花、瓜、豆、茄果类蔬菜及许多观赏植物。叶螨科叶螨属的很多种类以滞育态雌成螨  相似文献   

13.
    
The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the most destructive insect pests on soybeans in the United States. One method for managing this pest is through host plant resistance. Since its arrival in 2000, 4 aphid biotypes have been identified that are able to overcome soybean aphid resistance (Rag) genes. A soybean aphid isolate collected from Moline, Illinois readily colonized soybean plants with the soybean aphid resistance gene Rag2, unlike biotypes 1 and 2, but similar to soybean aphid biotype 3. Two no‐choice experiments compared the virulence of the Moline isolate with biotype 3. In both experiments, differences in aphid population counts were not significant (P > 0.05) on soybean genotypes LD08–12957a (Rag2) and LD11–5413a (Rag2), but the aphid counts for the Moline isolate were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the aphid counts for the biotype 3 isolate on the soybean genotypes Dowling (Rag1), LD05–16611 (Rag1), LD11–4576a (Rag1), and PI 567598B (rag1b and rag3). The Moline isolate was a variant of aphid biotype 3, which is the first report showing that soybean aphid isolates classified as the same biotype, based on virulence against specific Rag genes, can differ in aggressiveness or ability to colonize specific host genotypes.  相似文献   

14.
    
  1. Cover crops offer environmental and agricultural benefits, but adoption remains low. Soybean growers have indicated that the adoption of rye as a winter cover crop would increase, if it was shown to offer suppression of a key soybean pest, the soybean aphid Aphis glycines.
  2. We performed an on‐farm evaluation of two cropping systems utilized in organic production and reduced‐herbicide input production. One system includes a rye cover crop, whereas the other does not.
  3. At six and five location‐years in Minnesota, A. glycines and predator populations, respectively, were measured and compared between the systems with and without rye.
  4. The system with the rye cover crop significantly suppressed A. glycines populations on soybean at five of six location‐years. Predators appeared to respond more to prey abundance than to plant diversity. An exposure analysis examining biological control potential revealed no differences between soybean with and without rye at any location‐year.
  5. Insect control can be added to the multiple benefits of rye winter cover crops.
  相似文献   

15.
郑永利  姚士桐 《昆虫知识》2006,43(3):395-397
大豆蚜Aphis glycinesMatsmura种群增长随时间而变化,符合Logistic增长模型,得出回归方程N=58.5330/(1+e4.8704-0.2274t),当t≈21时,可作为防治大豆蚜的关键时期,此时正值田间大豆苗期的营养生长盛期。大豆苗期随着蚜量上升,危害损失增加。根据田间蚜虫密度与危害损失率之间的相互关系,大豆蚜的防治指标可确定为平均每穴蚜量24头或800头/百株。  相似文献   

16.
王兴科  吴福安  陶士强  汪伟  程嘉翎 《生态学报》2008,28(6):2645-2645~2653
采用生命表分析、生存分析、\"王-兰-丁\"模型及线性模型等分析方法,对15~28℃温区的5个恒温处理朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)实验种群进行了系统研究.结果表明,此温区内,种群在生殖、发育和生存3方面,有明显的温度效应:内禀增长力、周限增长力、净增殖力和平均日产卵量、世代平均周期、及种群倍增时间的倒数呈线性增长;而平均寿命、最大死亡年龄,随温度升高而递减;性比和实际产卵天数对温度不敏感.种群在生殖、发育和生存三者之间,采取了较为\"折衷\"的策略:8℃为发育临界点;13℃左右为生殖和种群增长临界温度;22℃左右为生殖和种群增长最适温度;30℃左右为发育最适温度.  相似文献   

17.
Sensitivity of two greenhouse pests to vapours of essential oils   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Vapours of essential oils extracted from cumin, Cuminum cyminum L., anise, Pimpinella anisum L., oregano, Origanum syriacum var bevanii (Holmes) Ietswaart and eucalyptus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn., were found to be toxic to two greenhouse pests, viz. the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.) (Tetranychidae, Tetranychini) and cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glov. (Aphididae, Aphidini). In general, a minimum dose of 0.5 µl/l air and 2–3 days of exposure was required for 99% mortality using essential oils of the first three plants.  相似文献   

18.
Soybean aphids, Aphis glycines Matsumura, and soybean cyst nematodes, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, are economic pests of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., in the north‐central United States. Combined, these pests may account for 20–50% of yield reductions in a soybean crop. Only limited information is available concerning the interaction of these two pests on soybean production. During the summers of 2006 and 2007, we conducted a field‐experiment near Urbana, IL, to evaluate the effect of resistant and susceptible soybean lines on the development and reproduction of both pests in combination with each other. We also examined how each pest, as well as their interaction, affected the yield of susceptible and resistant soybean lines. Soybean plants grown within caged plots were infested with soybean aphids and soybean cyst nematodes; cumulative aphid days and soybean cyst nematode egg densities were determined at the end of each growing season. Soybean aphids were able to survive on all four soybean lines in both years of this study; however, aphid‐resistant lines generally had fewer cumulative aphid days than aphid‐susceptible lines. Likewise, nematode‐resistant lines typically had fewer eggs than nematode‐susceptible lines. During both years, we failed to observe a significant interaction between these two pests on the reproduction of one another. Yield data from 2006 was inconclusive; however, results from 2007 suggest that yield‐loss when soybean aphids and soybean cyst nematodes occur jointly is not significantly greater than when these two pests occur independently. The relationship between these two pests, and our inability to observe an interaction, are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
温度对抗性朱砂叶螨发育和繁殖的影响   总被引:14,自引:3,他引:14  
比较了朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boiduval)敏感品系(S)、阿维菌素抗性品系(AR)和甲氰菊酯抗性品系(FR)在不同温度下的发育和繁殖情况,用王-兰-丁模型拟合了各品系发育速率与温度的关系。结果表明,在36℃下,S品系和FR品系卵均不能孵化,而AR品系却能完成世代发育。15℃下,AR和FR品系的世代历期分别比S品系延长8.0和6.2天,产卵前期均比S品系缩短约2.0天。在20~28℃下,S品系繁殖力大于抗性品系; 在34℃下, AR品系的产卵量显著大于S和FR品系。S、FR和AR品系发育临界高温分别为36.0℃、36.1℃和42.4℃。结果提示AR品系对高温的适应能力较S和FR品系明显增强。  相似文献   

20.
    
Flowering oilseed crops have the potential to diversify agroecosystems currently dominated by corn and soybeans and improve the provision of ecosystem services such as pest control. Nectar and pollen feeding may increase natural enemy fitness and searching behaviour, increasing their survival and prey consumption rates. The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura; Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a particularly widespread and costly agricultural pest. In this study, we evaluate the effects of two flowering oilseed crops, cuphea and calendula, on the survival of the insidious flower bug (Orius insidiosus Say; Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and its consumption levels of A. glycines placed on soybean plants. We also evaluated the survival of O. insidiosus when placed on glandular and non-glandular cuphea varieties. The amount of A. glycines that remained unconsumed by O. insidiosus did not differ among treatments. Because mortality levels of O. insidiosus were higher on glandular compared to non-glandular cuphea plants, glandular trichomes, or plant hairs, may play a role in impeding movement and prey consumption by O. insidious.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号