酪蝇交配行为和能力

在(27±1)℃,光周期L∶D=12∶12的条件下对酪蝇Piophila casei L.交配行为及能力进行了研究。结果表明,雌虫在羽化1min后即可交配,而雄虫在羽化30min后进行交配。进一步观察结果表明,羽化后80min的两性成虫交配率最高(90%),成虫一天之中的交配高峰期出现在10∶00—11∶00,次高峰出现在11∶00—12∶00。两性交配持续时间从4～9min不等,以5min为最多(43.3%),6min次之(23.3%)。一般情况下,雌虫一生只交配1次,雄虫从1～7次不等,但以2次为最多(45%),3次的次之(20%)。     

中黑盲蝽羽化节律及交配行为初步研究

在光周期L∶D=16∶8,温度(25±1)℃条件下对中黑盲蝽Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev羽化规律及交配行为进行观察,结果表明:中黑盲蝽雌、雄成虫全天均可羽化,雌虫羽化高峰出现在亮灯后7:00—9:00am,雄虫的羽化高峰出现在亮灯后5:00—7:00am;羽化过程历时较短,仅5～7 min。成虫自4日龄开始达到性成熟;室内短距离条件下雌虫通过足摩擦腹部(有时会伴随着振翅)吸引雄虫,同时雄虫用足摩擦腹部并振动翅膀回应雌虫,定位雌虫后发生交配,交配时间约30 s。     

光周期对小菜蛾羽化节律的影响

【目的】本研究旨在探究光周期对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(Linn.)羽化节律的调控作用,为小菜蛾的季节性种群动态预测提供理论基础。【方法】在自然光周期和逆转光周期条件下,观察小菜蛾每日的羽化情况。【结果】在自然光周期和逆转光周期条件下,小菜蛾蛹在24 h均可以羽化。正常光周期下,羽化行为表现为近似抛物线形昼夜节律,雌成虫通常在黑暗阶段羽化（18:00-6:00）,而雄成虫大多在光照阶段羽化（6:00-18:00）。在逆转光周期下,小菜蛾蛹的羽化无明显规律。在正常光周期下,雌成虫的羽化频率在光期和暗期没有显著差异,但是,相比于暗期,雄成虫在光期羽化率较高;在逆转光周期后,雌成虫在暗期（6:00-18:00）的羽化数量比光期（18:00-6:00）高,雄成虫暗期的羽化数量比光期低。【结论】光周期逆转后小菜蛾雌成虫和雄成虫的羽化节律明显改变,这将有助于阐明害虫光周期变化与生物钟之间的关系。     

二化螟水稻类群与茭白类群成虫羽化节律和交配节律研究

比较研究了二化螟Chilosuppressalis(Walker)水稻类群与茭白类群成虫的羽化和交配节律 ,研究结果表明 :两类群的羽化节律大体一致 ;但交配节律存在明显差异 :水稻类群成虫的交配高峰出现在熄灯后 4 5h ;茭白类群成虫的交配高峰出现在熄灯后 7 0～ 7 5h。     

温度和光周期对亚洲玉米螟羽化节律的影响

实验在不同的温度和光周期条件下研究了亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)的羽化节律。结果表明:在8¹6 h的暗期中亚洲玉米螟羽化高峰均集中在暗期,羽化活动随光暗交替表现出节律性。这种节律性受到暗长的影响,暗期越短羽化高峰越提前,反之亦然;其次温度也影响羽化节律,在22℃中各光周期的羽化高峰均比25℃出现的更晚。此外亚洲玉米螟在持续的光期中羽化不表现出内源性节律,而在持续暗期中却表现出内源性节律,且该内源性节律在22℃和25℃下基本相同约为24 h。     

羊狂蝇化蛹、羽化的生物学研究

本文揭示羊狂蝇羽化与环境因素的相关性,幼虫在土壤栖息定位,蛹态,蛹与幼虫大小的相关性,成蝇活动行为和寿命,雌雄蝇比率等生物学特性,为羊狂蝇应用研究提供具有指导意义的基础资料。     

褛裳夜蛾的交配行为及雄蛾对性腺提取物的反应节律

详细观察了褛裳夜蛾成虫的交配行为,利用风洞、触角电位技术研究了雄蛾对性腺提取物的反应节律,通过林间诱蛾试验进行了验证,旨在为褛裳夜蛾性信息素的精确提取及性信息素组份分离、鉴定提供依据。研究结果表明:成虫的求偶、交配行为均发生在暗期,有一定的节律性:雌蛾在羽化3d以后开始求偶,1周左右表现最为强烈,3-4日龄雌蛾在暗期4-6h开始求偶,最大求偶率在暗期6-8h;5-9日龄在进入暗期就开始求偶,最大求偶率出现在暗期4-6h。风洞试验表明,3-7日龄的雄蛾对性腺提取物均有明显的性行为反应,5日龄雄蛾在暗期4-6h对性腺提取物的反应最为强烈。3-6日龄的成虫在暗期4-6h开始交配,而7-8日龄的成虫于暗期2-4h开始交配,6日龄的成虫交配率最高,交配高峰在暗期4-8h。雄蛾对性腺提取物的触角电位反应也有一定的节律性:雄蛾对4日龄雌蛾性腺提取物开始有电生理反应,对6-7日龄暗期5h性腺提取物反应最为强烈。林间诱蛾试验测定了性腺提取物的引诱活性,7日龄雌蛾性腺提取物林间诱蛾量最高,引诱高峰在暗期4-6h,该结果也验证了褛裳夜蛾雄蛾对性腺提取物的反应节律。     

蚤蝇的昼夜活动节律及睡眠行为研究

蚤蝇是重要的法医昆虫,同时是实验室中遗传、发育和生物测定等研究的重要对象。然而,蚤蝇的昼夜活动节律和睡眠行为及其在脑部的神经网络目前还不清晰。本文通过捕获本地蚤蝇并对其进行分子鉴定,研究了蚤蝇的昼夜活动节律和睡眠行为,同时表征了蚤蝇脑部核心钟神经元和多巴胺神经元。结果表明:蚤蝇在12h光照∶12h黑暗(12L∶12D)条件下不存在对开灯前或关灯前的活动预期,其双峰活动模式是对开关灯的光反应行为。在全黑暗(DD)条件下蚤蝇内源活动周期接近24h。黑腹果蝇神经肽PDF抗体免疫显示蚤蝇脑部核心钟神经元4~5个,不像黑腹果蝇一样存在明显的神经轴突。在睡眠行为上,蚤蝇雄虫和雌虫在整体活动强度、睡眠节律模式、总睡眠上均没有明显差异。相反,雄虫总睡眠次数和晚上睡眠次数低于雌虫,而总睡眠持续时间、晚上睡眠持续时间、总入睡时间和晚上入睡时间高于雌虫。此外,影响睡眠的重要多巴胺神经元在蚤蝇脑部的分布与黑腹果蝇类似。     

五种芳香类挥发物质对酪蝇的引诱效果

室内采用Y-型嗅觉仪测定不同浓度(1.0×10-6,1.0×10-5,1.0×10-4和1.0×10-3mL/mL)水杨醛、水杨酸甲酯、苯乙醛、苯甲醛、桂醇5种化合物对酪蝇Piophila casei(L.)成虫的引诱效果。结果表明:1.0×10-6和1.0×10-5mL/mL苯乙醛,1.0×10-6mL/mL苯甲醛,1.0×10-5和1.0×10-4mL/mL水杨醛均对雌、雄虫表现明显的引诱效果。1.0×10-3mL/mL苯乙醛、水杨醛和苯甲醛对酪蝇雌、雄虫具有明显的驱避效果。桂醇和水杨酸甲酯在所测试的浓度范围内对雄虫具有明显的驱避效果。水杨酸甲酯在浓度为1.0×10-6mL/mL对雌虫有明显的引诱效果,其它浓度均对雌虫有明显的驱避效果。桂醇对雌虫有明显的驱避效果。这表明在高浓度时芳香物质对酪蝇成虫有驱避效果,在低浓度时对酪蝇成虫有引诱效果。     

四川西部丽蝇科4蝇种昼夜活动节律的研究

首次记录四川西部雅安市丽蝇科(Calliphoridae)4蝇种昼夜活动节律的初步研究,结果表明,蝇类这一具有白昼活动、夜间蛰伏的生物生态特性的昆虫群体,对光照度和光照时间表现出异常敏感的行为反应;在地理生态环境中,对于影响蝇类行为活动诸因素如气温、光照、晴、阴、雨等气候现象,文中予以讨论。     

Piophila megastigmata McAlpine 1978 (Diptera: Piophilidae): the first record from northern Africa of this forensically relevant fly

Piophila megastigmata McAlpine (Diptera: Piophilidae) is recorded for the first time from Algeria, northern Africa. This is the first Palaearctic record of the species outside the Iberian Peninsula, and the only record from Africa apart from its type locality in eastern South Africa. The current report extends significantly the known distribution in the Palaearctic Region of a species of forensic interest and of potential economic importance as a food pest.     

New piophilid in town: the first Palaearctic record of Piophila megastigmata and its coexistence with Piophila casei in central Spain

The genus Piophila Fallén (Diptera: Piophilidae) is known from only two species: Piophila casei (L.) is a major pest, a cosmopolitan species and is commonly used as a forensic indicator, whereas Piophila megastigmata McAlpine has until now only been recorded in a natural environment in South Africa. The present work reports the first occurrence of P. megastigmata in the Palaearctic region from specimens collected by carrion‐baited traps throughout different natural habitats of central Spain. Furthermore, the species was also collected with P. casei on corpses of domestic pigs used in a carrion succession study in a periurban habitat in central Spain. Both species occurred on carrion in different seasons, but P. megastigmata was more abundant than P. casei in autumn, arriving earlier at the carcasses and persisting for a longer period. The contrary pattern was observed in spring. The presence of P. megastigmata in different localities in central Spain and its coexistence with P. casei in a periurban habitat make it a potentially useful new tool for legal medicine in Europe; thus this species must be considered in forensic entomology studies.     

酪蝇蛹对其成虫的引诱效果

室内采用Y型嗅觉仪测定酪蝇蛹、蛹壳及蛹的正己烷提取液对酪蝇成虫的引诱效果.结果表明:酪蝇的蛹、蛹的正己烷提取液对雌、雄成虫有明显的引诱,随着蛹量的增加其对雄虫的引诱效果增加,对雌虫的引诱效果下降;提取液浓度为5～12.5头当量/mL时,对雌、雄成虫有明显的引诱效果,但在浓度为2.5头当量/mL时对雄虫有明显的驱避效果,雌性蛹壳对两性成虫有明显的引诱效果,而雄性蛹壳只对雄虫有明显的引诱效果,对雌虫有明显的驱避效果.     

Male emergence timing and mating success in the funnel-web spider,Agelena limbata (Araneae: Agelenidae)

Field observations on the relationship between male mating success and emergence timing in the funnel-web spider,Agelena limbata, were conducted.Agelena limbata is an annual species and adult males appear slightly earlier than adult females in July. As males deposit a copulatory plug at the female epigynum after copulation, copulation with virgin females is important to males. The number of copulations in males with virgin females, which strongly correlates with the longevity of males and the number of females that males courted, did not correlate with the emergence timing of males. Early emerged males and females were significantly larger in size than later ones, but the correlation coefficient between the emerged date and the cephalothorax width was not strong. Males that emerged earlier did not have any advantage in copulating with larger and more fecund females. Furthermore, virgin females first copulated on average 7.9 days after their final molt and the mortality rate of adult males increased after the final molt. These factors may favor the smaller degree of protandry in male emergence timing inA. limbata.     

Intranidal mating,emergence, and sex ratio in a communal beeAndrena jacobi Perkins 1921 (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)

The extent of preemergence intranidal mating, schedules of emergence, and sex ratio at emergence were documented forAndrena jacobi, a communal, univoltine bee, by collecting and dissecting adults as they emerged from their fossorial nests in 1994. Over 70% of females had mated intranidally with nestmate males, thus potentially incestuously, before emerging. Preemergence intranidal mating did not vary during a day or between nests within a day, though it was less frequent at the start and end of the period of emergence. It was independent of a female's size.A. jacobi was protandrous, though some males emerged after all females. The sex ratio at emergence was remarkably female biased, possibly a consequence of local mate competition. Intranidal mating may represent a characteristic trait of communal bees where a high density of receptive females are predictably aggregated within a nest.     

蜀柏毒蛾生殖行为及性信息素产生与释放节律

为了探索蜀柏毒蛾Parocneria orienta Chao性信息素产生和释放规律, 为利用性信息素监测和防治蜀柏毒蛾奠定基础, 本研究在野外及室内温度22±1℃、 相对湿度75%~80%、 光周期14L∶10D条件下观察研究了蜀柏毒蛾成虫的羽化、 求偶、 交尾、 产卵行为, 触角电位反应测定处女雌蛾性信息素产生与释放的时辰节律。结果表明： 蜀柏毒蛾羽化行为全天可见, 主要集中在1:00-5:00, 占总羽化量的44.94%, 7:30-11:00进行婚飞和交尾, 交尾高峰期出现在8:30左右, 交配时间少则2 h, 多则8 h, 求偶、 交配均发生在光期。随着日龄的增加, 召唤时间前移并且延长, 1日龄的处女雌蛾交尾时间较短; 雌蛾羽化当天就可交尾, 2日龄雌蛾交尾率最高, 达36.67%。雌蛾分多处产卵, 雌蛾一生最高产卵量达402粒, 最低产卵量为78粒。羽化当天的雌蛾体内性信息素含量较低, 第2天最高, 以后逐日下降; 2日龄蜀柏毒蛾处女雌蛾性信息素的产生量从7:00起逐渐增加, 8:30-9:30时最高, 9:30后逐渐减小。雄蛾对处女雌蛾腺体提取物的触角电位反应在8:30-9:00最强, 说明8:30-9:00是雌蛾产生和释放性信息素的高峰期。蜀柏毒蛾的羽化、 求偶、 交尾及性信息素的产生与释放存在一定的时辰节律, 野外处女雌蛾诱蛾试验证实了性信息素释放与交配行为在时辰节律上的一致性。