广西米虾属一新种

作者整理广西米虾属标本时发现一新种,兹描述如下。巴马米虾Caridina bamaensis,新种 体长12—18毫米。额角短,抵角膜后缘,上下缘均无齿。头胸甲为额角长的5—7倍,前侧角圆,无颊刺(图1,2)。第六腹节约为头胸甲长的0.34—0.43。尾节背面具5—6对活动刺;后端圆,具4对刺,外侧者稍粗;后缘正中背面有一三角形的突起(图3)。柄刺伸至第一触角柄第1节的末端附近。第三颚足伸至或稍超鳞片末端(图4)。     

中国鲎的胚胎发育

用人工授精子方法获取中国鲎的受精卵,室温下完成胚胎发育,实验结果表明：（1）中国鲎成熟卵为黄色或浅黄色,卵经2．7－3.5mm,扫描电镜下厚而韧的卵壳上有许多大小不同的微孔,精子头部椭圆形,具一盘状顶体囊,尾呈鞭毛状,（2）中国鲎的胚胎发育可分为卵裂期,囊胚期,原肠胚形成期,附肢原基形成期,组织分化期和快速生长期,从受精到孵三叶幼体约需55d。（3）中国鲎胚胎发育具有发育期长,个体差异大,部分胚胎发生滞育等特点.     

福建沼虾属二新种

1975年,我们在福建省收集到许多淡水虾的标本,发现沼虾属有二个新种,记述于下。福建沼虾Macrobrachium fukienense,新种 额角上缘稍隆起,末端超出第一触角柄,上缘具7或8齿,基部1—2齿位于眼眶后方的头胸甲上;下缘凸,具2(少数仅1)齿。头胸甲具颗粒状突起,雄性尤为显著(图1),腹部的颗粒小而分散。尾节(图7)背面具2对背刺,后端呈尖刺状,后侧角具2对刺,中部具6—7对羽状刚毛,后缘的背面具5对细刚毛。 第一触角柄刺短于第1节的1/2,前例刺伸至第2节的中部,第2节稍短于第3节。鳞片(图 3)长约为宽的2.5—2.8倍。     

三疣梭子蟹胚胎发育过程中卵内幼体形态

三疣梭子蟹胚台发育过程中,卵内幼体共经历2期卵内无节幼体和3期卵内tao状幼体,各幼体期的主要特征表现为：第1期卵内无节幼体具小触角,大触角和大颚3对附肢,第2期卵内无节幼体除草1期的3对附肢外,2对小颚开始出现,腹部前端分节,第1期卵内tao状幼体阶段复眼先为棒状,继而变成月牙状,附肢5对,腹部分为6节,第2期卵内tao状幼体阶段2对颚足出现,复眼发育完全,卵黄蝶状,心脏开始跳动,到此阶段末期,附肢分节和分叉,第3期卵内tao状幼体阶段,各器官进一步发育,肌肉明显。     

圆尾鲎在我国的新纪录

鲎在我国只记载过一种,即中国鲎,又叫三刺鲎Tachypleus tridentatus Leach。笔者于1983年4月11日、1985年6月15日、12月7日和1986年5月9日在广西北海市地角镇及高德多附近浅海采得一种鲎,5♀♀15♂♂,经鉴定为圆尾鲎Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda Latreille。 该鲎在国外分布于东印度、马来西亚、越南、菲律宾群岛等地,在我国为首次纪录,标本保存在广西     

山口红树林保护区圆尾蝎鲎种群动态

鲎是珍贵的海洋“活化石”生物。本研究于2014—2020年在广西北海山口红树林生态自然保护区开展圆尾蝎鲎(Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)种群动态调查。总计观察到圆尾蝎鲎990只,种群数量呈现逐年下降趋势,其中第6个调查年相比第1个调查年下降94.60%,表明圆尾蝎鲎资源保护已势在必行;雄鲎占80.28%,雌鲎占17.50%。圆尾蝎鲎种群动态呈现显著季节规律性,种群数量与温度及北风和南风风向状态值(0和4)呈显著正相关,显示出滨海风向标生物特征。本研究揭示了圆尾蝎鲎种群动态及其影响因素,为保护区鲎资源保护提供参考依据。     

中国鲎和圆尾鲎血淋巴细胞分类和特征的比较研究

为了更好地了解中国鲎(Tachpleus tridentatus)和圆尾鲎(Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)血淋巴细胞的种类组成和特征差异,综合运用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和粒度仪,较为系统地对两种鲎的血淋巴细胞进行了分类和特征研究,从而为两种鲎的血淋巴细胞和分子生物学研究提供基础资料。根据血淋巴细胞大小、核质比、细胞着色特点、细胞中颗粒存在与否、颗粒的密集程度等,中国鲎和圆尾鲎的血淋巴细胞均可分为大颗粒细胞、小颗粒细胞和透明细胞三种主要类型,且两种鲎的血淋巴细胞均以颗粒细胞为主,透明细胞在血淋巴细胞中所占比例最小,但具有高核质比。两种鲎的同类血淋巴细胞在染色和形态上无显著性差异,但在同一种鲎中,血淋巴细胞密度存在显著的雌雄差异。       

东方鱼虱的生活史

1.从非洲鲫鱼的鱼体上和对成熟卵囊的短期培养,获得了东方鱼虱的幼虫和成虫的各期标本,共发现无节幼体二期,桡足幼体一期,附着幼体五期,以后即为成虫期。 2.第一无节幼体有三对附肢和一对尾叉,三对附肢除第一对为单肢型外,其余均为双肢型。后期无节幼体身体增长,体内已孕育着下一期幼体的分节和一些附肢。 3.桡足幼体这期出现了变态,身体分节,可分头胸、胸、腹三部分,呈剑水蚤型。头胸部有下列几对附肢:第一触角、第二触角、大颚、第一小颚、第二小颚、第一颚足、第二颚足和第一对游泳足。胸部有三个自由胸节,前二节各着生一对附肢,即第二、三对游泳足。第一、二对游泳足为双肢型,第三对游泳足为一突起具1长1短二根刚毛。额丝盘曲在头胸部腹面前部。腹部一节,尾叉一对,尾刚毛5根。 4.附着幼体期,是虫体放出额丝营吸附生活的时期。头胸甲逐渐扩大,胸部的第一自由胸节,逐渐与头胸甲愈合,第二自由胸节逐渐缩小,第三自由胸节逐渐膨大成为生殖节。第四期附着幼体,即出现了雌雄性的区别。雄性的生殖器官要比雌性的成熟得早,第五期 附着幼体,雄性已成熟,而雌性尚未完全成熟,交配是在第五期附着幼体蜕皮后,这时的雌雄性,均可营寄生生活或作短期自由游泳。雌雄两性的主要区别,在第二触角、第二小颚、第二颚足、生     

中国鲎成体血细胞的发生

应用透射电镜技术研究中国鲎成体血细胞发生。成体鲎血细胞于与生殖细胞发生相邻部位的结缔组织,其间以基膜为界。血细胞发生可分为原始血细胞、浆细胞和颗粒细胞３个阶段。在雄体,在雄体,血细胞在由基膜形成的网状结构中发育,并以此为界与生精小管相邻。早期原始血细胞核以常染色质为主,异染色质仅在晚原始血细胞核内边缘出现,胞质充满小不一的膜囊。浆细胞比原始血细胞大,细胞及核的形状多样,核异染色质呈粗网状分布,胞质     

长臂虾亚科的新种和新记录(甲壳纲:十足目)

最近,我们在整理长臂虾亚科的标本时,发现沼虾属2新种和拟瘦虾属一新记录——谭氏拟瘦虾 Lcandrites deschampsi (Nobili),拟瘦虾属的成员也是首次发现于中国。现记述如下。 额角发达,上下缘均具齿,在上缘齿间具一单行毛,下缘具一双行毛,覆盖在下缘的两边。头胸甲具触角刺和鳃甲刺。鳃甲刺后移,远离头胸甲的前缘,没有鳃甲沟。大颚无     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.