小麦幼苗耐热性的QTL定位分析

以小麦DH群体(‘旱选10号’ב鲁麦14’)为材料,在高温(热胁迫)及常温(对照)两种条件下考察小麦幼苗的根干重、苗干重、幼苗生物量、叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数及其耐热指数,并应用基于混合线性模型的复合区间作图法分析幼苗性状及其耐热指数QTL的数量、染色体分布及表达情况,以及QTL与环境的互作效应。结果显示:(1)亲本‘旱选10号’的耐热性明显优于‘鲁麦14’,且杂交后代的耐热性出现超亲分离。(2)控制幼苗耐热相关性状的QTL位点在染色体2D、6B、3A、4A、5A和7A上分布较多,而控制幼苗性状耐热指数的QTL在染色体6A、6B、3A、2D、5A和7A上分布较多,QTL位点在染色体上的分布有区域化的趋势。(3)控制幼苗性状的单个加性QTL和上位性QTL解释的表型变异分别平均为2.48%和2.65%;而控制耐热指数的单个加性QTL和上位性QTL解释的表型变异分别平均为8.84%和1.98%。(4)在热胁迫和对照条件下共检测到与幼苗性状及其耐热指数有关的加性效应QTL 13个和上位性效应QTL 28对,分布在除4D和6D以外的19条染色体上。研究表明,控制幼苗性状的QTL以上位性效应为主,而其耐热指数的QTL以加性效应为主。     

Identification of Genomic Regions Associated with Agronomical Traits of Bread Wheat Under Two Levels of Salinity Using GWAS

Plant Molecular Biology Reporter - Soil salinity is a major environmental stress that adversely affects the growth, development, productivity, and quality of crop species, in particular, in arid...     

小麦耐盐种质的筛选鉴定和耐盐基因的标记

通过对 40 0份材料的芽期、苗期鉴定 ,筛选出 11份耐盐性较强的普通小麦 (TriticumaestivumL .)、小麦和黑麦 (SecalecerealeL .)、小麦和延安赖草 (Leymuschinensis (Trin .)Tzvel.)杂交后代材料 ,其中耐盐性突出的材料有 :普通小麦品种“红蚂蚱”、“科遗 2 6”、“希望”(Hope) ;小麦与黑麦杂交后代材料 98_46、98_113、98_131;小麦与延安赖草杂交后代材料 98_16 0、98_16 1、98_16 3。耐盐性表现最突出的材料是 98_113和 98_16 0。细胞学鉴定和原位杂交及醇溶蛋白酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (A_PAGE)分析和低分子量谷蛋白SDS_PAGE分析 ,证明 98_113是稳定的小麦 黑麦二体附加系 ,但具体附加的是黑麦的哪条染色体还不清楚 ;98_131是小麦 黑麦 1B/ 1R易位系。结合其他 1B/ 1R材料的耐盐表现 ,提出了黑麦 1R染色体短臂上存在耐盐基因的可能性。对 (98_16 0×BanacakaMska)F2 代分离群体苗期抗盐鉴定分析 ,表明在这一杂交组合中的耐盐性状可能由一个主效基因控制。应用SSR标记技术 ,筛选到了与 98_16 0耐盐性状连锁的SSR标记WMS6 7和WMS2 13,它们与耐盐基因的遗传距离分别为 13.9cM (centMorgan)和 31.0cM。结合小麦SSR图谱分析 ,将该主效抗性基因定位在 5BL上。     

AFLP-Based Genetic Diversity and Its Comparison with Diversity Based on SSR, SAMPL, and Phenotypic Traits in Bread Wheat

Data on AFLP (eight primer pairs) and 14 phenotypic traits, collected on 55 elite and exotic bread wheat genotypes, were utilized for estimations of genetic diversity. We earlier used these 55 genotypes for a similar study using SSRs and SAMPL. As many as 615 scorable AFLP bands visualized included 287 (46.6%) polymorphic bands. The phenotypic traits included yield and its component traits, as well as physiomorphological traits like flag leaf area. Dendrograms were prepared using cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficients in case of AFLP and on squared Euclidean distances in case of phenotypic traits. PCA was conducted using AFLP data and a PCA plot was prepared, which was compared with clustering patterns in two dendrograms, one each for AFLP and phenotypic traits. The results were also compared with published results that included studies conducted elsewhere using entirely different wheat germplasm and our own SSR and SAMPL studies based on the same 55 genotypes used in the present study. It was shown that molecular markers are superior to phenotypic traits and that AFLP and SAMPL are superior to other molecular markers for estimation of genetic diversity. On the basis of AFLP analysis and keeping in view the yield performance and stability, a pair of genotypes (E3876 and E677) was recommended for hybridization in order to develop superior cultivars.     

基于SSR标记的山东省小麦DNA指纹图谱的构建

本文以山东省41份小麦种质资源为材料,使用46对引物,通过SSR技术对其进行了DNA指纹数据库的构建。结果显示,所采用的46对引物在本实验材料中共检测到69个等位基因,有较好的多态性。利用NTSYS进行UPGMA聚类分析后,发现这41种材料在遗传相似系数0.68为阀值处可以分为3个类群。实验证明该方法能够分辨各个种质间的亲缘关系,能够较好满足小麦DNA指纹数据库的构建要求,对山东省小麦遗传资源的收集、保存、分类、评价、核心种质的建立等研究工作提供理论依据。     

与杨树木材密度、纤维性状相关的SSR分子标记

通过对美洲黑杨 (Populusdeltoides)×青杨 (P .cathayana)的 68个F2 、双亲及其 4个F1无性系田间随机区组设计 ,5次重复 ,分析了与木材材性有关的木材密度、纤维长、纤维宽以及微纤丝角等性状。结果表明 :纤维长有明显的杂种优势 ,控制该性状表现的基因之间具有正效应的互作 ;控制木材基本密度的基因之间具有负效应的互作。结合SSR分子标记结果 ,采用单因素方差分析法进行标记与性状的相关分析 ,共找到与木材密度、纤维长、纤维宽以及微纤丝角相关联的标记分别为 5、7、4、2个 ;青杨在这 4个材性性状方面也具有对性状起贡献的标记 ,如与木材密度相关的PMGC2 873 1(贡献率 4 88% )标记 ,与纤维长相关的PMGC456 3 (贡献率 2 2 96% )、PMGC2 70 2 2 (贡献率9 17% )标记 ,与纤维宽相关的PMGC2 40 8 1(贡献率 7 18% )标记 ,与微纤丝角相关PMGC2 52 5 1(贡献率 16 59% )标记 ,在育种中如果能正确加以利用 ,也可起到一定的材性改良作用     

小麦耐热性鉴定方法及热胁迫应答机理研究进展

小麦是全球最重要的粮食作物之一,高温特别是开花期和灌浆期的高温胁迫严重影响小麦的产量和品质。本文从直接鉴定法和间接鉴定法两个方面提出了小麦耐热性的评价指标;分析了在高温胁迫下温度信号的感知和传递以及植物对高温的响应机理;从传统育种方法和基因工程策略两个方向综述了小麦耐热性培育的研究进展。最后总结了提高小麦耐热性的措施及存在的问题,并提出了今后小麦耐热性研究展望。     

糯玉米种质品质性状鉴定和SSR标记遗传多样性分析

对165份来源不同的糯玉米农家种和自交系的穗粒性状和淀粉品质性状进行了鉴定,并利用60对SSR标记进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,165份糯玉米种质穗长、秃顶长、行数、行粒数和穗粗变异较大,粗淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量和淀粉糊化特性RVA特征谱带值各指标变异丰富。60 对SSR引物在165份材料间共检测到281个等位基因变异,PCR扩增片段大小介于90～690bp,每对引物检测到2～9个等位基因,平均为4.68个;每对SSR 引物的多态信息量( PIC) 在0.332～0. 860之间,平均为0. 690。利用UPGMA 聚类分析方法将供试种质自交系分为3类,划分结果基本符合品系的来源情况,生产应用的多数糯玉米自交系材料与我国西南地区糯玉米地方品种材料具有较远的亲缘关系。显示出165份糯玉米种质具有丰富的遗传多样性,可为糯玉米杂优利用和遗传改良提供遗传基础。     

Association of SSR Markers with Cold Tolerance Traits in Diverse Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] Accessions

Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is a perennial and typical warm-season grass. It undergoes withering and severe damage under cold stress; thus, cold is considered as a key factor that restricts the widespread use in bermudagrass. Identification of association between molecular markers and cold tolerance-related traits would facilitate the efficient selection of cold tolerant bermudagrass cultivars. A total of 106 diverse bermudagrass accessions, including 4 commercial cultivars and 102 wild germplasms, were tested for cold tolerance and analyzed by 104 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Cold significantly decreased transpiration rate, growth rate and turf quality. There were significant variations in these trait values among the accessions under cold conditions. Two subpopulations were detected in the panel of accessions based on the analysis of 1474 alleles with 104 SSR markers. Clustering analysis revealed that the genetic relationship was affected by the natural habitats. Thirty-four SSR markers were identified to be associated with two or three traits based on the corrected P values (P < 3.5 × 10⁻⁴). These markers can be used for genetic improvement of cold tolerance of bermudagrass after further validation.

     

豌豆种质表型性状SSR标记关联分析

关联分析是以连锁不平衡原理为基础,鉴定某一群体内表型性状与遗传标记或候选基因间关系的遗传分析方法。本研究利用59个多态性SSR标记,对192份豌豆种质进行全基因组扫描,以分析SSR位点遗传多样性,寻找其连锁不平衡位点;采用TASSEL软件的一般线性模型,利用59个SSR标记对19个形态性状进行关联分析。结果显示SSR位点间有较高的多态性和一定程度的连锁不平衡,共检测出32个SSR标记位点与14个表形性状相关联,一些SSR标记与2个或多个形态性状相关联。     

小麦耐盐基因的标记和标记的克隆

普通小麦（Triticum aesticum L）耐盐农家品种茶淀红与盐敏感品种农大85021杂交,对杂交后代141株F2分离个体进行耐盐性鉴定。通过遗传分析和卡方检验证实小麦耐盐农家品种茶淀红含有一个主效耐盐基因,杂交后代符合1:2:1的分离规律。依据混合群体分组分析法（Bulked Segregate Analysis,BSA）建立耐盐基因池和盐敏感基因池,通过RAPD实验,从520个引物中筛选出了一个在两池间具有多态性的引物OPZ09,用双亲、F1、F2单株DNA进行RAPD实验证明了该引物扩增出的特异性片段OPZ09-590是一个与茶淀红耐盐基因连锁的RAPD标记,用JOINMAP Version1.4计算基因与标记间的重组值为5.674%,连锁距离为6.557cM。从琼脂糖凝胶回收OPZ09-590与载体pUCm-T连接,并转入受体菌JM109,对克隆片段测序表明其实际大小为591bp,故此小麦茶淀红耐盐基因的RAPD标记为OPZ09-591。     

春小麦千粒重相关性状的QTL定位及其耐热性分析

春小麦灌浆中后期正逢高温天气,适于发掘与耐高温相关的QTL.本研究利用春小麦Avocet/Sujata重组自交系群体,自2016-2018年在石家庄藁城区和天津两地4个环境下种植,进行千粒重(TKW)、粒长(KL)和粒宽(KW)等性状QTL定位,探讨这些QTL与灌浆期高温和品种适应性的关系.结果显示:在4个环境下共检测...     

SSR Marker Association with Variation of Stomatal Guard Cell Length in Bread Wheat

The aim of the present study was to identify associations between allelic variants of microsatellite markers (SSRs) and genetic polymorphism with regard to “stomatal guard cell length” (SGCL) trait in a population of recombinant-inbred lines (RILs) of bread winter wheat. Cytological analysis of SGCL in leaf epidermis, polymerase chain reaction, and statistical calculations were performed in accordance with conventional procedures. Genetic diversity related to the SGCL trait was detected in an F₇ Luzanivka odes’ka/Odes’ka chervonokolosa wheat RIL population. A significant effect of allelic differences in SSR loci in the four triple combinations of microsatellite loci on SGCL variation was demonstrated.     

小麦耐低磷相关性状的全基因组关联分析

通过对小麦耐低磷相关性状进行全基因组关联分析(GWAS,genome-wide association study),挖掘与小麦耐低磷性显著相关的单核苷酸多态性标记(SNP,single nucleotide polymorphism)位点及候选基因,为小麦耐低磷性状的遗传基础和分子机制研究提供理论参考。本试验以198份黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)为试验材料,设置低磷和正常磷营养液水培试验,利用小麦35K芯片对分布于小麦全基因组的11896个SNP,采用Q+K关联模型对小麦耐低磷性相关性状进行关联分析。结果表明,小麦耐低磷性状表现出广泛的表型变异,变异系数为15.65%~26.59%,多态性信息含量(PIC,polymorphic information content)为0.095~0.500。群体结构分析表明,试验所用自然群体可分为2个亚群,GWAS共检测到67个与小麦耐低磷相关性状显著关联的SNP位点(P≤0.001),这些位点分布在除3A、3B和3D以外的18条染色体上,单个SNP位点可解释5.826%~9.552%的表型变异。在这些显著位点中有4个SNP位点同时关联到了2个不同的耐低磷性状。对67个SNP位点进行发掘,筛选到7个可能与小麦耐低磷性有关的候选基因。TraesCS6A02G001000和TraesCS6A02G001100在锌指合成中有重要作用;TraesCS6A02G118100可能为低磷胁迫诱导基因;TraesCS5D02G536400、TraesCS1B02G154200和TraesCS5D02G536500与低磷胁迫相关酶类基因家族有关;TraesCS1D02G231200与植物DUF 538结构域蛋白有关,是植物胁迫相关调控蛋白候选基因。     

Retrotransposon Insertional Polymorphism in Iranian Bread Wheat Cultivars and Breeding Lines Revealed by IRAP and REMAP Markers

Inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphisms (IRAPs) and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphisms (REMAPs) were used to detect retrotransposon integration events and genetic diversity in 101 Iranian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and breeding lines. The 9 IRAP primers amplified 128 loci, and 20 REMAP primers amplified 263 loci. Percentage of polymorphic loci, average expected heterozygosity, number of effective alleles, and Shannon’s information index for the REMAP markers were slightly higher than those for the IRAP markers. The same estimated parameters calculated for native and nonnative retrotransposons were not considerably different. A Mantel test between IRAP and REMAP cophenetic matrices evidenced no significant correlation. Cluster analysis based on the Dice similarity coefficient and complete linkage algorithm using IRAP+REMAP loci identified five groups among the genotypes studied that could be applied as crossing parents in T. aestivum breeding programs.     

利用重组自交系和SSR标记进行陆地棉株型QTL的鉴定和定位

通过中棉所12与8891的杂交及多代自交,获得由180个家系构成的重组自交系F8、F9群体。重组自交系群体、两亲本及F1于2002、2003两年种植;对株型性状进行了研究,两年共调查了10个株型形状。利用该重组自交系群体,采用SSR为主体的分子标记构建了遗传连锁图,并对株型性状进行了单位点和双位点水平的QTL定位。结果表明,QTL加性效应和上位性互作效应作为棉花重组自交系株型性状的遗传基础起着重要作用;中棉所12与8891间多态性位点偏少,而表型差异较大且其杂交种湘杂棉二号有很强的杂种优势,QTL互作可部分解释这一现象：结合对产量品质性状的研究结果,认为上位性可能是湘杂棉二号杂种优势的重要遗传基础。