Ag85A真核表达重组体的构建及稳定转染细胞系的建立

构建结核杆菌抗原85A（AgS5A）的真核表达重组体,转染L929细胞,建立稳定转染细胞系。从质粒V1 Jns．tPA—Ag85A中经PCR扩增出Ag85A基因,利用DNA重组技术将其插入到真核表达载体peDNA3．1／myc—HisA中,经酶切和测序鉴定后,脂质体转染法转染L929细胞,通过G418选择培养,建立稳定转染细胞系,Western Blot检测Ag85A的表达。成功构建pcDNA3．1／mye—HisA—Ag85A真核表达载体并稳定转染L929细胞,成功表达了目的基因。为进一步研究Ag85ADNA疫苗对结核杆菌的免疫防护作用奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌Ag85A DNA的克隆与原核表达

抗原85(Ag85)复合体是BCG合成分泌的可刺激机体产生细胞免疫和体液免疫应答。Ag85A是抗原85复合体组成成分之一,可显著刺激细胞免疫功能增强。研究构建了高效表达的pTrcHisB-Ag85A基因重组质粒,并将其转化至大肠埃希菌TOP10中进行重组蛋白的表达,筛选转化物,SDS-PAGE进行蛋白表达的分子量检测,并通过Western Blotting方法,应用抗Ag85A的单克隆抗体进一步确认重组Ag85A蛋白的表达,建立了Ag85A的原核表达体系,为进一步制备出有效的重组Ag85A疫苗奠定基础。     

口服脂质体包裹Ag85A DNA疫苗诱导抗体的产生

制备脂质体包裹的Ag85A口服DNA疫苗,并观察小鼠口服后所诱生的抗体产生情况。用脂质体包襄重组质粒pcDNA3．1／mye—HisA—Ag85A制备口服DNA疫苗,并用脂质体包裹空质粒pcDNA3．1／myc—HisA作为对照。将C57BL／6小鼠随机分为3组,即生理盐水组、空质粒组和重组质粒DNA疫苗组。分别将生理盐水、空质粒和重组质粒DNA疫苗以灌胃方式投给各组小鼠,共免疫3次,每次间隔14d,末次免疫后14d处死小鼠,ELISA法检测血清中Ag85A特异性抗体水平,放射免疫法测定肠组织中分泌型IgA（sIgA）含量。重组质粒组血清中Ag85A特异性抗体滴度为1：160,空质粒组和生理盐水组血清中均未捡出Ag85A特异性抗体。重组质粒组肠组织中slgA含量（0．3761±0．0456）μg／mL较空质粒组（0．2374±0．0414）μg／mL和生理盐水（0．1993±0．0899）μg／mL组显著增高（P〈0．05）,而空质粒组和生理盐水组未见有意义的变化（P〉0．05）。口服脂质体包裹Ag85ADNA疫苗可诱导外周特异性抗体的产生和肠道黏膜局部sIgA的水平的升高。     

真核表达编码Ag85A基因重组体的构建

抗原85复合体（Ag85）是BCG合成的能够刺激机体产生细胞免疫和体液免疫的多种成分之一,Ag85A是抗原85复合体组成成分之一,可显著刺激细胞免疫功能增强。为研究经口接种Ag85A的DNA疫苗的免疫效应,根据结核分枝杆菌Ag85A的基因序列自行设计了一对PCR引物,以人型结核杆菌H37Rv标准毒力株的DNA为模板,经过PCR扩增出Ag85A目的基因,纯化PCR产物TA克隆入载体pUCm-T载体,蓝白斑筛选将回收的PCR产物用限制性核酸内切酶Xhol和BamHI双酶酶切后,经T4DNA连接酶作用,与真核表达载体pCDNA3．1^＋连接,筛选得到的阳性克隆经DNA测序鉴定证实为Ag85A基因,且被克隆到载体pCDNA3．1^＋中的CMV启动子的下游,成功构建并鉴定的真核表达载体pCDNA3．1^＋携带Ag85A基因的重组体,命名为pCDNA3．1^＋／Ag85A。将其转化大肠埃希菌并使之大量扩增,并采用无内毒素提取质粒方法收集此重组质粒DNA．即为可经口途径喂饲小鼠的结核杆菌Ag85A的DNA疫苗,为口服DNA疫苗的临床应用研究奠定基础。     

Ag85ADNA疫苗对荷瘤鼠Th1细胞免疫功能的影响

为了探讨肌肉注射Ag85A DNA疫苗能否在肿瘤宿主,一个低细胞免疫应答的机体内激发Th1型细胞免疫应答,将6~8周龄BALB/c雌性小鼠随机分成实验组(Ag85A-V1Jns.tPA组),空质粒组(V1Jns.tPA组)和生理盐水组3组,将生长旺盛的Meth-A细胞接种于各组小鼠右侧背部皮下,每只小鼠2×105个细胞,1d后于小鼠大腿肌肉内分别注射100μL Ag85A-V1Jns.tPA(1 g/L),V1Jns.tPA(1 g/L)或生理盐水。每10 d 1次,共3次,于末次注射后第8 d,无菌取脾,分离细胞进行培养。检测NK细胞活性以及脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ含量。结果显示:实验组平均NK细胞杀伤率以及脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ含量较空质粒组和生理盐水组均显著增高,而空质粒组和生理盐水组之间未见有意义的变化。提示肌肉注射Ag85A DNA疫苗可以提高Meth-A纤维肉瘤荷瘤小鼠Th1细胞免疫功能。     

Novel structural variation of silver(I)-pyridine complexes in nitromethane as studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

The XAFS spectra were measured at around the Ag K-edge of the Ag(I) ion in nitromethane (NM) with a variety of concentrations of pyridine (PY). In NM without PY, the Ag(I) ion is tetrahedrally solvated by four NM molecules similar to those in most solvents. The Ag-O bond length in NM solvent is longer than that in aqueous solution, indicating the low donating ability of NM. The mono-, bis-, tris-, and tetrakis-pyridine complexes are formed in NM by the addition of PY. The EXAFS analyses reveal that the structure of the formed PY complex in NM is linear for Ag(py)(nm)⁺, linear for , triangular for , and tetrahedral for . The longer Ag-O bond length for Ag(py)(nm)⁺ than that for and the release of bound NM molecules at the formation of Ag(py)(nm)⁺ are interpreted to be due to the strong σ donating property of PY. The Ag-N bond length (220 pm) for is intermediate between 216 pm for and 228 pm for . The formation equilibria of and are analyzed on the basis of the changeover of EXAFS spectra as a function of the total concentrations of Ag⁺ and PY in NM.     

共表达结核杆菌Ag85A-ESAT-6融合抗原与IL-21核酸疫苗的构建及免疫效果研究

目的：构建结核杆菌Ag85A-ESAT-6融合抗原与细胞因子IL-21共表达核酸疫苗pIRES-IL-21-Ag85A-ESAT-6,研究其对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：用PCR方法分别扩增出Ag85A和IL-21编码基因,并先后插入质粒pIRES-ESAT-6中,构成共表达核酸疫苗pIRES-IL-21-Ag85A-ESAT-6;免疫小鼠后,通过CTL和NK细胞杀伤活性和脾细胞增殖试验,以及小鼠血清抗体、IFN-γ和IL-4的检测,评价该核酸疫苗的免疫效果。结果：pIRES-IL-21-Ag85A-ESAT-6核酸疫苗免疫鼠的CTL活性、脾细胞增殖反应、IFN-γ水平及血清抗体产生明显高于对照组,差异有显著性意义。结论：pIRES-IL-21-Ag85A-ESAT-6核酸疫苗能够诱导小鼠产生有效的免疫反应,可作为新型结核疫苗的候选组分。     

The Wag31 protein interacts with AccA3 and coordinates cell wall lipid permeability and lipophilic drug resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, especially drug resistant tuberculosis, is a serious threat to global human health. Compared with other bacterial pathogens, M. tuberculosis gains stronger natural drug resistance from its unusually lipid-rich cell wall. As a DivIVA homolog, Wag31 has been demonstrated to be closely involved in peptidoglycan synthesis, cell growth and cell division. Previous research rarely investigated the role of Wag31 in drug resistance. In this study, we found Wag31 knock-down in Mycobacterium smegmatis resulted in a co-decrease of the resistance to four lipophilic drugs (rifampicin, novobiocin, erythromycin and clofazimine) and an increase in the cell permeability to lipophilic molecules. Six proteins (AccA3, AccD4 and AccD5, Fas, InhA and MmpL3) that are involved in fatty acid and mycolic acid synthesis were identified in the Wag31 interactome through Co-Immunoprecipitation. The Wag31–AccA3 interaction was confirmed by the pull-down assay. AccA3 overexpression resulted in a decrease in lipid permeability and an increase in the resistance of rifampicin and novobiocin. It confirmed the close relationship of lipophilic drug resistance, lipid permeability and the Wag31–AccA3 interaction. These results demonstrated that Wag31 maintained the resistance to lipophilic drugs and that Wag31 could play a role in controlling the lipid permeability of the cell wall through the Wag31–AccA3 interaction.     

聚赖氨酸溴化氢结合物的表面增强拉曼光谱

银溶胶对聚赖氨酸溴化氢结合物(PLys—HBr)表现出极大表面增强拉曼(SER)效应。同PLyS—HBr的普通拉曼光谱相比,表面增强因子提高达6个数量级。实验表明,NH_3~+基是银表面增强效应的强活性基团。但是在相同条件下,聚谷氨酸钠(PGA—Na)在银溶胶中不能获得SER光谱,这可能是由于空间障碍或者COO~-基的活性不如NH_3~+基。     

快速检测成人腹泻轮状病毒(ADRV)抗原和抗体的研究

本文报道应用反相间接血凝和间接血凝试验技术快速检测ADRV抗原和抗体,一般在60分钟左右作出诊断。用ELISA方法和协同凝集试验作对照,结果一致。本实验与其它肠道病毒不发生交叉凝集反应,与菌痢、肠炎病人粪便和正常人粪便标本也不发生非特异性反应。实验准确可靠。本实验用间接血凝试验技术快速检测了ADRV抗体,观察了流行性腹泻病人血清中ADRV抗体持续时间。发现流行性腹泻患者发病后ADRV抗体存在半年以上,八个月有不同程度的下降,流行地区的健康人的ADRV抗体水平占33％左右,非流行地区正常人的ADRV抗体占11.3％左右。并用血凝抑制试验检测ADRV抗体,与小儿轮状病毒抗体无交叉反应。本试验对流行性腹泻的流行病学研究和临床诊断具有实用意义。     

Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial activities of meso silver(I) histidinate [Ag2(D-his)(L-his)]n (Hhis = histidine) showing different self-assembly from those of chiral silver(I) histidinates

An achiral coordination polymer, [Ag₂(D-his)(L-his)]_n, DL-1 (Hhis = histidine), was prepared by slow diffusion of two aqueous solutions of chiral complexes, {[Ag(D-his)]₂}_n (D-2) and {[Ag(L-his)]₂}_n (L-2).¹ The crystal structure of DL-1 consists of a linkage of meso-form dimer units through two kinds of Ag?Ag contacts. Crystals of the achiral silver(I) histidinate complex DL-1 exhibited different self-assembly from those of chiral helical polymers (D-3 and L-3). The formation of DL-1 from the two aqueous solutions indicated that ligand exchange around silver(I) atoms took place in water. The antimicrobial activities of DL-1 against selected bacteria, yeasts and molds were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).     

Determination of total silver and silver species in coastal seawater by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry after batch sorption experiments with Chelex-100 resin

Abstract

Sorption experiments in batch mode with Chelex-100 resin have been carried out for the determination of total Ag, labile and inert fractions in seawater from Ria de Vigo (NE Atlantic ocean) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method allows an accurate determination of the total Ag thus avoiding the effect of the saline matrix when direct determination by ICP-MS is performed. Similarly, the distribution patterns of Ag among species with different lability can be established in seawater as a function of pH. Species distribution and total Ag contents have been obtained in CRM CASS-4 (near shore seawater) and four coastal seawater samples. While the free silver ion concentration accounts for a significant fraction at low pH, the labile inorganic fraction is most important at natural pH (≈8) in non-polluted seawater. The inert and labile organic fractions were the most relevant in polluted coastal seawater. Complexation mechanisms of silver were also investigated from the sorption curves of silver on Chelex-100 according to the Gibbs-Donnan model. Two complexes were formed, AgL and AgL₂ with the following intrinsic complexation constants log β_(1np) = ?2.11 and ?10.02, respectively. The formation of the complex AgL predominates up to pH 4 but is negligible due to chloride ions effect, while the complex AgL₂ predominates from pH 4.     

Synthesis of trehalose-based compounds and their inhibitory activities against Mycobacterium smegmatis

The synthesis of a library of trehalose-based compounds has been accomplished, and their activities against Mycobacterium smegmatis have been determined. A preliminary structure–activity relationship (SAR) is reported. Despite not having a potent lead, one of the trehalose derivatives displays strong activity when applied with isoniazid (INH), which is known to have low sterilizing activity. The bacteriocidal nature of our compounds against Mycobacterium may be significant for the development of new therapies against tuberculosis.     

Early Response of Willow to Increasing Silver Concentration Exposure

This is a preliminary hydroponic study to test willow sensitivity to silver nitrate, a highly toxic chemical compound. We grew willow cuttings for a period of three weeks in the presence of increasing AgNO₃ concentrations and assessed the response in terms of growth and physiology. We found that AgNO₃ is generally extremely harmful to willow. AgNO₃ concentration as high as 0.027 μM may result in a significant reduction of biomass productivity and a decrease in stomatal conductance over the first week of exposure. However, willows seem able to adapt to high AgNO₃ concentrations on a longer timeline.     

玉斑锦蛇的染色体组型与Ag—NORs

本文研究的玉斑锦蛇２ｎ＝３８（６Ｍ＋２ＳＭ＋２ＳＴ＋４Ｔ＋２２ｍ＋ＺＷ）,ＮＦ＝５０,Ｎｏ,４为性染色体。ＮＯＲｓ位于Ｎｏ．２长臂末端区,呈现异态。     

Differential immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA vaccines expressing proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a mouse model

BALB/c mice were vaccinated three times (2-week intervals) with plasmid DNA separately encoding antigen Ag85B, ESAT-6 or Ag85A from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The protective efficacy of these DNA vaccines against intravenous M. tuberculosis H37Rv challenge infection was measured by counting bacterial loads in spleen and lung and recording changes in lung pathology. The splenocyte proliferative response to the corresponding antigens and antigen-specific interferon (IFN)-γ secreted by splenocytes of the vaccinated mice were also detected. We found a clear hierarchy of protective efficacies among the three DNA vaccines tested in this study. Plasmid DNA encoding Ag85A provided the strongest protection and showed the least change in lung pathology, followed by plasmid DNAs encoding Ag85B and ESAT-6. However, DNA-85B reduced comparative bacterial load in lung tissue, as did DNA-85A. Compared to the control group, protective efficacies conferred by different DNA vaccines were consistent with the lymphoproliferative responses to the corresponding antigens as well as the secretions of antigen-specific IFN-γ. Our study demonstrates that both Ag85A and Ag85B are the most promising of the candidate antigens tested for future TB vaccine development.     

结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白Ag85B、Hsp16.3和ESAT6在血清学检测中 的初步应用

目的:探讨结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白Hsp16.3、Ag85B以及融合蛋白ESAT6-CFP10、Ag85B-Hsp16.3和Ag85B-ESAT6用于TB病人血清学检测的意义。方法:将已构建的含5种目的基因的表达载体(pProEXHTb-Hsp16.3、pProEXHTa-Ag85B、pProEXHTb-ESAT6-CFP10、pProEXHTa-Ag85B-Hsp16.3、pProEXHTa-Ag85B-ESAT6),分别转入宿主菌E.coli DH5α中,诱导表达后分别获得Hsp16.3、Ag85B、ESAT6-CFP10、Ag85B-Hsp16.3和Ag85B-ESAT6五种蛋白,采用Ni2+亲和层析柱进行纯化,并用透析方法进行目的蛋白的复性。将经过复性的5种蛋白分别作为抗原,采用间接ELISA方法检测待测的血清样本,经OPD显色,测定各孔OD490值并判定结果。结果:五种蛋白被成功纯化并复性,通过ELISA方法共检测了22例TB病人血清、10例非结核病人血清和6例正常对照血清,Hsp16.3、Ag85B、ESAT6-CFP10、Ag85B-Hsp16.3和Ag85B-ESAT6这5种抗原的灵敏度分别为36.4%、90.9%、77.3%、95.5%、100%,特异性分别为100%、75%、100%、93.8%、93.8%。统计分析显示,ESAT6-CFP10和Ag85B、Ag85B-Hsp16.3、Ag85B-ESAT6这三种蛋白ELISA检测的结果无差异,而与Hsp16.3和痰涂片检测结果有显著差异。结论:Ag85B-Hsp16.3和Ag85B-ESAT6可作为结核分枝杆菌ELISA检测的初选抗原。     

Physiology of acute silver toxicity in the starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) in seawater

Physiological effects of exposure to silver (AgCl_n ⁿ⁻¹; 250 μg Ag l⁻¹ or 1000 μg Ag l⁻¹) in seawater fish were investigated using adult starry flounders. While all fish survived up to 10 days in 250 μg Ag l⁻¹, flounders started to die after day 4 in 1000 μg l⁻¹. Dose-dependent increases in plasma and hepatic silver concentrations showed that silver was available for uptake. There were minimal negative effects on hematological parameters, acid-base status, and blood gases. Plasma ammonia showed a pronounced (three- to four-fold), but transient increase in flounders exposed to either 250 μg Ag l⁻¹ or 1000 μg Ag l⁻¹. Whole body ammonia and acid equivalent efflux measurements indicated that ammonia retention was due to a combination of stimulated production and inhibited excretion. In the 1000-μg Ag l⁻¹ group there was a similar transient increase in plasma [magnesium], which was restored by day 4. In contrast, plasma chloride and sodium levels increased gradually towards the point when fish began to die. At 250 μg Ag l⁻¹, the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity of the intestine was unaffected but there was a two-fold increase in branchial Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity. The latter effect was interpreted as compensation for an elevated chloride and sodium load. The increases in plasma chloride and sodium concentrations were accompanied by a marked suppression of drinking, thereby indicating that acute silver toxicity was likely caused by a combination of elevated electrolyte concentrations and dehydration. Accepted: 9 June 1999