Interconversion of gibberellin A20 to gibberellin A29 by etiolated seedlings and germinating seeds of dwarf Pisum sativum

Tritium labelled gibberellin A₂₀ ([³H]-GA₂₀) applied to etiolated shoots and germinating seeds of dwarf pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Meteor) was converted to gibberellin A₂₉. Identifications were made by GLRC and GC-MS.     

Conversion of gibberellin A14 to other gibberellins in seedlings of dwarf Pisum sativum

Gibberellin A₁₄-[17-³H] applied to seedlings of dark grown dwarf pea (Pisum sativum L. cy. Meteor) was converted to GA₁, GA₈, GA₁₈, GA₂₃, GA₂₈, and GA₃₈. The sequence of interconversion of GA₁₄→ GA₁₈ → GA₃₈ → GA₂₃ → GA₁ → GA₈ is indicated. Identifications were made by gas-liquid radiochromatography using three liquid stationary phases.     

Effect of gibberellins on growth of pea seedling internode

Elongation of internode segments of dwarf pea seedlings excised 4 mm below the plumular hook was stimulated by GA₃ but not by GA₁ or GA₅. However, all three gibberellins induced cell elongation in the region from which this segment was isolated on application to intact seedlings. It is concluded that GA₁ and GA₅ are converted to a GA₃-like hormone. Measurement of epidermal cell elongation in the epicotyl further indicates that GA₃ or a GA₃-like hormone may be the functional form of the hormone required for cell elongation.     

Properties of a major α-globulin of rice endosperm

Globulin was isolated from milled rice (Oryza sativa, line IR480-5-9) by 5% NACl extraction and was precipitated by (NH₄)₂SO₂ or by dialysis against water. The extract was purified by repeated isoelectric precipitation at pH 4.5. The major globulin fraction (40%) exhibited one band by electrophoresis at pH 4.5 but two bands at pH 8.3. Similarly, one sharp peak was shown by sedimentation corresponding to 1.41S (α-globulin) in acetic acid (pH 2) and NaOH (pH 11.7) but a broad asymmetric peak was obtained at pH 6.7, 8.3 and 8.9. Gel filtration of the α-globulin at pH 6.5 exhibited 2 proteins with MW 20 000 and 98 000. The results suggest a pH dependent aggregation phenomenon. The two proteins could not be separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis of α-globulin revealed one subunit with MW 18 000. This α-globulin is poorer in lysine and histidine but richer in cystine, methionine, arginine, tyrosine and glutamic acid than whole milled rice proteinfa]Taken part from the M.S. thesis of AAP from the University of the Philippine at Los Baños (1977).     

Biological activity of some synthetic gibberellin glucosyl esters

Four gibberellin (GA₁, GA₃, GA₄ and GA₃₇) glucosyl esters were synthesized and found to be as active as their respective free acids in the rice seedling bioassay. The rapid hydrolysis of the glucosyl esters in rice seedlings was demonstrated by feeding experiments with glucosyl esters of [³H]GA₁ and [³H]GA₄.     

水稻小G蛋白OsPra2基因的克隆及功能分析

利用micro array 技术对水稻幼苗在营养胁迫条件下根部基因表达的研究中发现: 一个与豌豆Pra2(小G蛋白)基因有同源性的基因的RNA水平在营养胁迫后再补充营养时, 表达量下降。用RT-PCR和PCR方法分别获得该基因的cDNA克隆—OsPra2和该基因翻译起始位点上游1 kb的启动子序列。OsPra2基因编码的蛋白质具有结合GTP/GDP的4个保守结构域和构成小G蛋白Rab家族的特有的结构域。该基因cDNA与GST蛋白基因融合表达载体在洋葱表皮细胞中的瞬间表达结果显示该蛋白定位在在细胞膜和细胞核上, OsPra2基因启动子与GUS报告基因融合表达转基因水稻显示该基因启动子驱动GUS在胚芽鞘和根中表达, 35S启动子驱动OsPra2基因过表达转基因水稻与野生水稻株型相比明显矮化, 类似BR缺陷型植物株型。本实验还对OsPra2和P450蛋白的相互作用及在BR代谢途径中的可能作用进行了分析。     

Genetic analysis and fine-mapping of a dwarfing with withered leaf-tip mutant in rice

A dwarf mutant of rice(Oryza.sativa L.)by mutagenesis of ethylene methylsulfonate(EMS)treatment from Nipponbare was identified.The mutant exhibited phenotypes of dwarfism and withered leaf tip(dwll).Based on the internode length of dwl1,this mutant be longs to the dm type of dwarfing.Analysis of elongation of the second sheath and α-amylase activity in endosperm showed that the phenotype caused by dwll was insensitive to gibberellin acid treatment.Using a large F2 population derived from a cross between the dwll and an indica rice variety,TN1,the DWLl gene was mapped to the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 3.Fine-mapping de-limited it into a 46 kb physical distance between two STS markers,HL921 and HL944,where 6 open reading frames were predicted.Cloning of DWL1 will contribute to dissecting molecular mechanism that regulates plant height in rice,which will be beneficial to molecular assisted selection of this important trait.     

Properties of albumins of milled rice

Extraction studies on IR36 milled rice showed that albumins solubilized by 0.1–0.15 M (NH₄)₂SO₄ consisted of about 20% high(～5%) lysine, fast-migrating proteins on electrophoresis at pH 8.3 and about 80% lower ～2%) lysine proteins of slower mobility. The 2%-lysine albumins were insoluble in 1.8 M (NH₄)₂SO₄ while the higher lysine albumins required 4 M (NH₄)₂SO₄ to precipitate. The 2%-lysine albumins were not fractionated by gel filtration and gave only one major fraction with MW 19 000. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed the major subunit to be of MW 17 000. These albumins were separated by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography at pH 8.5 into three fractions of similar aminograms but differing in analytical get electrophoretic and isoelectric focusing patterns.     

Fractionation of globulins of milled rice

Globulins were prepared by repeated precipitation with 1.3 M (NH₄)₂SO₄ from a 0.7 M NaCl extract of milled rice. Isoelectric precipitation at pH 4.5 did not effectively remove the α-globulin from the others. A major fraction that remained in solution during dialysis of the globulin precipitate against water was similar in properties to the globulin soluble at pH 4.5 during the isoelectric precipitation process. Some properties of this water-soluble globulin fraction are reported. Proteins extracted from milled rice at 50° with 0.5 M NaCl and precipitated as 1- to 3-μm particles on cooling were verified to be globulins.     

抗黑条矮缩病水稻品种资源的筛选与鉴定

近年来,水稻黑条矮缩病严重影响我国水稻生产,培育高抗黑条矮缩病的水稻新品种迫在眉睫。获得抗性好的水稻资源是育种的基础。本研究通过对保存的2000份水稻地方品种连续2年设置2个试验点的黑条矮缩病抗性鉴定,初步筛选出连续2年没有发病的资源38份。对这38份中农艺性状较好的6份粳稻资源进行人工室内接虫鉴定,获得高抗水稻黑条矮缩病的水稻资源1份。与感病对照相比,水稻黑条矮缩病毒（Rice black-streaked dwarf virus, RBSDV）在抗病品种体内的表达量下降71.5倍,表明抗病品种对RBSDV在体内的复制有明显的抑制作用。本研究为水稻黑条矮缩病抗病育种和抗性基因的定位、克隆奠定了材料基础。     

Three-dimensional structure of the inner core of rice dwarf virus

Rice dwarf virus (RDV) is a double-shelled icosahedral virus.Using electron cryomicroscopy and computer reconstruction techniques, we have determined a 3.3 nm resolution three-dimensional (3D) structure of the inner shell capsid without the outer shell and viral RNA. The results show that the inner shell is a thin, densely packed, smooth structure, which provides a scaffold for the full virus. A total of 120 copies of the major inner shell capsid protein P3 forms 60 dimers arranged in a T=1 icosahedral lattice. A close examination on the subunit packing of the T=1 inner core P3 with that of the T=13l outer shell P8 indicated that P8 trimers connect with P3 through completely non-equivalent, yet highly specific, intermolecular interactions.     

Growth and germination inhibitors in rice husks

A search for growth and germination inhibitors in rice husk (Oryza sativa L. cv Koshihikari) revealed four compounds, ineketone, S(+)-dehydrovomifoliol, momilactone-C and p-coumaric acid, in addition to the previously known momilactones-A and -B. The isolation and structural determination of these inhibitors are reported. The flavonoid tricin and three steroids were also detected in the husk but none showed any inhibitory activity.