Ca-Cd interaction in the prymnesiophyte Cricosphaera elongata

Abstract. ⁴⁵Ca and ¹⁰⁹Cd uptake were followed in Criscosphaera elongata Prymnesiophyceae. In both cases, after a rapid increase for the first 5 min, the incorporation rate slowed during the hour of observation. Verapamil, a blocker of voltage-dependent slow calcium channels, inhibited ⁴⁵Ca uptake except during the first rapid phase when adsorption should predominate. Cadmium also decreased ⁴⁵Ca labelling, suggesting that the two metals are antagonistic. However, verapamil was shown to augment ¹⁰⁹Cd incorporation, contrary to what occurs in animals cells; this effect is detectable in continuous labelling as well as in pulse experiments. The data support the presence of calcium channels in the alga and suggest several processes in Cd accumulation: adsorption on peripheral envelopes and diffusion of uncharged Cd.     

四种灵长类肘关节的生物力学研究

对懒猴、猕猴、叶猴和长臂猿的肘关节形态与功能和前臂伸、屈肌肌肉电生理的研究结果表明,随着上肢运动功能的加强,肘关节的灵活性亦相应增大。猕猴各肌的肌电活动相对较弱,肘关节的结构明显不同于其它3个种,表现出对四足型运动和维持关节稳定性的适应特点。叶猴肘关节的形态结构和前臂各肌的肌电活动类似于长臂猿,表现出与臂摆荡有关的活动特点。对前臂伸、屈肌有关指数的判别分析表明,与骨骼相比,4个种的前臂各肌的形态差异明显较大。肱肌的近侧起点指数。肱桡肌的止点指数和肱三头肌内侧头的起点指数可作为4个种的鉴定特征。     

High-pressure effect on the equilibrium and kinetics of cyanide binding to chloroperoxidase

The kinetics of cyanide binding to chloroperoxidase were studied using a high-pressure stopped-flow technique at 25 degrees C and pH 4.7 in a pressure range from 1 to 1000 bar. The activation volume change for the association reaction is delta V not equal to + = -2.5 +/- 0.5 ml/mol. The total reaction volume change, determined from the pressure dependence of the equilibrium constant, is delta V degrees = -17.8 +/- 1.3 ml/mol. The effect of temperature was studied at 1 bar yielding delta H not equal to + = 29 +/- 1 kJ/mol, delta S not equal to + = -58 +/- 4 J/mol per K. Equilibrium studies give delta H degrees = -41 +/- 3 kJ/mol and delta S degrees = -59 +/- 10 J/mol per K. Possible contributions to the binding process are discussed: changes in spin state, bond formation and conformation changes in the protein. An activation volume analog of the Hammond postulate is considered.     

Mass-spectrometric investigations on hydration of nucleic acid components in vacuum. II. N-methylated adenines

Association reactions between water and N-methylated adenines (M), occurring under field-ionization conditions in a mass spectrometer at the tungsten point emitter surface, were studied at a number of temperatures. The origin of the peaks observed in the mass spectra at m/e ratios corresponding to MH+ was assigned to M X H2O monohydrates , of those corresponding to (MH X H2O)+ and (MH2)2+ to double hydrates M(H2O)3. Measurements of the relative peak intensities allowed calculation of apparent equilibrium constants, Kass, for successive hydration steps, and hence the respective van't Hoff enthalpies of hydration. Both the equilibrium and the energy parameters obtained support the available quantum-mechanical single-layer hydration schemes of adenine and of its N-methylated derivatives.     

棉花751与多父本杂交受精细胞学研究及性状分析

本文报导了以棉花７５１为母本与鸡脚叶棉、乌干达棉、红叶棉、汉寿大桃、草棉等５个父本的混合花粉进行杂交。授粉后,观察了７５１大小孢子和雌雄配子体的发生、发育及其受精过程。切片观察表明在大小孢子的发生、发育与花蕾大小成正相关。大小孢子的发生在减数分裂前是不同步的。小孢子的发生早于大孢子发生１￣２个时期。减数分裂后它们的发育逐渐趋向同步。开花时达到同步成熟。用多父本的混合花粉授粉,其受精过程仍为单精入卵     

THE ROLE OF UNICELLS IN THE POLYMORPHIC SCENEDESMUS ARMATUS (CHLOROPHYCEAE)1

The UTEX 2193 strain of Scenedesmus armatus (Chod.) Chod, when cultured in any of several media (whether natural or artificial, concentrated or dilute) produced a variety of colonial morphologies as well as a unicell population. Morphological expression was related to culture ape. When the initial cell density was just a feu1 hundred cells per mL. the culture first produced a unicell population, then spiny colonies, and as stationary phase was approached, spine-less colonies. Two classes of spiny colonies were detected. Type I colonies had elongate cells with the terminal cells shorter than median cells. Spines were longer than cell length. The wider, oval, grainy cells of Type II colonies were uniform m length. Spines were shorter and thicker than those on Type I colonies. Only Type I colonies produced unicells: the latter appeared as two morphs. The smaller unicell was obovoid with four delicate spines: the larger had ovate cells bearing four thicker spines. Control of unicell development in all media was achieved by carefully monitoring colony type and cell number used for the inoculum. A unicellular population developed in batch culture in defined media, both concentrated and dilute, when the initial cell density (either Type I or Type II colonies) was low (below 1000 cells-mL^?1), as well as in synchronous cultures. With higher initial cell densities, e.g. 2 × 10⁴ cells·mL^?1, the inoculum had to contain Type I colonies to produce unicells. Unicells were also produced in water from Agronomy Pond, where the strain originated. We discuss the role of unicell populations in the distribution of Scenedesmus.     

Salinity response of a freshwater charophyte, Chara vulgaris

Abstract. Chara vulgaris L. growing in an oligohaline lake was adapted to laboratory conditions and subjected to long-term salinity treatments ranging from 0 to 350 mol m ³ NaCl added to the lake water (40–680 mosmol kg ¹). Osmotic potential and concentration of the main osmotically active solutes (K⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl and sucrose) in the vacuolar sap of the central internodal cells were estimated. C. vulgaris did regulate turgor but incompletely. Turgor decreased from 335 mosmol kg ¹ under control conditions to 52–111 mosmol kg ¹ at 350 mol m ³ NaCl. The enhancement of πⁱ was achieved by increase in both ions and sucrose. Sterile and fertile plants differed in their response to osmotic stress. In sterile plants, the ions accounted for about 87% of the vacuolar osmotic potential. The increase of πⁱ under osmotic stress was exclusively due to an accumulation of Na⁺ and Cl^-. In fertile plants, sucrose accounted for about 35% of πⁱ and ions for about 51% Under osmotic stress, sucrose content increased together with the ionic content of Na⁺ and Cl^-.     

Salinity tolerance of Kosteletzkya virginica. I. Shoot growth, ion and water relations

Abstract. Kosteletzkya virginica (L.) Presl., a dicotyledonous halophyte native to brackish tidal marshes, was grown on nutrient solution containing 0. 85, 170 or 255 mol m^-3 NaCl, and the effects of external salinity on shoot growth and ion content of individual leaves were studied in successive harvests. Growth was stimulated by 85 mol m^-3 NaCl and was progressively reduced at the two higher salinities. Growth suppression at high salinity resulted principally from decreased leaf production and area, not from accelerated leaf death. As is characteristic of halophytic dicots. K. virginica accumulated inorganic ions in its leaves, particularly Na⁺ and K⁺. However, the Na⁺ concentration of individual leaves did not increase with time, but remained constant or even declined, seeming to be well-coordinated with changes in water content. A striking feature of the ion composition of salinized plants was the development of a dramatic gradient in sodium content, with Na⁺ partitioned away from the most actively growing leaves. Salt-treated plants exhibited a strong potassium affinity, with foliar K⁺ levels higher in salinized plants than unsalinized plants after an initial decrease. These results suggest that selective uptake and transport, foliar compartmentation of Na⁺ and K⁺ in opposite directions along the shoot axis, and the regulation of leaf salt loads over time to prevent build-up of toxic concentrations are whole-plant features which enable K. virginica to establish favourable K⁺-Na⁺ relations under saline conditions.     

生物絮凝剂产生菌的分离与鉴定

通过多点采样,多次反复筛选,从旱田土壤中筛选出1株具有高絮凝活性的细菌。细菌生长过程均可产生具有絮凝作用的胞外分泌物,经实验对内蒙天然碱碱泥具有高絮凝作用。通过对菌株的个体形态特征、菌落形态特征、运动性进行观察;同时对其接触酶、氧化酶等生理生化指标进行了测试,最终确定为粪产碱杆菌（Alcaligenes faecalis)。     

类风湿关节炎中白三烯B4诱导TNF-α和IL-1β的表达

为了探讨类风湿关节炎的发病过程中白三烯B4(leukotriene,LTB4)对TNF-α和IL-1β表 达的影响.加入外源性LTB4或者在LIT存在的情况下,加入苯丁抑制素(bestatin,LTA4水解酶 抑制剂)和MK-886(5-脂氧合 酶激动蛋白抑制剂)后, 采用实时PCR和酶联免疫吸附分析法来检测原代培养的类风湿滑膜细胞及培养上清液中TNF-α和IL-1β在mRNA及蛋白水平的表达.外源性的LTB4 10^-8mol/L使TNF-α和IL-1β mRNA水平表达分别增加了14倍和1倍, 蛋白水平分别增加了3倍.加入LIT刺激内源性的LTB4增加了14倍后,使TNF-α和IL-1βmRNA水平表达分别增加了145倍和12倍, 蛋白水平分别增加了3倍.在LIT存在的情况下, MK-886 10 μmol/L使LTB4合成降低了62%(P<0.000 1), 使TNF-α和IL-1β mRNA水平表达分别降低了66%(P<0.05)和71%(P<0.001),它们的蛋白水平分别降低了75%和70%(P<0.01). 100 μg/ml苯丁抑制素使LTB4合成降低了78%(P<0.000 1), 使TNF-α和IL-1β mRNA水平表达分别降低了86%(P<0.001)和79%(P<0.01), 它们的蛋白水平分别降低了84%和76%(P<0.05). 在类风湿关节炎中,LTB4诱导TNF-α和IL-1β的表达. 这一结果为类风湿关节炎发病机制进一步探讨提供了一条新思路.     

Lipids, carbohydrates and amino acids exuded from the axenic roots of rape seedlings exposed to water-deficit stress

Abstract. Rape ( Brassica napus [L.]) plants were cultivated for 25 d with axenic roots in a growth system with quartz sand and circulating nutrient solution. After a water stress period of 24h. fresh nutrient solution was added and root exudates were collected 3d later. The stress did not cause significant differences in the weights between the stressed and the control plants. The stressed plants tended to exude more soluble organic carbon than the control plants. This was not reflected in the amounts of low molecular weight carbohydrates exuded. A significantly lower proportion of the soluble organic carbon exuded by the stressed plants was made up of amino acids in comparison with the control plants, 7% and 28% respectively. Exuded hydrophobic substances could be recovered from the sand particles. The stressed plants exuded more sterols than the control plants, and an increased number of polar lipid types. The exudates of the stressed and control plants also differed regarding their fatty acid composition.     

Remodeling of the Rad51 DNA Strand-Exchange Protein by the Srs2 Helicase

Homologous recombination is associated with the dynamic assembly and disassembly of DNA–protein complexes. Assembly of a nucleoprotein filament comprising ssDNA and the RecA homolog, Rad51, is a key step required for homology search during recombination. The budding yeast Srs2 DNA translocase is known to dismantle Rad51 filament in vitro. However, there is limited evidence to support the dismantling activity of Srs2 in vivo. Here, we show that Srs2 indeed disrupts Rad51-containing complexes from chromosomes during meiosis. Overexpression of Srs2 during the meiotic prophase impairs meiotic recombination and removes Rad51 from meiotic chromosomes. This dismantling activity is specific for Rad51, as Srs2 Overexpression does not remove Dmc1 (a meiosis-specific Rad51 homolog), Rad52 (a Rad51 mediator), or replication protein A (RPA; a single-stranded DNA-binding protein). Rather, RPA replaces Rad51 under these conditions. A mutant Srs2 lacking helicase activity cannot remove Rad51 from meiotic chromosomes. Interestingly, the Rad51-binding domain of Srs2, which is critical for Rad51-dismantling activity in vitro, is not essential for this activity in vivo. Our results suggest that a precise level of Srs2, in the form of the Srs2 translocase, is required to appropriately regulate the Rad51 nucleoprotein filament dynamics during meiosis.     

培养条件对毛栓菌菌丝体生长和多酚氧化酶分泌的影响

研究了碳源、氮源、培养温度、初始pH值、接种量、通气量等条件对毛栓菌（Trametes trogii)菌丝体生长及多酚氧化酶分泌的影响;结果表明,不同碳源和氮源对菌丝体生长影响较大,对多酚氧化酶分沁也有较大影响,麦草粉和麸皮为碳源,玉米粉、硫酸铵为氮源有利于多酚氧化酶的分泌;初始pH值对酶活影响较小,培养温度、通气量等对酶活影响较大。     

非洲蝼蛄消化道组织结构的观察

本文采用组织学技术对非洲蝼蛄消化道的组织结构进行了初步研究,其消化道具有特殊的组织结构,此项研究为进一步防治病虫害提供了依据。     

抗菌i－RNA没有传递特异性体液免疫活性能力的确定及其对机体免疫功能影响的研究

本实验用抗绿脓杆菌ｉ－ＲＮＡ致敏小鼠,用酶联免疫吸附试验直接检测鼠体内绿脓杆菌特异性抗体的产生,并通过电镜技术观察补体参与下的溶菌杀菌现象来间接反映体内是否有特异性抗体的产生。结果证实ｉ－ＲＮＡ没有传递特异性体液兔疫活性的能力。但小鼠体内脾细胞抗体产生能力,巨噬细胞吞噬活性,脾细胞ＮＫ活性和ＩＬ－２活性均明显高于正常鼠,提示抗菌ｉ－ＲＮＡ有佐剂活性,可以增强机体的体液免疫功能和细胞免疫功能。     

Some aspects of studies of thermal transitions in proteins by means of their intrinsic fluorescence

The changes in intrinsic fluorescence parameters induced by thermal transitions in proteins are developed on the background of the common thermal fluorescence quenching due to an activation of collisions between the excited chromophores and neighbouring quenching groups. Two methods of separation of the thermai quenching and conformational change contributions to the temperature dependence of the fluorescence parameters are presented. One is based on the use of the linearity of the plots of the reciprocal fluorescence quantum yield, l/q, vs. the t/η ratio (T. temperature; η, solvent viscosity) for native proteins containing a single fluorescing chromophore (T.L. Bushueva, E.P. Busel and E.A. Burstein, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 534 (1978) 141). The other method is based on a consideration of the phase plots for the tryptophan fluorescence of proteins (fluorescence intensity at a fixed wavelength vs. intensity at any other fixed wavelength). The methods have been used for a study of the thermal transitions in Mg²⁺-loaded whiting parvalbumin (tryptophan fluorescence), Mg²⁺-loaded pike parvalbumins pI 4.2 (tyrosine fluorescence) and pI 5.0 (phenylalanine fluorescence), and Ca²⁺-loaded bovine α-lactalbumin (tryptophan fluorescence). The thermal denaturation curves for the parvalbumins show two-stepped character. The main change of the protein conformation occurs at the higher temperature step. Comparison of the fluorescence data with the microcalorimetry results shows that the maxima of the asymmetric heat sorption peaks for pike parvalbumins correlate with the mid-points of the higher temperature steps of the fluorimetric curves.