不同颜色果袋对‘云红梨2号’果皮色泽形成的影响

研究了不同颜色果袋对‘云红梨2号’果实着色的影响,比较了不同套袋处理下果皮外观着色、叶绿素、类黄酮、总酚、花色素苷含量以及花色素苷合成相关酶活性的差异.结果表明: 发育期的黑暗处理有利于解袋后梨果皮着色;不同套袋处理中,采前解袋自然光照射下梨果皮中花色素苷含量最高,着色最好,白色纸袋次之.不同套袋处理显著影响果皮中叶绿素、类黄酮、总酚和花色素苷含量,从而影响梨果皮的外观色泽.不同套袋处理的花色素苷合成酶活性差异显著;相关性分析表明,果皮中花色素苷含量与二氢黄酮醇-4-还原酶(DFR)和类黄酮3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶(UFGT)活性呈显著正相关,而与苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性相关性不显著.     

采收期对‘红心’番石榴品质和耐贮性的影响

以福建漳州栽培的‘红心’番石榴(Psidium guajava ‘Hongxin’)为材料,探究不同采收期对其果实采后耐贮性和品质的影响。实验分盛花期后95 d (采收期Ⅰ)、105 d (采收期Ⅱ)和115 d (采收期Ⅲ) 3个时段进行采收,采后果实在常温(25±1℃) 和相对湿度85%条件下贮藏,贮藏期间测定番石榴果实商品率、失重率、呼吸强度、相对电导率、色调角、硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C和总糖含量变化。结果表明,‘红心’番石榴果实采后软化迅速,颜色由绿转黄较快;随着采后贮藏时间的延长,番石榴果实的商品率、硬度、色调角、可滴定酸、维生素C和总糖的含量降低,而果实失重率、细胞膜相对透性增加;采收期Ⅰ较采收期Ⅱ、Ⅲ的耐贮性强。因此,对于‘红心’番石榴果实,考虑贮运期长,适宜在采收期Ⅰ采收;其他两个采收期可在产地销售。     

三个产地猕猴桃品种‘金梅’在低温贮藏及货架期内的采后生理和品质变化

以湖北武汉、湖南花垣和贵州大方3个不同产地的中华猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis Planch.）黄肉新品种‘金梅’果实为材料,对‘金梅’果实在低温贮藏和常温货架期内的生理特征和品质变化规律进行研究。结果显示：3个产地‘金梅’的果实硬度均在低温贮藏12周后快速下降至可食用硬度水平;而可溶性固形物含量（SSC）和总糖含量均表现为先快速上升然后稳定在较高水平,其中大方果实的SSC和总糖含量仅低温贮藏3周后就较早上升到稳定水平,但低于武汉和花垣的果实。3地‘金梅’果实中总酸含量则在较小的范围内波动,在武汉、花垣和大方产的软熟果实中含量依次降低。3地‘金梅’果实中维生素C含量约在70~90 mg/100 g鲜重范围内小幅波动,其中花垣‘金梅’维生素C含量整体较低。3地‘金梅’果实在低温贮藏过程中均表现出较高的失重率和较低的腐烂率,其中大方果实失重率低于武汉和花垣,但其较早出现较高的腐烂率。花垣和大方‘金梅’果实在分别低温贮藏4、12、20周后转入到常温货架期的寿命可达4、3、2周之久;其中,大方‘金梅’较早较快软熟,并且其SSC含量明显低于花垣‘金梅’。研究结果表明3地‘金梅’均表现出较好的耐贮性和较长的货架期,其中花垣‘金梅’表现出较好的果实综合品质,可能与其干物质含量较高有关。     

优质鲜食黄肉猕猴桃新品种‘金圆’的选育及特性分析

‘金圆’是以种间杂交品种‘金艳’（Actinidia chinensis×A.eriantha）为母本、中华猕猴桃（A.chinensis Planch.）为父本,从回交F₁代群体中选育出的中熟黄肉猕猴桃新品种。通过对‘金圆’植物学性状、特异性、营养成分、贮藏性等进行研究,结果显示：‘金圆’果实为短圆形,单果重80~100 g,软熟时果肉橙黄色,质细味浓;‘金圆’的花瓣数和花丝数与母本‘金艳’接近,花冠直径和柱头数较‘金艳’分别增大了9.31%和52%,而花柄长度比‘金艳’短16.75%;萌芽率和果枝率略低于‘金艳’,但比‘海沃德’高出55.26%和43.33%;‘金圆’的可溶性固形物、总糖和可滴定酸含量与‘金艳’相当,但维生素C含量比‘金艳’高4.63%,是‘海沃德’的2.2倍;‘金圆’矿质元素含量丰富,P和K含量分别比‘金艳’高30.86%和22.53%,Mg含量比‘海沃德’高24.86%;‘金圆’的总氨基酸含量丰富（8 mg/g）,E/N和E/T值均高于‘金艳’和‘海沃德’,更接近于理想模式;‘金圆’在低温下（1~2℃,相对湿度90%~95%）贮藏150 d时,好果率在80%以上,200 d后,好果率仍有65%,贮藏性略低于‘金艳’,但显著高于‘海沃德’。利用Geo7-223分子标记扩增‘金圆’基因组得到3个条带,表明其与‘金艳’和‘金桃’在分子水平上具有一定差异。本研究表明‘金圆’具有良好的农艺性状和品质特性。     

植物生长调节剂对火龙果坐果率和果实生长的影响

以‘红龙果Ⅱ’为试材,研究不同生长调节剂处理对火龙果坐果率和果实生长的影响。结果表明：浓度为30 mg/L GA3或100 mg/L 6-BA对提高火龙果坐果率及促进果实生长效果最佳。     

水杨酸延缓猕猴桃果实采后衰老与精氨酸分解代谢的关系

采用1.0 mmol·L^-1水杨酸(SA)处理‘徐香’猕猴桃果实,测定果实在常温(23±2)℃贮藏过程中失重率、硬度、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,以及精氨酸分解代谢相关酶活性和物质含量的变化,探究SA处理延缓猕猴桃果实采后衰老的作用机理。结果显示：(1)与对照(不处理)相比,贮藏第20天时,SA处理果实的失重率较对照降低13.77%,硬度较对照提高78.25%,表明SA处理有效抑制了猕猴桃果实硬度和鲜重的下降。(2)贮藏第20天时,SA处理果实的PG活性(13.61 μg·g^-1·h^-1)显著低于对照(16.77 μg·g^-1·h^-1);猕猴桃果实中的MDA含量在贮藏第15天时差异最大,SA处理较对照降低33.40%。(3)与对照相比,在贮藏过程中SA处理显著促进了果实中鸟氨酸的累积以及精氨酸脱羧酶和鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性的升高,同时抑制了多胺氧化酶和二胺氧化酶活性,并显著提高了猕猴桃果实中多胺(腐胺、精胺、亚精胺)的累积。(4)与对照相比,SA处理显著诱导了猕猴桃果实中一氧化氮合酶活性的增强,并促进了果实中一氧化氮(NO)的累积,且在贮藏第5天以后果实中的NO含量显著高于对照。研究发现,SA能够显著延缓常温下猕猴桃果实的采后衰老进程,这可能与SA触发了果实中精氨酸分解代谢的不同途径有关。     

O2和CO2配比对低温贮藏李品质及生理变化的影响

为了探索适宜‘黑宝石’李贮藏的气体参数,研究了不同气体成分(6.0%O2+5.0%CO2、6.0%O2+1.0%CO2、10.0%O2+5.0%CO2和10.0%O2+1.0%CO2)处理对贮藏及货架期‘黑宝石’李采后品质(硬度、总糖、可滴定酸和腐烂指数)、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性及MDA含量的影响。结果显示:(1)在贮藏0~45 d期间,冷藏对照果实的腐烂指数在8%以下,其货架果实的硬度仍可下降;贮藏至75 d时,冷藏对照果实的腐烂指数达38%,而且其果实失去了软化能力。(2)气调处理可减缓低温贮藏李果实硬度的下降,降低果实的腐烂指数,维持货架果实的后熟能力,但6.0%O2+1.0%CO2处理对果实腐烂指数的影响不显著。(3)气调处理可提高低温贮藏李果实的SOD、POD和CAT活性,抑制这3种酶在货架模拟过程中的升高,且可降低低温贮藏及货架期果实的MDA含量。(4)气调贮藏中以6.0%O2+5.0%CO2处理的效果最佳,果实的贮藏期可达75 d。研究说明,常规冷藏(0~1.5℃)可满足‘黑宝石’李果实采后短期贮藏(<45 d)的需要,而适宜的气调贮藏可使其贮藏期限延长30 d左右。     

一氧化氮处理对香蕉多聚半乳糖醛酸酶及MaPGs基因表达的影响

为了解多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）在香蕉采后软化中的分子调控机制,采用40 μL/L NO熏蒸处理绿熟期的‘巴西’香蕉果实3 h后,在20℃和相对湿度为85%的条件下贮藏,研究NO对香蕉果实乙烯释放量、硬度、PG活性及MaPGs基因表达的影响。结果表明：NO处理降低了果实乙烯释放量,延缓了果实硬度的下降,抑制了PG的活性;降低了MaPG2、MaPG3和MaPG4基因的表达,延缓了香蕉果实的软化。     

不同品种油甘子果实营养成分评价

为系统分析评价不同品种油甘子(Phyllanthus emblica)果实的营养品质,以‘赤皮’‘玻璃油甘’‘东坑甜’‘饼甜’‘六月白’和‘马蹄甜’6个品种油甘子果实为材料,测定7项营养成分含量,运用主成分分析法对果实营养成分含量进行分析评价。结果表明,各品种油甘子维生素C和还原糖含量均较高;维生素C与蛋白质呈显著正相关,还原糖与可溶性固形物呈显著正相关。通过主成分分析提取出3个主成分,认为‘赤皮’和‘玻璃油甘’2个品种可作为油甘子丰产林建设的优良栽培品种。     

‘凤丹’生物量分配的季节动态及其受株龄和遮荫的影响

生物量分配动态研究对了解作物产量形成机制具有重要意义。‘凤丹’是以杨山牡丹（Paeonia ostii T.Hong et J.X.Zhang）为原种形成的新型木本油料作物,其产量形成机制尚不明确。本文采取破坏性取样策略,研究不同株龄‘凤丹’生物量分配的季节动态以及遮荫对产量的影响。结果显示,‘凤丹’生物量在果熟期达到最大值,总生物量随株龄增大而增加,但其增长速率趋势则相反。‘凤丹’根和茎的生物量分配在休眠期最大,而叶生物量分配最大值出现在果熟期;繁殖分配仅为3.24%~6.85%,但随株龄增大而增加（4年生果实生物量为（7.74 ±0.31）g/株,8年生果实生物量为（26.81 ±0.44）g/株）。‘凤丹’单株年同化总量为161.21~232.34 g,种子收获指数为2.71%~6.87%,收获指数与株龄呈正相关（R²=0.8178）。‘凤丹’营养生长和总生物量在遮荫条件下有所降低,但繁殖生物量和收获指数在30%遮阳处理中显著增加（种子增产3.66 g/株,产量提高389.36%）。本研究表明‘凤丹’年周期内的源与库结构呈动态变化,株龄对‘凤丹’的生物量分配及产量有明显效应,适度遮荫可提高‘凤丹’的产量。     

Effect of eco-safe compounds on postharvest quality preservation of papaya (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Carica papaya</Emphasis> L.)

Early ripening and susceptibility to microbial infection are major postharvest problems in papaya fruits. Being a tropical climacteric fruit, low-temperature storage is not successful in papaya. In this study, we demonstrate the effect of aqueous salicylic acid (1 and 2 mM), nitric oxide (1 and 2 mM), and calcium chloride (1 and 2%) to enhance the papaya shelf life at the ambient conditions with reduced disease incidence. Calcium chloride 2% was the most effective for maintaining postharvest quality. The fruits had good firmness and maintained TSS, acidity, total chlorophyll, free radical scavenging activity and ascorbic acid on the 6th day during ambient storage. Moreover, the weight loss, yellow color development and disease incidence were minimum in calcium chloride 2%, followed by 1% solution of calcium chloride. The nitric oxide (2 mM) maintained higher antioxidant capacity and total phenol content in fruits that was followed by 1 mM salicylic acid during storage. The result suggests that application of calcium chloride 2% could be an easy and effective technique for extending the shelf life without impairing fruit quality during storage.     

Application of Hormetic UV-C for Delayed Ripening and Reduction of Rhizopus Soft Rot in Tomatoes: the Effect of Tomatine on Storage Rot Development

The application of ultraviolet-light C (UV-C, 254 nm) hormesis on tomato fruits to stimulate beneficial responses is a new method of inducing host resistance to Rhizopus soft rot, with maximum protection at 72 h following artificial inoculation with Rhizopus stolonifer and delay fruit ripening. In the tomato-Rhizopus soft rot pathosystem, UV-C induced resistance of tomatoes to soft rot was reversed by fluorescent light, and not by storage under dark condition. The present study was aimed at finding a possible fungal toxic mechanism that was involved in the control of Rhizopus soft rot. The development of carotenoids, loss of chlorophyll and ethylene production were significantly retarded during storage after treatment with hormetic doses of UV-C. The delayed ripening of UV-C treated fruits was attributed in part to the high level of putrescine and spermine polyamines. In a time-control study, it was found that the resistance of UV-C-treated tomatoes artificially inoculated with R. stolonifer correlated with a high concentration of tomatine which accumulated up to 72 h after UV-C treatment. However, there was a higher tomatine content in UV-C-treated fruits compared to untreated fruits where it was transitory at 96 h after treatment in the time-course study.     

Effect of postharvest salicylic acid treatment on fungal decay and some postharvest quality factors of kiwi fruit

The effect of salicylic acid (SA) treatment at different concentrations on fungal decay and some quality factors of kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa var. Hayward) in postharvest conditions were studied. Results experiment showed that SA at all applied concentrations inhibited grey mould growth. The SA application significantly decreased weight loss percentage and increased life storage fruits. Also, SA positively affected on postharvest quality factors including total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), antioxidant, ascorbic acid and pH value. It was observed that treated fruits with SA at concentration 5?mM had the highest TSS, TA, ascorbic acid and antioxidant content and it had the lowest decay and acidity. Thus, these results showed that SA has strong impact on postharvest decay and fruit quality of kiwi fruit.     

脐橙果实贮藏过程中主要有机物质含量的变化

对朋那脐橙、纽荷尔脐橙和红肉脐橙果实采后室温贮藏过程中主要有机物质含量进行分析,结果表明,贮藏期间,果实可溶性固形物含量10d前略有上升,10d后的变化各品种间有差异;可滴定酸含量显著下降;固酸比显著上升;维生素C含量变化趋势因品种而异;可溶性蛋白质含量在贮藏过程中呈上升趋势。上述各指标在贮藏各时期不同品种间有明显差异。     

The combined effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene and citral suppressed postharvest grey mould of tomato fruit by inhibiting the growth of Botrytis cinerea

1‐Methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP, 1 μl/L) and 1 × minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) citral alone and in combination were used to treat on postharvest tomato fruits to investigate their influence on disease incidence and postharvest quality during fruit storage, which were stored at 90%–95% relative humidity and 25 ± 2°C. Weight loss, pH, hue angle (Hue^°), total soluble solid (TSS), ascorbic acid content, firmness and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated after each storage period. 1 μl/L 1‐MCP or 1 × MFC citral reduced weight loss, retarded peel colour changes and retained postharvest fruit quality. 1 μl/L 1‐MCP + 1 × MFC citral could better maintain firmness and ascorbic acid content and increase antioxidant enzyme activities, compared to other treatments. Disease incidence of tomato fruit was significantly decreased, and spore germination and mycelia growth of Botrytis cinerea were suppressed by the combined treatment with 1 μl/L 1‐MCP and 1 × MFC citral. These results indicate that the combined treatment could effectively delay postharvest tomato fruits senescence and inhibit postharvest pathogens in vitro.     

采后光照条件对白凤桃果实品质和挥发性香气物质形成的影响

研究了白凤桃果实贮藏过程中光照条件对果实成熟的影响。在7月12日(未熟期)和7月16日(硬熟期)采收果实,分别贮藏在光条件(白色荧光灯照明,果顶部光强为80μmol m~(-2)s~(-1))和暗条件中,室温均为25℃。硬熟期采收果实贮藏在光条件下,达到完熟期时,乙烯生成量较低。果肉的硬度在各个采收期,各种贮藏条件下均没有差别。光条件贮藏果实中花青苷含量较高。未熟期采收果实贮藏在光条件下时,可溶性固形物含量增加较多。光条件贮藏果实中天冬酰胺的下降比暗贮藏果实中更多。各时期采收的果实中,在光下贮藏时,果肉和果皮γ-癸内酯和γ-十二内酯的含量都明显增加。以上结果表明,白凤桃果实采收后在光下贮藏,可以明显改善果实的品质。     

Inhibition of green mould in blood orange (Citrus sinensis var. Moro) with salicylic acid treatment

The aim of this study was to find an alternative to synthetic fungicides currently used in the control of devastating fungal pathogen Penicillium digitatum Sacc, the causal agent of green mould disease of blood orange. Antifungal activities of salicylic acid (SA) were investigated against P. digitatum. Treatments consisted of five concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4 and 5?mM). The SA application significantly decreased weight loss percentage and increased life storage of fruits. Also, SA positively affected on post-harvest quality factors including total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity, anthocyanin, antioxidant content and pH value. It was observed that treated fruits at a concentration of 5?mM had the highest TSS, titrable acidity, anthocyanin and antioxidant content, and it had the lowest decay and acidity. Thus, these results showed that SA has strong impact on post-harvest decay and fruit quality of blood orange.     

1-MCP对柿贮藏期间几种生理变化的影响

以火柿为试验材料,研究了1-MCP处理对其在常温下贮藏效果及其生理变化的影响。结果表明,1-MCP明显降低了柿采后贮藏前期果实呼吸强度的上升,并延缓了呼吸峰出现的时间及可溶性固形物含量的变化进程,一定程度上降低了膜相对透性,提高了硬果率。但对Vc的分解无明显抑制作用,在贮藏后期处理果有呼吸峰值上升的表现。     

不同成熟度杨梅果实采后呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率和品质的变化

以3个品种杨梅果实为材料,将采后果实分为未成熟(immature)、成熟(mature)和完熟(ripe)3种不同成熟度,在20℃下48 h贮藏过程中,每隔3 h检测一次呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率,并分析成熟过程相关的品质变化.结果表明,未成熟和成熟果实的呼吸速率和乙烯合成变化呈现典型的跃变型果实特征,而在完熟果实中检测不到呼吸和乙烯跃变过程.未成熟和成熟杨梅果实中PAL活性趋于提高,而完熟果实的呈下降变化,这一结果与矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷(Cy-3-Glu)含量变化相吻合;CIRG值与杨梅果实Cv-3-Glu含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.96**).结果显示杨梅果实属于跃变型果实.