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1.
Tuning heterointerfaces between hybrid phases is a very promising strategy for designing advanced energy storage materials. Herein, a low‐cost, high‐yield, and scalable two‐step approach is reported to prepare a new type of hybrid material containing MoS2/graphene nanosheets prepared from ball‐milling and exfoliation of commercial bulky MoS2 and graphite. When tested as an anode material for a sodium‐ion battery, the as‐prepared MoS2/graphene nanosheets exhibit remarkably high rate capability (284 mA h g?1 at 20 A g?1 (≈30C) and 201 mA h g?1 at 50 A g?1 (≈75C)) and excellent cycling stability (capacity retention of 95% after 250 cycles at 0.3 A g?1). Detailed experimental measurements and density functional theory calculation reveal that the functional groups in 2D MoS2/graphene heterostructures can be well tuned. The impressive rate capacity of the as‐prepared MoS2/graphene hybrids should be attributed to the heterostructures with a low degree of defects and residual oxygen containing groups in graphene, which subsequently improve the electronic conductivity of graphene and decrease the Na+ diffusion barrier at the MoS2/graphene interfaces in comparison with the acid treated one.  相似文献   

2.
Metal‐organic coordination frameworks have been widely used as efficient precursors for the preparation of functional carbon‐based materials with various nanostructures. However, to date, the design of 2D carbon nanostructures from single coordination frameworks remains a great challenge. Herein, an efficient strategy for the fabrication of N‐rich porous carbon nanosheets from 2D Zn‐hexamine coordination framework nanosheets is developed. Remarkably, the N‐doping level of carbon nanosheets can attain 16.54 at%. In addition, the thickness of the carbon nanosheets can effectively be tuned by simply adjusting the molar ratio of the starting materials. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the as‐prepared carbon nanosheets as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries exhibit an ultrafast sodium storage capability of 194 mAh g?1 even at 10 A g?1. As far as it is known, such a high‐rate capability has been rarely achieved in previous studies on carbonaceous anode materials for Na‐ion storage. Moreover, this approach is readily controllable and could be extended to prepare a series of 2D N‐doped carbon‐based nanomaterials on a large scale.  相似文献   

3.
High energy density and power density within a limited volume of flexible solid‐state supercapacitors are highly desirable for practical applications. Here, free‐standing high‐quality 3D nanoporous duct‐like graphene (3D‐DG) films are fabricated with high flexibility and robustness as the backbones to deposit flower‐like MnO2 nanosheets (3D‐DG@MnO2). The 3D‐DG is the ideal support for the deposition of large amount of active materials because of its large surface area, appropriate pore structure, and negligible volume compared with other kinds of carbon backbones. Moreover, the 3D‐DG preserve the distinctive 2D coherent electronic properties of graphene, in which charge carriers move rapidly with a small resistance through the high‐quality and continuous chemical vapor deposition‐grown graphene building blocks, which results in a high rate performance. Marvelously, ultrathin (≈50 μm) flexible solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) using 3D‐DG@MnO2 as the positive electrode and 3D hierarchical nanoporous graphene films as the negative electrode display ultrahigh volumetric energy density (28.2 mW h cm?3) and power density (55.7 W cm?3) at 2.0 V. Furthermore, as‐prepared ASCs show high cycle stability clearly demonstrating their broad applications as power supplies in wearable electronic devices.  相似文献   

4.
Active carbons have unique physicochemical properties, but their conductivities and surface to weight ratios are much poorer than graphene. A unique and facile method is innovated to chemically process biomass by “drilling” holes with H2O2 and exfoliating into graphene‐like nanosheets with HAc, followed by carbonization at a high temperature for highly graphitized activated carbon with greatly enhanced porosity, unique pore structure, high conductivity, and large surface area. This graphene‐like carbon exhibits extremely high specific capacitance (340 F g?1 at 0.5 A g?1) and high specific energy density (23.33 to 16.67 W h kg?1) with excellent rate capability and long cycling stability (remains 98% after 10 000 cycles), which is much superior to all reported carbons including graphene. Synthesis mechanism for deriving biomass into porous graphene‐like carbons is discussed in detail. The enhancement mechanism for the porous graphene‐like carbon electrode reveals that rationally designed meso‐ and macropores are very critical in porous electrode performance, which can network micropores for diffusion freeways, high conductivity, and high utilization. This work has universal significance in producing highly porous and conductive carbons from biomass including biowastes for various energy storage/conversion applications.  相似文献   

5.
Hybrid nanostructures based on graphene and transition metal oxides hold great promise as high‐performance electrode materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries. In this work, the rational design and fabrication of NiCo2O4 nanosheets supported on reduced graphene oxide (denoted as rGO/NiCo2O4) is presented as a novel anode material for highly efficient and reversible lithium storage. A solution method is applied to grow Ni‐Co precursor nanosheets on rGO, in which the addition of trisodium citrate is found crucial to guide the formation of uniform Ni‐Co precursor nanosheets. Subsequent thermal treatment results in formation of crystalline NiCo2O4 nanosheets on rGO without damaging the morphology. The interconnected NiCo2O4 nanosheets form hierarchically porous films on both sides of rGO. Such a hybrid nanostructure would effectively promote the charge transport and withstand volume variation upon prolonged charge/discharge cycling. As a result, the rGO/NiCo2O4 nanocomposite demonstrates high reversible capacities of 954.3 and 656.5 mAh g–1 over 50 cycles at current densities of 200 and 500 mA g–1 respectively, and remarkable capacity retention at increased current densities.  相似文献   

6.
Sandwich‐type microporous hybrid carbon nanosheets (MHCN) consisting of graphene and microporous carbon layers are fabricated using graphene oxides as shape‐directing agent and the in‐situ formed poly(benzoxazine‐co‐resol) as carbon precursor. The reaction and condensation can be readily completed within 45 min. The obtained MHCN has a high density of accessible micropores that reside in the porous carbon with controlled thickness (e.g., 17 nm), a high surface area of 1293 m2 g?1 and a narrow pore size distribution of ca. 0.8 nm. These features allow an easy access, a rapid diffusion and a high loading of charged ions, which outperform the diffusion rate in bulk carbon and are highly efficient for an increased double‐layer capacitance. Meanwhile, the uniform graphene percolating in the interconnected MHCN forms the bulk conductive networks and their electrical conductivity can be up to 120 S m?1 at the graphene percolation threshold of 2.0 wt.%. The best‐practice two‐electrode test demonstrates that the MHCN show a gravimetric capacitance of high up to 103 F g?1 and a good energy density of ca. 22.4 Wh kg?1 at a high current density of 5 A g?1. These advanced properties ensure the MHCN a great promise as an electrode material for supercapacitors.  相似文献   

7.
Hybrid capacitors, especially sodium hybrid capacitors (NHCs), have continued to gain importance and are extensively studied based on their excellent potential to serve as advanced devices for fulfilling high energy and high power requirements at a low cost. To achieve remarkable performance in hybrid capacitors, the two electrodes employed must be superior with enhanced charge storage capability and fast kinetics. In this study, a new sodium hybrid capacitor system with a sodium super ionic conductor NaTi2(PO4)3 grown on graphene nanosheets as an intercalation electrode and 2D graphene nanosheets as an adsorption electrode is reported for the first time. This new system delivers a high energy density of ≈80 W h kg?1 and a high specific power of 8 kW kg?1. An ultralow performance fading of ≈0.13% per 1000 cycles (90%–75 000 cycles) outperforms previously reported sodium ion capacitors. The enhanced charge transfer kinetics and reduced interfacial resistance at high current rates deliver a high specific energy without compromising the high specific power along with high durability, and thereby bridge batteries and capacitors. This new research on kinetically enhanced NHCs can be a trendsetter for the development of advanced energy storage devices requiring high energy—high power.  相似文献   

8.
Highly conductive and ultrathin 2D nanosheets are of importance for the development of portable electronics and electric vehicles. However, scalable production and rational design for highly electronic and ionic conductive 2D nanosheets still remain a challenge. Herein, an industrially adoptable fluid dynamic exfoliation process is reported to produce large quantities of ionic liquid (IL)‐functionalized metallic phase MoS2 (m‐MoS2) and defect‐free graphene (Gr) sheets. Hybrid 2D–2D layered films are also fabricated by incorporating Gr sheets into compact m‐MoS2 films. The incorporated IL functionalities and Gr sheets prevent aggregation and restacking of the m‐MoS2 sheets, thereby creating efficient and rapid ion and electron pathways in the hybrid films. The hybrid film with a high packing density of 2.02 g cm?3 has an outstanding volumetric capacitance of 1430.5 F cm?3 at 1 A g?1 and an extremely high rate capability of 80% retention at 1000 A g?1. The flexible supercapacitor assembled using a polymer‐gel electrolyte exhibits excellent resilience to harsh electrochemical and mechanical conditions while maintaining an impressive rate performance and long cycle life. Successful achievement of an ultrahigh volumetric energy density (1.14 W h cm?3) using an organic electrolyte with a wide cell voltage of ≈3.5 V is demonstrated.  相似文献   

9.
A hybrid nanoarchitecture aerogel composed of WS2 nanosheets and carbon nanotube‐reduced graphene oxide (CNT‐rGO) with ordered microchannel three‐dimensional (3D) scaffold structure was synthesized by a simple solvothermal method followed by freeze‐drying and post annealing process. The 3D ordered microchannel structures not only provide good electronic transportation routes, but also provide excellent ionic conductive channels, leading to an enhanced electrochemical performance as anode materials both for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Significantly, WS2/CNT‐rGO aerogel nanostructure can deliver a specific capacity of 749 mA h g?1 at 100 mA g?1 and a high first‐cycle coulombic efficiency of 53.4% as the anode material of LIBs. In addition, it also can deliver a capacity of 311.4 mA h g?1 at 100 mA g?1, and retain a capacity of 252.9 mA h g?1 at 200 mA g?1 after 100 cycles as the anode electrode of SIBs. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergistic effect between the WS2 nanosheets and CNT‐rGO scaffold network and rational design of 3D ordered structure. These results demonstrate the potential applications of ordered CNT‐rGO aerogel platform to support transition‐metal‐dichalcogenides (i.e., WS2) for energy storage devices and open up a route for material design for future generation energy storage devices.  相似文献   

10.
Finding suitable electrode materials for alkali‐metal‐ion storage is vital to the next‐generation energy‐storage technologies. Polyantimonic acid (PAA, H2Sb2O6 · nH2O), having pentavalent antimony species and an interconnected tunnel‐like pyrochlore crystal framework, is a promising high‐capacity energy‐storage material. Fabricating electrochemically reversible PAA electrode materials for alkali‐metal‐ion storage is a challenge and has never been reported due to the extremely poor intrinsic electronic conductivity of PAA associated with the highest oxidation state Sb(V). Combining nanostructure engineering with a conductive‐network construction strategy, here is reported a facile one‐pot synthesis protocol for crafting uniform internal‐void‐containing PAA nano‐octahedra in a composite with nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (PAA?N‐RGO), and for the first time, realizing the reversible storage of both Li+ and K+ ions in PAA?N‐RGO. Such an architecture, as validated by theoretical calculations and ex/in situ experiments, not only fully takes advantage of the large‐sized tunnel transport pathways (0.37 nm2) of PAA for fast solid‐phase ionic diffusion but also leads to exponentially increased electrical conductivity (3.3 S cm?1 in PAA?N‐RGO vs 4.8 × 10?10 S cm?1 in bare‐PAA) and yields an inside‐out buffer function for accommodating volume expansion. Compared to electrochemically irreversible bare‐PAA, PAA?N‐RGO manifests reversible conversion‐alloying of Sb(V) toward fast and durable Li+‐ and K+‐ion storage.  相似文献   

11.
Capacitive carbons are attractive for energy storage on account of their superior rate and cycling performance over traditional battery materials, but they usually suffer from a far lower volumetric energy density. Starting with expanded graphene, a simple, multifunctional molten sodium amide treatment for the preparation of high‐density graphene with high capacitive performance in both aqueous and lithium battery electrolytes is reported. The molten sodium amide can condense the expanded graphene, lead to nitrogen doping and, what is more important, create moderate in‐plane nanopores on graphene to serve as ion access shortcuts in dense graphene stacks. The resulting high‐density graphene electrode can deliver a volumetric capacitance of 522 F cm?3 in a potassium hydroxide electrolyte; and in a lithium‐ion battery electrolyte, it exhibits a gravimetric and volumetric energy density of 618 W h kg?1 and 740 W h L?1, respectively, and even outperforms commercial LiFePO4.  相似文献   

12.
The current Na+ storage performance of carbon‐based materials is still hindered by the sluggish Na+ ion transfer kinetics and low capacity. Graphene and its derivatives have been widely investigated as electrode materials in energy storage and conversion systems. However, as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), the severe π–π restacking of graphene sheets usually results in compact structure with a small interlayer distance and a long ion transfer distance, thus leading to low capacity and poor rate capability. Herein, partially reduced holey graphene oxide is prepared by simple H2O2 treatment and subsequent low temperature reduction of graphene oxide, leading to large interlayer distance (0.434 nm), fast ion transport, and larger Na+ storage space. The partially remaining oxygenous groups can also contribute to the capacity by redox reaction. As anode material for SIBs, the optimized electrode delivers high reversible capacity, high rate capability (365 and 131 mAh g?1 at 0.1 and 10 A g?1, respectively), and good cycling performance (163 mAh g?1 after 3000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g?1), which is among the best reported performances for carbon‐based SIB anodes.  相似文献   

13.
Antimony (Sb) has emerged as an attractive anode material for both lithium and sodium ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity of 660 mA h g?1. In this work, a novel peapod‐like N‐doped carbon hollow nanotube encapsulated Sb nanorod composite, the so‐called nanorod‐in‐nanotube structured Sb@N‐C, via a bottom‐up confinement approach is designed and fabricated. The N‐doped‐carbon coating and thermal‐reduction process is monitored by in situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction characterization. Due to its advanced structural merits, such as sufficient N‐doping, 1D conductive carbon coating, and substantial inner void space, the Sb@N‐C demonstrates superior lithium/sodium storage performance. For lithium storage, the Sb@N‐C exhibits a high reversible capacity (650.8 mA h g?1 at 0.2 A g?1), excellent long‐term cycling stability (a capacity decay of only 0.022% per cycle for 3000 cycles at 2 A g?1), and ultrahigh rate capability (343.3 mA h g?1 at 20 A g?1). For sodium storage, the Sb@N‐C nanocomposite displays the best long‐term cycle performance among the reported Sb‐based anode materials (a capacity of 345.6 mA h g?1 after 3000 cycles at 2 A g?1) and an impressive rate capability of up to 10 A g?1. The results demonstrate that the Sb@N‐C nanocomposite is a promising anode material for high‐performance lithium/sodium storage.  相似文献   

14.
Transition metal nitrides are promising energy storage materials in regard to good metallic conductivity and high theoretical specific capacity, but their cycling stability is impeded by the huge volume change caused by the conversion reaction mechanism. Here, a simple strategy to produce an intercalation pseudocapacitive‐type vanadium nitride (VN) by one‐step ammonification of V2C MXene for sodium‐ion batteries is reported. Profiting from a distinctive layered structure pillared by Al atoms in the layer spacing, it delivers a high capacity of 372 mA h g?1 at 50 mA g?1 and a desirable rate performance. More importantly, it shows remarkably long cycling stability over 7500 cycles without capacity attenuation at 500 mA g?1. As expected, it is found that the intercalation pseudocapacitance plays an important role in the excellent performance, by using in situ X‐ray diffraction and ex situ X‐ray absorption structure characterization. Even more remarkable, are the high energy and power density of the sodium‐ion capacitor after coupling with a carbon‐based cathode. The hybrid device possesses an energy density of 78.43 Wh kg?1 at power density of 260 W kg?1. The results clearly show that such a unique‐layered VN with outstanding Na storage capability is an excellent new material for energy storage systems.  相似文献   

15.
Sodium (Na) super ion conductor structured Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) is extensively explored as cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its large interstitial channels for Na+ migration. The synthesis of 3D graphene‐like structure coated on NVP nanoflakes arrays via a one‐pot, solid‐state reaction in molten hydrocarbon is reported. The NVP nanoflakes are uniformly coated by the in situ generated 3D graphene‐like layers with the thickness of 3 nm. As a cathode material, graphene covered NVP nanoflakes exhibit excellent electrochemical performances, including close to theoretical reversible capacity (115.2 mA h g?1 at 1 C), superior rate capability (75.9 mA h g?1 at 200 C), and excellent cyclic stability (62.5% of capacity retention over 30000 cycles at 50 C). Furthermore, the 3D graphene‐like cages after removing NVP also serve as a good anode material and deliver a specific capacity of 242.5 mA h g?1 at 0.1 A g?1. The full SIB using these two cathode and anode materials delivers a high specific capacity (109.2 mA h g?1 at 0.1 A g?1) and good cycling stability (77.1% capacity retention over 200 cycles at 0.1 A g?1).  相似文献   

16.
Novel 2D van der Waals heterostructures with innovative bimetallic oxychloride (Bi‐ and Sb‐based oxychloride) nanosheets that are well dispersed on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets, are established through element engineering for superior potassium ion battery (PIBs) anodes. This material displays an exceptional electrochemical performance, obtaining a discharge capacity as high as 360 mAh g?1 at 100 mA g?1 after running 1000 cycles for over 9 months with a capacity preservation percentage of 88.5% and achieving a discharge capacity as high as 319 mAh g?1 at 1000 mA g?1, in addition to the low charge/discharge plateaus for anodes and promising full cell performance. More significantly, the nature of such 2D van der Waals heterostructures, including the element engineering for morphology control, the function of each component of heterostructures, the mechanism of potassium ion storage, and the process of K+ intercalation accompanied with the lattice distortion and chemical bond breakages, is explored in depth. This study is critical for not only paving the way for the practical application of PIBs but also shedding light on fundamentals of potassium ion storage in 2D van der Waals heterostructures.  相似文献   

17.
Smart hybridization of active materials into tailored electrode structure is highly important for developing advanced electrochemical energy storage devices. With the help of sandwiched design, herein a powerful strategy is developed to fabricate three‐layer sandwiched composite core/shell arrays via combined hydrothermal and polymerization approaches. In such a unique architecture, wrinkled MoSe2 nanosheets are sandwiched by vertical graphene (VG) core and N‐doped carbon (N‐C) shell forming sandwiched core/shell arrays. Interesting advantages including high electrical conductivity, strong mechanical stability, and large porosity are combined in the self‐supported VG/MoSe2/N‐C sandwiched arrays. As a preliminary test, the sodium ion storage properties of VG/MoSe2/N‐C sandwiched arrays are characterized and demonstrated with high capacity (540 mA h g?1), enhanced high rate capability, and long‐term cycling stability (298 mA h g?1 at 2.0 A g?1 after 1000 cycles). The sandwiched core/shell structure plays positive roles in the enhancement of electrochemical performances due to dual conductive carbon networks, good volume accommodation, and highly porous structure with fast ion diffusion. The directional electrode design protocol provides a general method for synthesis of high‐performance ternary core/shell electrodes.  相似文献   

18.
The fabrication of fully printable, flexible micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) with high energy and power density remains a significant technological hurdle. To overcome this grand challenge, the 2D material MXene has garnered significant attention for its application, among others, as a printable electrode material for high performing electrochemical energy storage devices. Herein, a facile and in situ process is proposed to homogeneously anchor hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuO2) nanoparticles on Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets. The resulting RuO2@MXene nanosheets can associate with silver nanowires (AgNWs) to serve as a printable electrode with micrometer‐scale resolution for high performing, fully printed MSCs. In this printed nanocomposite electrode, the RuO2 nanoparticles contribute high pseudocapacitance while preventing the MXene nanosheets from restacking, ensuring an effective ion highway for electrolyte ions. The AgNWs coordinate with the RuO2@MXene to guarantee the rheological property of the electrode ink, and provide a highly conductive network architecture for rapid charge transport. As a result, MSCs printed from the nanocomposite inks demonstrate volumetric capacitances of 864.2 F cm?3 at 1 mV s?1, long‐term cycling performance (90% retention after 10 000 cycles), good rate capability (304.0 F cm?3 at 2000 mV s?1), outstanding flexibility, remarkable energy (13.5 mWh cm?3) and power density (48.5 W cm?3).  相似文献   

19.
Lithium‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (LICs) are considered as a promising candidate in energy storage systems. Taking the factor of sluggish kinetics behavior, battery‐type anode plays a significant role in improving the performance of LICs. Here, onion‐shaped graphene‐like derivatives are synthesized via carbonization of metalorganic quantum dots (MQDs) accompanied with in situ catalytic graphitization by reduced metal. Notably MQDs, exhibiting water‐soluble character and ultrafine particles (2.5–5.5 nm) morphology, are prepared by the amidation reaction. The carbonized sample exhibits highly graphitic tendency with graphitization degree up to 95.6%, and shows graphene‐like porous structure, appropriate amorphous carbon decoration characteristic, as well as N‐doping and defective nature. When employed as anode material in LICs, it shows high energy density of 83.7 Wh kg–1 and high power density of 6527 W kg–1 when the mass ratio of cathode to anode is 1:1 and the operating voltage ranges from 2.0 to 4.0 V. It also possesses the long cyclic stability with the energy density retention maintains at 97.3% after 10 000 cycles at 5.0 A g–1. In addition, the energy density is further increased by altering cathode/anode mass ratio and extending working voltage. This work provides a novel strategy to develop unique carbon materials for energy storage.  相似文献   

20.
Potassium ion storage technology as a promising substitute for the well‐developed lithium ion storage technology is still at the infancy stage of development, and exploring suitable electrode materials is critical for its practical application. Here, the great feasibility of disordered, large interlayer spacing, and oxygen‐rich carbon nanosheets (CNSs) prepared by chemical vapor deposition for potassium ion storage applications is demonstrated. As an anode material, the CNSs exhibit outstanding rate capability as well as excellent cyclic stability. Taking advantage of this, a potassium ion hybrid capacitor (PIHC) is constructed by employing such CNSs as the battery‐type anode and activated carbon as the capacitor‐type cathode. The resulting device displays a high energy density of 149 Wh kg?1, an ultrahigh power output of 21 kW kg?1, as well as a long cycling life (80% capacity retention after 5000 cycles), which are all close to the state‐of‐the‐art values for PIHCs. This work promotes the development of high‐performance anode material for potassium ion storage devices, and the designed PIHC pushes the energy density and power density to a higher level.  相似文献   

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