共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Zhenyu Gao Qian Qian Xiaohui Liu Meixian Yan Qi Feng Guojun Dong Jian Liu Bin Han 《Plant molecular biology》2009,71(3):265-276
Rice architecture is an important agronomic trait that affects grain yield. We characterized a tillering dwarf mutant d88 derived from Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cultivar Lansheng treated with EMS. The mutant had excessive shorter tillers and smaller panicles and seeds compared to the
wild-type. A reduction in number and size of parenchyma cells around stem marrow cavity as well as a delay in the elongation
of parenchyma cells caused slender tillers and dwarfism in the d88 mutant. The D88 gene was isolated via map-based cloning and identified to encode a putative esterase. The gene was expressed in most rice
organs, with especially high levels in the vascular tissues. The mutant carried a nucleotide substitution in the first exon
of the gene that led to the substitution of arginine for glycine, which presumably disrupted the functionally conserved N-myristoylation domain of the protein. The function of the gene was confirmed by complementation test and antisense analysis.
D88, thus, represents a new category of genes that regulates cell growth and organ development and consequently plant architecture.
The potential relationship between the tiller formation associated genes and D88 is discussed and future identification of the substrate for D88 may lead to the characterization of new pathways regulating
plant development.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Identification of a New Rice Low-Tiller Mutant and Association Analyses Based on the SLAF-seq Method
Yan Li Xiao-Fang Zeng Yi-Chen Zhao Jian-Rong Li De-Gang Zhao 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》2017,35(1):72-82
By studying the regulatory mechanism by which rice tillers are controlled, many rice mutants were described as providing important insights into the investigation of tillering control. In this study, we surveyed a new rice mutant produced by ethyl methane sulfonate induction, designated as Oryza sativa low-tiller 1 (oslt1), which had been planted to the fourth generation and proved to stably inherit the low-tillering trait. The statistical analysis of the number of tillers in oslt1 showed that there was a significant lack of tillering in the mutant lines, with the average number being 2.33 as opposed to 8.00 in wild-type plants. The data from a series of crossed populations, including F2 populations produced by selfing of the offspring of oslt1?×?ptb and backcross populations of the F1 generation?×?oslt1, indicated that a single recessive gene controlled the low-tillering trait. To locate the recessive gene, the crossed population in the F2 generation from two parents, oslt1 and Peiai 64, was constructed and the population was used for bulked segregate analysis based on specific locus amplified fragment-sequencing (SLAF-seq) method. The results showed that approximately 100 differential markers were procured by analyzing 7437 polymorphic SLAFs and 1 primary region associated with low-tillering characteristics located on Chr12. In the associated regions, there were 34 candidate genes of 0.24 Mb that might be related to the number of low tillers in oslt1 plants. All of these results are necessary for further fine mapping for this low tillering-related gene. In addition, these identified SLAF-tags will be valuable for marker-assisted selection in rice breeding. 相似文献
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Tom Drader Kara Johnson Robert Brueggeman Dave Kudrna Andris Kleinhofs 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,118(4):811-820
Approaches utilizing microlinearity between related species allow for the identification of syntenous regions and orthologous
genes. Within the barley Chromosome 7H(1) is a region of high recombination flanked by molecular markers cMWG703 and MWG836.
We present the constructed physical contigs linked to molecular markers across this region using bacterial artificial chromosomes
(BAC) from the cultivar Morex. Barley expressed sequence tags (EST), identified by homology to rice chromosome 6 between the
rice molecular markers C425A and S1434, corresponded to the barley syntenous region of Chromosome 7H(1) Bins 2–5 between molecular
markers cMWG703-MWG836. Two hundred and thirteen ESTs were genetically mapped yielding 267 loci of which 101 were within the
target high recombination region while 166 loci mapped elsewhere. The 101 loci were joined by 43 other genetic markers resulting
in a highly saturated genetic map. In order to develop a physical map of the region, ESTs and all other molecular markers
were used to identify Morex BAC clones. Seventy-four BAC contigs were formed containing 2–102 clones each with an average
of 19 and a median of 13 BAC clones per contig. Comparison of the BAC contigs, generated here, with the Barley Physical Mapping
Database contigs, resulted in additional overlaps and a reduction of the contig number to 56. Within cMWG703-MWG836 are 24
agriculturally important traits including the seedling spot blotch resistance locus, Rcs5. Genetic and physical analysis of this region and comparison to rice indicated an inversion distal of the Rcs5 locus. Three BAC clone contigs spanning the Rcs5 locus were identified.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Sequencing of 15 622 gene‐bearing BACs clarifies the gene‐dense regions of the barley genome
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MingCheng Luo Kavitha Madishetty Jan T. Svensson Matthew J. Moscou Steve Wanamaker Tao Jiang Andris Kleinhofs Gary J. Muehlbauer Roger P. Wise Nils Stein Yaqin Ma Edmundo Rodriguez Dave Kudrna Prasanna R. Bhat Shiaoman Chao Pascal Condamine Shane Heinen Josh Resnik Rod Wing Heather N. Witt Matthew Alpert Marco Beccuti Serdar Bozdag Francesca Cordero Hamid Mirebrahim Rachid Ounit Yonghui Wu Frank You Jie Zheng Hana Simková Jaroslav Dolezel Jane Grimwood Jeremy Schmutz Denisa Duma Lothar Altschmied Tom Blake Phil Bregitzer Laurel Cooper Muharrem Dilbirligi Anders Falk Leila Feiz Andreas Graner Perry Gustafson Patrick M. Hayes Peggy Lemaux Jafar Mammadov Timothy J. Close 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2015,84(1):216-227
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) possesses a large and highly repetitive genome of 5.1 Gb that has hindered the development of a complete sequence. In 2012, the International Barley Sequencing Consortium released a resource integrating whole‐genome shotgun sequences with a physical and genetic framework. However, because only 6278 bacterial artificial chromosome (BACs) in the physical map were sequenced, fine structure was limited. To gain access to the gene‐containing portion of the barley genome at high resolution, we identified and sequenced 15 622 BACs representing the minimal tiling path of 72 052 physical‐mapped gene‐bearing BACs. This generated ~1.7 Gb of genomic sequence containing an estimated 2/3 of all Morex barley genes. Exploration of these sequenced BACs revealed that although distal ends of chromosomes contain most of the gene‐enriched BACs and are characterized by high recombination rates, there are also gene‐dense regions with suppressed recombination. We made use of published map‐anchored sequence data from Aegilops tauschii to develop a synteny viewer between barley and the ancestor of the wheat D‐genome. Except for some notable inversions, there is a high level of collinearity between the two species. The software HarvEST:Barley provides facile access to BAC sequences and their annotations, along with the barley–Ae. tauschii synteny viewer. These BAC sequences constitute a resource to improve the efficiency of marker development, map‐based cloning, and comparative genomics in barley and related crops. Additional knowledge about regions of the barley genome that are gene‐dense but low recombination is particularly relevant. 相似文献
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Zhang L Fetch T Nirmala J Schmierer D Brueggeman R Steffenson B Kleinhofs A 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2006,113(5):847-855
Rpg1 is a stem rust resistance gene that has protected barley from severe losses for over 60 years in the US and Canada. It confers resistance to many, but not all, pathotypes of the stem rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. A fast neutron induced deletion mutant, showing susceptibility to stem rust pathotype Pgt-MCC, was identified in barley cv. Morex, which carries Rpg1. Genetic and Rpg1 mRNA and protein expression level analyses showed that the mutation was a suppressor of Rpg1 and was designated Rpr1 (Required for P. graminis resistance). Genome-wide expression profiling, using the Affymetrix Barley1 GeneChip containing ∼22,840 probe sets, was conducted with Morex and the rpr1 mutant. Of the genes represented on the Barley1 microarray, 20 were up-regulated and 33 were down-regulated by greater than twofold in the mutant, while the Rpg1 mRNA level remained constant. Among the highly down-regulated genes (greater than fourfold), genomic PCR, RT-PCR and Southern analyses identified that three genes (Contig4901_s_at, HU03D17U_s_at, and Contig7061_s_at), were deleted in the rpr1 mutant. These three genes mapped to chromosome 4(4H) bin 5 and co-segregated with the rpr1-mediated susceptible phenotype. The loss of resistance was presumed to be due to a mutation in one or more of these genes. However, the possibility exists that there are other genes within the deletions, which are not represented on the Barley1 GeneChip. The Rpr1 gene was not required for Rpg5- and rpg4-mediated stem rust resistance, indicating that it shows specificity to the Rpg1-mediated resistance pathway. 相似文献
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Babb S Muehlbauer GJ 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,106(5):846-857
Axillary meristem growth and development help define plant architecture in barley (Hordeum vulgare L). Plants carrying the recessive uniculm2 (cul2) mutation initiate vegetative axillary meristem development but fail to develop tillers. In addition, inflorescence axillary meristems develop into spikelets, but the spikelets at the distal end of the inflorescence have an altered phyllotaxy and are sometimes absent. Double mutant combinations of cul2 and nine other recessive mutations that exhibit low to high tiller number phenotypes resulted in a uniculm vegetative phenotype. One exception was the occasional multiple shoots produced in combination with granum-a; a high tillering mutant that occasionally produces two shoot apical meristems. These results show that the CUL2 gene product plays a role in the development of axillary meristems into tillers but does not regulate the development of vegetative apical meristems. Moreover, novel double-mutant inflorescence phenotypes were observed with cul2 in combination with the other mutants. These data show that the wild-type CUL2 gene product is involved in controlling proper inflorescence development and that it functions in combination with some of the other genes that affect branching. Our genetic analysis indicates that there are genetically separate but not distinct regulatory controls on vegetative and inflorescence axillary development. Finally, to facilitate future positionally cloning of cul2, we positioned cul2 on chromosome 6(6H) of the barley RFLP map. 相似文献
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Tiller number can contribute significantly to yield potential of rice, but little knowledge is available on hormonal regulation
of tillering and tiller dynamics. In the present study, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), kinetin (6-furfuryl amino purine) and
Gibberellic acid (GA3) treatments have been applied at the early tillering stage to two rice cultivars that contrast for tiller number. The responses
of the hormones were studied on growth, development, grain yield, senescence patterns, assimilate concentration of the panicle
and ethylene production in different classes of tillers. The leaf area, panicle grain number, fertility percentage and grain
yield of tillers were higher in the low-tillering cultivar than that of high-tillering cultivar; the treatment of kinetin
was more effective in the latter than in the former. High ethylene production was responsible for reduction of growth duration
and grain yield of the tillers. Kinetin application reduced ethylene production of the late-tillers significantly for the
benefit of grain yield. 相似文献
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Gabriele Delp Therese Gradin Inger Åhman Lisbeth M. V. Jonsson 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2009,281(3):233-248
The bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) is an important pest on cereals causing plant growth reduction without specific leaf symptoms. Breeding of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for R. padi resistance shows that there are several resistance genes, reducing aphid growth. To identify candidate sequences for resistance-related
genes, we performed microarray analysis of gene expression after aphid infestation in two susceptible and two partially resistant
barley genotypes. One of the four lines is a descendant of two of the other genotypes. There were large differences in gene
induction between the four lines, indicating substantial variation in response even between closely related genotypes. Genes
induced in aphid-infested tissue were mainly related to defence, primary metabolism and signalling. Only 24 genes were induced
in all lines, none of them related to oxidative stress or secondary metabolism. Few genes were down-regulated, with none being
common to all four lines. There were differences in aphid-induced gene regulation between resistant and susceptible lines.
Results from control plants without aphids also revealed differences in constitutive gene expression between the two types
of lines. Candidate sequences for induced and constitutive resistance factors have been identified, among them a proteinase
inhibitor, a serine/threonine kinase and several thionins.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cvs Hellas and Kajsa), grown in nutrient solutions, were supplied with15NO
3
−
from day 12 to day 16. Changes in distribution of15N between different plant parts were followed during ageing, (days 16, 28 and 52) to study differences in redistribution of
N induced by variation in NO
3
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supply and choice of cultivar.
Main stems and tillers competed for previously absorbed N and their competitive strength depended on their growth rate. Inhibition
of tillering during N stress protected the main stem from detrimental losses of a limiting resource. Tillers on Hellas received
in most cases proportionally more15N from the rest of the plant than tillers on Kajsa. 相似文献
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ERMIAS HABTE LUKAS M. MÜLLER MUNQEZ SHTAYA SETH J. DAVIS MARIA VON KORFF 《Plant, cell & environment》2014,37(6):1321-1337
The circadian clock is an important timing system that controls physiological responses to abiotic stresses in plants. However, there is little information on the effects of the clock on stress adaptation in important crops, like barley. In addition, we do not know how osmotic stress perceived at the roots affect the shoot circadian clock. Barley genotypes, carrying natural variation at the photoperiod response and clock genes Ppd‐H1 and HvELF3, were grown under control and osmotic stress conditions to record changes in the diurnal expression of clock and stress‐response genes and in physiological traits. Variation at HvELF3 affected the expression phase and shape of clock and stress‐response genes, while variation at Ppd‐H1 only affected the expression levels of stress genes. Osmotic stress up‐regulated expression of clock and stress‐response genes and advanced their expression peaks. Clock genes controlled the expression of stress‐response genes, but had minor effects on gas exchange and leaf transpiration. This study demonstrated that osmotic stress at the barley root altered clock gene expression in the shoot and acted as a spatial input signal into the clock. Unlike in Arabidopsis, barley primary assimilation was less controlled by the clock and more responsive to environmental perturbations, such as osmotic stress. 相似文献
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Rostoks N Schmierer D Mudie S Drader T Brueggeman R Caldwell DG Waugh R Kleinhofs A 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2006,275(2):159-168
Barley homolog of the Arabidopsis necrotic (disease lesion mimic) mutant HLM1 that encodes the cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 4 was cloned. Barley gene was mapped genetically to the known necrotic
locus nec1 and subsequent sequence analysis identified mutations in five available nec1 alleles confirming barley homolog of Arabidopsis HLM1 as the NEC1 gene. Two fast neutron (FN) induced mutants had extensive deletions in the gene, while two previously described nec1 alleles had either a STOP codon in exon 1 or a MITE insertion in intron 2 which caused alternative splicing, frame shift
and production of a predicted non-functional protein. The MITE insertion was consistent with the reported spontaneous origin
of the nec1 Parkland allele. The third FN mutant had a point mutation in the coding sequence which resulted in an amino acid change in
the conserved predicted cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel pore region. The expression of two pathogenesis-related genes,
HvPR-1a and β-1,3-glucanase, was elevated in two FN necrotic lines. Ten other members of the barley cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel
gene family were identified and their position on barley linkage map is reported.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
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Rostoks N Schmierer D Kudrna D Kleinhofs A 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,107(6):1094-1101
The hypersensitive response (HR) is one of the most-efficient forms of plant defense against biotrophic pathogens, and results in localized cell death and the formation of necrotic lesions; however, the molecular components of pathways leading to HR remain largely unknown. Barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare L.) cDNAs for putative hypersensitive-induced reaction (HIR) genes were isolated based on DNA and amino-acid homologies to maize HIR genes. Analyses of the cDNA and genomic sequences and genetic mapping found four distinct barley HIR genes, Hv-hir1, Hv-hir2, Hv-hir3 and Hv-hir4, on chromosomes 4(4H) bin10, 7(5H) bin04, 7(5H) bin07 and 1(7H) bin03, respectively. Hv-hir1, Hv-hir2 and Hv-hir3 genes were highly homologous at both DNA and the deduced amino-acid level, but the Hv-hir4 gene was similar to the other genes only at the amino-acid sequence level. Amino-acid sequence analyses of the barley HIR proteins indicated the presence of the SPFH protein-domain characteristic for the prohibitins and stomatins which are involved in control of the cell cycle and ion channels, as well as in other membrane-associated proteins from bacteria, plants and animals. HIR genes were expressed in all organs and developement stages analyzed, indicating a vital and non-redundant function. Barley fast-neutron mutants exhibiting spontaneous HR (disease lesion mimic mutants) showed up to a 35-fold increase in Hv-hir3 expression, implicating HIR genes in the induction of HR.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at Communicated by G. Wenzel 相似文献