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1.
The spawning season, spawning grounds, and migration of the myctophid fish Diaphus theta were studied in the western North Pacific, based on seasonal sampling and estimation of hatching dates. The peak abundance
of larvae was observed in July in the transition waters between the Oyashio and Kuroshio fronts. The spawning season ranged
from late March to early September, with a peak from May to July. Larvae and juveniles <40 mm in standard length were distributed
in the transition waters, whereas larger individuals were collected in the Oyashio and the Western Subarctic waters. These
results indicate that this species undergoes a horizontal spawning migration from the Oyashio and Western Subarctic waters
into the transition waters crossing the Oyashio front.
Received: July 11, 2002 / Revised: October 2, 2002 / Accepted: October 15, 2002
Acknowledgments We are grateful to the captains, officers, and crew of FRV Hokko-Maru, FRV Tankai-Maru, and RV Hakuho-Maru for their assistance at sea. We thank Dr. H. Saito and Mr. H. Kasai for their cooperation in field sampling, and Dr. C. Sassa
for his assistance with larval fish taxonomy.
Correspondence to:Masatoshi Moku 相似文献
2.
3.
A new marking technique for live fish eggs and larvae was proposed to elucidate the larval biology and adult breeding ecology
of wild fish. In the laboratory, females of a freshwater goby Rhinogobius sp. OR were abdominally injected with one of three coloring agents—brilliant blue FCF, rose Bengal, or β-carotene—before
their oviposition. The rose Bengal proved lethal to adult fish. The other two dyes had little effect on adult mortality. With
these two treatments, there were negative effects on neither fecundity nor egg mortality, resulting in normally developed
larvae. The brilliant blue FCF stained eggs and larvae greenish blue whereas the staining effect of β-carotene was unclear.
The timing of injection was important in effective staining of eggs and reducing the risk of miscarriage. In conclusion, the
brilliant blue FCF was the more useful marker. We discuss what this method can show us about the ecology of wild fish and
how this method can be applied to field study.
Received: March 6, 2002 / Revised: July 11, 2002 / Accepted: August 14, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" Present address: Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
(e-mail: nokuda@sci.ehime-u.ac.jp)
Acknowledgments I am grateful to K. Karino, M. Kohda, and A. Moriyama for giving us valuable advice and to M. Inoue and H. Miyatake for their
field assistance. This study was financially supported by Research Fellowships of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
for Young Scientists.
Correspondence to:Noboru Okuda 相似文献
4.
5.
The fluviatile Rhinogobius sp. 1 (hereinafter R. sp. 1) (Japanese name kibara-yoshinobori or English name yellow belly medium-egg type) is broadly distributed in the Ryukyu
Islands ranging from Amami-oshima Island to Iriomote Island. However, based on the molecular evidence, this species has probably
had multiple origins from amphidromous species. We compared the coloration of specimens at Amami-oshima I. with that of the
other specimens (islands) in the Ryukyu Is. Amami-oshima I. specimens of R. sp. 1 were different from the specimens of other populations in having five to six cross lines on the caudal fin. We examined
the early life history of fluviatile Rhinogobius at Amami-oshima I., based on rearing experiments, and estimated the age of wild specimens by counting otolith increments.
Spawned egg capsules of “Rhinogobius sp. 1” at Amami-oshima I. were larger than those of amphidromous species. Their developmental stage in newly hatched larvae
was similar to that of Okinawan R. sp. 1 in having a straight notochord; however, it had a flexed notochord earlier than that of Rhinogobius sp. 2 (hereinafter R. sp. 2) (aobara-yoshinobori or blue belly medium-egg type). The ontogenetic trajectory of “Rhinogobius sp. 1” in Amami-oshima I. was similar to Okinawan R. sp. 1 (30 days in larval duration) but different from R. sp. 2 (15 days). In amphidromous relatives of R. sp. 2, developmental timing during larval period was earlier than in the amphidromous relatives of R. sp. 1. It has been suggested that the phenomenon of fluvial landlocking has been accompanied somewhat by egg size increase
(on the basis of a few examples). However, the ontogenetic trajectories of fluviatile Rhinogobius species may be a reflection of those of ancestral amphidromous species.
Received: March 18, 2002 / Revised: November 7, 2002 / Accepted: December 10, 2002 相似文献
6.
Both growth and migratory history of the Pacific Ocean forms of the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus collected in Otsuchi Bay, northeastern Japan, were examined using otolith microstructure and analysis of strontium (Sr) and
calcium (Ca) concentrations with wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry by an electron microprobe. Age of the juveniles
(21.6–25.9 mm in total length) examined ranged from 101 to 128 days (115 ± 8.5 days; mean ± SD), hatching being estimated
as having occurred between March and April 2001. The Sr : Ca ratios in the otoliths changed with both ontogenic development
and salinity of the habitat. The otolith Sr : Ca ratios increased gradually from 4.1 × 10−3 around the core to 7.5 × 10−3 around the edge of the otolith. The fluctuation pattern of otolith Sr : Ca ratios was different from those observed in both
freshwater resident and anadromous forms in previous studies. These results suggested that the fish sampled spend their lives
in the estuarine and sea environment without freshwater life after hatching.
Received: June 5, 2002 / Revised: September 11, 2002 / Accepted: September 24, 2002
Acknowledgments We thank Mr. K. Morita and crews of the Otsuchi Marine Research Center, Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo
for their assistance in collecting specimens. This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid No. 13760138 from the Ministry
of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
Correspondence to:Takaomi Arai 相似文献
7.
Takaomi Arai Aya Kotake Madoka Ohji Michael J. Miller Katsumi Tsukamoto Nobuyuki Miyazaki 《Ichthyological Research》2003,50(1):0078-0081
The age and migratory history of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, collected along the Sanriku Coast of Japan, were examined using otolith microstructure and analysis of strontium (Sr) and
calcium (Ca) concentrations. The mean Sr : Ca ratios from the elver mark to the otolith edge indicated that there were eels
with several general categories of migratory history, including sea eels that never entered freshwater and others which had
entered freshwater for brief periods but returned to the estuary or bay. This first evidence of the occurrence of sea eels
in this northern area indicates that Japanese eels of the Sanriku Coast do not necessarily migrate into freshwater rivers.
Received: May 15, 2002 / Revised: August 4, 2002 / Accepted: August 15, 2002
Acknowledgments We thank Messrs. S. Yamane and K. Morita, and crews of the Otsuchi Marine Research Center, Ocean Research Institute, The
University of Tokyo, for their assistance in collecting the eels. This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid No. 13760138
from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
Correspondence to:Takaomi Arai 相似文献
8.
9.
Kazumi Hosoya Hiroshi Ashiwa Masakazu Watanabe Ken-ya Mizuguchi Toshio Okazaki 《Ichthyological Research》2003,50(1):0001-0008
Two biological types of Japanese dark chub, so-called types A and B of Zacco temminckii, were taxonomically inspected. A comparison of types A and B with the lectotypes of Leuciscus sieboldii and L. temminckii in Siebold's collection revealed that type A is identical to L. sieboldii, whereas type B matches L. temminckii. Hence, Zacco sieboldii and Z. temminckii were redescribed on the basis of the lectotype and additional specimens from Japan. Zacco sieboldii is distinguishable from Z. temminckii by having a narrower band on the anterior portion of both body sides, nine branched rays of anal fin (10 in Z. temminckii), lateral line scales not less than 53 (not more than 52 in Z. temminckii), and scales above lateral line not less than 13 (not more than 11 in Z. temmincki). A key to the species of Japanese Zacco is also provided.
Received: August 15, 1999 / Revised: July 25, 2002 / Accepted: August 19, 2002
Acknowledgments We express our cordial thanks to all the following investigators: Dr. M.J.P. Van Oijen (RMNH) for the specimen loan of von
Siebold's collection; Professor San-Rin Jeon, Sang-Myung University (formerly, Seoul) for providing several papers on Korean
Zacco congeners; Dr. Harumi Sakai, National Fisheries University; Dr. Tetsuo Furukawa-Tanaka, Museum of Nature and Human Activities,
Hyogo; Dr. Seishi Kimura, Mie University; Dr. Akihisa Iwata, Kyoto University; Dr. Osamu Katano, National Research Institute
of Fisheries Sciences; Mr. Kazuo Hoshino, Oita Marine Palace; and Dr. Kouichi Kawamura, National Research Institute of Aquaculture,
for the valuable comments and information on the ecological aspects of both species of the Japanese dark chub.
Correspondence to:Kazumi Hosoya 相似文献
10.
Parakysis notialis sp. nov. is described from the Barito River drainage in southern Borneo. It can be distinguished from congeners in having
a unique combination of the following characters: head length 26.5–27.0% SL, conical head, presence of median concavity on
margin of lower lip, presence of laterosensory canal pore between inner and outer mandibular barbels, branched outer mandibular
barbels, branches of inner mandibular barbels separated, deeply forked caudal fin with pointed lobes, 5 pectoral fin rays,
10 branched principal caudal fin rays, sparsely pigmented caudal fin, and absence of light brown saddle from base of posteriormost
dorsal fin ray to caudal peduncle.
Received: February 11, 2002 / Revised: September 4, 2002 / Accepted: October 11, 2002
Acknowledgments We thank Takashige Idei for the gift of the specimens of the new species, and Darrell Siebert (BMNH), David Catania (CAS),
Karsten Hartel (MCZ), Douglas Nelson (UMMZ), and Kelvin Lim (ZRC) for permission to examine material under their care. Funding
from a Block Grant from the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan and the Rackham School
of Graduate Studies, University of Michigan provided financial support for this project.
Correspondence to:Heok Hee Ng 相似文献
11.
A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycenchelys</Emphasis> (Perciformes: Zoarcidae) from the Pacific coast of northern Japan 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Lycenchelys tohokuensis sp. nov. is described from five specimens, 199–270 mm SL. Unknown before 1997, specimens were collected along the Pacific
side of the Tohoku coast, from off Aomori to Fukushima prefectures at depths of 543–709 m. The species differs from all congeners
in the northwestern Pacific chiefly in the lack of pelvic fins, having a double lateral line configuration, relatively low
vertebral counts, two rows of palatine teeth, and its head pore pattern. The new species does not appear to be closely related
to any other northwestern Pacific Lycenchelys including the only other one without pelvic fins, Lycenchelys fedorovi Anderson and Balanov, 2000.
Received: March 26, 2002 / Revised: July 8, 2002 / Accepted: July 9, 2002
Acknowledgments We are indebted to Dr. Daiji Kitagawa, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institution, and participants in his research cruises,
including Drs. T. Hattori, Y. Shimizu, K. Uchikawa, and T. Nobetsu, for collecting and supplying the five specimens described
here. We also thank the crews of the R/V Wakataka-Maru and T/V Tanshu-Maru for their help aboard ship. Elaine Heemstra, J.L.B. Smith Institute, South Africa, rendered the figures.
Correspondence to:M. Eric Anderson 相似文献
12.
13.
Phylogenetic relationships of four species of floating gobies (Gymnogobius) as inferred from partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Shigeo Harada Sang-Rin Jeon Izumi Kinoshita Masaru Tanaka Mutsumi Nishida 《Ichthyological Research》2002,49(4):324-332
To clarify the intra- and interspecific relationships of four Gymnogobius species, G. urotaenia, G. isaza, Gymnogobius sp. 1 (sumiukigori), and Gymnogobius sp. 2 (shimaukigori), partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences of 639 bp were obtained for a total of 31 specimens from Japan and Korea, plus 2 outgroup specimens. Twenty-nine
haplotypes were identified in the ingroup, with a total of 122 variable sites (19.1%). The individuals regarded as the same
species morphologically were monophyletic genetically. Sequence differences between amphidromous individuals of three species
distributed in both Japan and Korea were relatively small (0.16–1.25%). The largest intraspecific sequence difference was
observed between individuals of G. urotaenia from Lake Biwa and those from other localities (1.25–2.19%). Interspecific sequence differences ranged from 4.07% to 13.46%;
neighbor-joining, maximum-parsimony, and maximum-likelihood methods indicated that Gymnogobius sp. 2 diverged first, followed by G. isaza, with Gymnogobius sp. 1 and G. urotaenia being monophyletic. The estimated divergence time of each species, based on estimated divergence rates for mitochondrial
protein-coding genes already reported (0.8–2.8%/my), suggested that speciation occurred mainly in the Pliocene (possibly Miocene),
with G. isaza (a Lake Biwa endemic) diverging significantly earlier (probably Lake Kouga stage) than estimated in previous studies. In
contrast, according to the previous hypothesis, the substitution rates were highly overestimated to about 12–20%/my.
Received: November 19, 2001 / Revised: May 20, 2002 / Accepted: June 18, 2002
Acknowledgments Special thanks are due to Katsutoshi Watanabe and Yuji Yamazaki for valuable advice and providing fish samples. We also thank
Kouji Nakayama, Toshiyuki Ohkawa, Motoomi Yamaguchi, and members of the Laboratory of Marine Biology, Fukui Prefectural University,
and members of the Laboratory of Molecular Marine Biology, Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, and the Laboratory
of Marine Stock Enhancement, University of Kyoto, for their help and advice during the present study.
Correspondence to:Shigeo Harada 相似文献
14.
A new cardinalfish species, Gymnapogon melanogaster, is described from two specimens collected at night in the Gulf of Aqaba, Eilat, Israel. This species is characterized by
having 9 dorsal and 8 anal fin soft rays; 14–15 pectoral fin rays; 2 + 11 gill rakers; a flat, bifurcated preopercular spine;
a naked body without a papillae network; black pelvic fins; and a black stomach. It is similar to Gymnapogon vanderbilti (Fowler, 1938) that is known only from the Line Islands of the Central Pacific Ocean.
Received: December 26, 2001 / Revised: June 10, 2002 / Accepted: June 24, 2002
Acknowledgments We thank D. Didier and M. Sabaj of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, for loans of and for taking data from type
specimens; T.H. Fraser of the Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, kindly provided data on type specimens. We are grateful to
E. Heemstra of the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa, for the artwork presented
in this article and to A. Lerner of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, for his assistance in collecting the specimens.
Correspondence to:Ofer Gon 相似文献
15.
16.
A new acropomatid fish, Acropoma
argentistigma, is described on the basis of six specimens (59.0–107.5 mm in standard length) from the Andaman Sea, off southern Thailand
(Phuket Island). The new species is distinguished from all other congeners by the combination of the following characters:
a short U-shaped luminous gland, 16–18 gill rakers, anus situated about midway along depressed pelvic fin, proximal radial
of first anal fin pterygiophore with a trough, a single row of well-developed conical teeth on the lower jaw, and head length
40.0–41.1% of standard length.
Received: April 17, 2001 / Revised: April 15, 2002 / Accepted: May 7, 2002 相似文献
17.
H. Takahashi 《Mycoscience》2003,44(2):0103-0107
Three new species of Agaricales from eastern Honshu, Japan, are described and illustrated. (1) Clitocybe minutella sp. nov. (section Vernae), having white, very small, clitocyboid basidiomata with white, strigose mycelial tomentum at the base of the stipe and trichodermial
elements in the pileipellis, occurs on leaf litter in deciduous oak forests. (2) Crepidotus longicomatus sp.nov. (section Echinospori), forms very small (up to 3.5 mm in diameter), reniform basidiomata densely covered overall with white to pale yellow, erect,
thick-walled, long hairs. It has melleous, echinulate basidiospores, and was found on fallen dead branches in lowland oak
forests. (3) Crepidotus virgineus sp. nov. (section Crepidotus), forming pure white, reniform basidiomata, has smooth, ellipsoid basidiospores, subfusiform-pedicellate to irregularly cylindrical
cheilocystidia, and abundant clamp connections. It occurs on fallen dead branches in lowland oak forests.
Received: August 22, 2002 / Accepted: January 8, 2003
Acknowledgments I am grateful to Dr. Yousuke Degawa (KPM) for allowing the specimens cited to be kept in the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum
of Natural History.
Correspondence to:H. Takahashi 相似文献
18.
Female spawning strategy in Rhinogobius sp. OR: how do females deposit their eggs in the nest? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We tried to elucidate how females of a paternal nest brooding goby Rhinogohius sp. OR deposit their eggs in a nest, using a marking technique for live eggs under laboratory conditions in which male somatic
condition, nest space, and mating pattern (monogamous or bigamous) were controlled. Whether females rejected mating was independent
of either male quality, such as body size and somatic condition, or nest space. In a situation in which two females were allowed
to spawn sequentially with a male, however, females rejected mating at a higher rate when they were the first to spawn than
when they were the second to spawn; this is because eggs from first females were more vulnerable to cannibalism by parental
males and second females. Even when nest space was limited and thus was occupied by eggs from the first females, second females
could deposit all their eggs in the nest by using the minute interspace of existing eggs. In the presence of the parental
male, such a female seemed less likely to suffer a cost from increased egg mortality due to crowdedness, still holding the
advantage of being the second spawner. Finally, we extrapolated the field breeding ecology of this fish from the laboratory
data. It was suggested that a single monolayer brood of the same age usually consisted of eggs from multiple females and thus
the mating pattern would be more polygynous than previously expected.
Received: March 6, 2002 / Revised: July 11, 2002 / Accepted: August 14, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" Present address: Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
(e-mail: nokuda@sci.ehime-u.ac.jp)
Acknowledgments I am grateful to S. Sone and D. Takahashi for giving us useful information and to M. Inoue and H. Miyatake for their field
assistance. This study was financially supported by Research Fellowships of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
for Young Scientists.
Correspondence to:Noboru Okuda 相似文献
19.
Akihisa Torii Antony S. Harold Takakazu Ozawa Yukio Iwatsuki 《Ichthyological Research》2003,50(2):129-139
This study redescribes Bregmaceros mcclellandi Thompson, 1840, based on one specimen (74.4 mm SL) from the Bay of Bengal and 66 specimens (30.0–84.7 mm SL) from Mumbai
(Bombay), India, because the type specimens have apparently been lost. The present specimens are characterized by having black
dorsal, pectoral, and caudal fins and show the following morphology: caudal fin slightly forked; body chromatophores present
mainly at the dorsal part; no scales on cheek; vertebrae 52–55 (13–15 + 38–41); dorsal rays 52–59; anal rays 54–60; pectoral
rays 18–20; caudal rays 27–31 (principal rays 14); transverse scales 14–15. In the 66 Mumbai specimens, it was confirmed that
the distinctive black fin pigmentation developed sequentially with growth, with complete pigmentation first on the anterior
lobe of the dorsal fin, then simultaneously on the posterior lobe of the dorsal fin, the caudal fin, and the pectoral fin,
and last, on the anal fin. This species is known only from the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Gulf of Thailand. A review
of 16 nominal Bregmaceros species indicates that, besides B. mcclellandi, the distinctive dark fin pigmentation is found in B. atripinnis (Tickell), B. atlanticus Goode and Bean, B. japonicus Tanaka, and B. lanceolatus Shen. B. atripinnis is considered a junior synonym of B. mcclellandi, and the others are clearly distinct from B. mcclellandi. Comments are made on some of the characters to more fully characterize the species and for reference in future revisionary
and phylogenetic studies.
Received: June 17, 2002 / Revised: December 2, 2002 / Accepted: December 24, 2002 相似文献
20.