1株产纤维素酶细菌的筛选、鉴定及生长特性

分离筛选高效降解纤维素的菌株,并研究其生物学特性。利用刚果红染色法从腐烂的玉米秸秆中分离纤维素降解菌,再通过测定滤纸的降解率及多种酶活复筛。综合考虑水解圈和菌落直径(HC值),滤纸的降解率和酶活,对所筛选的菌株进行纤维素降解能力综合评价,最终获得1株具有纤维素降解能力的菌株DX4,其滤纸酶活(FPA酶活)、内切葡聚糖酶活力(CMC酶活)和外切葡聚糖酶活力(Cex酶活)分别为256.051、358.276和5.536 U/m L。结合形态学、生理生化特性和分子生物学鉴定,将该菌株鉴定为枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),命名为Bacillus subtilis DX4,简称BS-DX4。研究表明,BS-DX4的最适生长温度为40℃,最适生长pH为7.0,低盐浓度下生长旺盛,是具有开发潜力的纤维素酶高产菌株。     

稻草秸秆纤维素分解菌的分离筛选

本研究基于获得高效木质纤维素分解菌的目的,以刚果红纤维素琼脂和滤纸条培养基为初筛培养基,从分离获得的124株真菌中筛选出透明圈与菌落直径比值较大、滤纸条分解能力较强的11个菌株.经液体发酵,测定其酶活力,复筛得到羧甲基纤维素酶活和滤纸酶活均较高的4个菌株;并进行了不同碳源和不同pH对筛选菌株产酶能力的影响试验,发现不同菌株对不同纤维素物质的分解能力不一样,同一菌株对不同纤维素碳源的利用能力也不相同.     

三株高效秸秆纤维素降解真菌的筛选及其降解效果

【目的】利用多种筛选方法,获得高效秸秆纤维素降解真菌,并研究其秸秆纤维素的降解能力。【方法】采用滤纸片孔洞法、滤纸条降解法、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)水解圈测定法、秸秆失重法、纤维素分解率测定法、胞外酶活测定法等常规秸秆纤维素降解菌的筛选方法。【结果】筛选到3株具有较强纤维素降解能力的真菌菌株,经初步鉴定菌株98MJ为草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)、菌株W3为木霉(Trichoderma sp.)、菌株W4为扩张青霉(Penicillium expansum)。菌株W4具有非常强的秸秆纤维素降解能力,10d内对秸秆的降解率可达56.3%,对纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的分解率分别为59.06%、78.75%和33.79%。菌株W4的胞外纤维素酶活力在14.25-49.75U/mL之间。【结论】筛选获得3株高效秸秆纤维素降解真菌菌株,其中菌株W4的纤维素酶活高于已报道的菌株,是一株十分具有研究开发潜力的纤维素酶生产菌株。     

青海高原降解纤维素微生物的调查、分离、鉴定

从青海高原林区分离筛选 3 0 0余株分解纤维素的细菌及 3 1株降解纤维素的真菌。测定纤维素分解菌含量土样为 2 6× 1 0 5 g。对纤维素酶水解圈较大的 1 1株真菌 ,根据其滤纸酶活筛选出一株分离自互助北山森林的高产纤维素酶的真菌No 0 1 43菌株 ,根据其形态学及培养特征鉴定为康氏木霉 (TrichodermakoningiiQudem) ,该菌湿固体发酵物含滤纸酶活力(FPA)为 1 5u g。该菌无毒副作用 ,可用于饲料业     

青海高原降解纤维素微生物的调查、分离、鉴定*

从青海高原林区分离筛选 300余株分解纤维素的细菌及 31株降解纤维素的真菌。测定纤维素分解菌含量土样为 2.6×10⁵ g。对纤维素酶水解圈较大的11株真菌 ,根据其滤纸酶活筛选出一株分离自互助北山森林的高产纤维素酶的真菌No. 0143菌株 ,根据其形态学及培养特征鉴定为康氏木霉 (Trichodermakoningii Qudem) ,该菌湿固体发酵物含滤纸酶活力(FPA)为15u/g。该菌无毒副作用 ,可用于饲料业。     

秸秆降解菌的筛选及其纤维素降解性能的研究

通过秸秆粉平板、刚果红染色法以及小麦秸秆降解率来筛选高效秸秆降解菌,并测定菌株的胞外纤维素酶活来研究其秸秆纤维素的降解能力。结果表明,在所筛选的4株真菌中,菌株z-5的秸秆降解率最高,为47%;其次是菌株4-1、3-1和2-2,分别为45%、32%和31%,滤纸腐解实验结果与秸秆降解试验结果相似。4株秸秆降解菌均具有外切葡聚糖酶、内切葡聚糖酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶等3种纤维素酶,但变化趋势不同。菌株z-5和菌株4-1的三种酶活呈现出较好的协同性,菌株2-2和菌株3-1协同性较弱。通过秸秆粉平板,秸秆降解率测定以及滤纸孔洞法可以更准确快速地得到目的菌株;纤维素酶在秸秆降解中起着主导作用。     

产木质纤维素降解酶真菌的筛选及产酶特性

【背景】利用微生物处理秸秆引起研究者的广泛关注。【目的】筛选生长速度快、木质纤维素降解酶活性强的真菌菌株,用于植物秸秆降解和高效利用。【方法】从自然界采集的样品中分离纯化真菌菌株,利用PDA-愈创木酚和PDA-羧甲基纤维素钠平板初筛,再经过液体发酵检测漆酶酶活、羧甲基纤维素酶酶活及菌丝生长速率复筛目的菌株,通过内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)测序法对目的菌株进行鉴定,对目的菌株产漆酶和羧甲基纤维素酶活力进行测定及酶学性质研究。【结果】从样品中分离纯化到18株真菌,通过初筛筛选出9株产木质纤维素降解酶真菌菌株,再经过复筛,筛选出一株产漆酶、羧甲基纤维素酶活力高、菌丝生长快的菌株M1,经过分子生物学鉴定M1为糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus),其漆酶酶活为(243.59±1.11)U/mL,羧甲基纤维素酶酶活为(36.03±0.63) U/mL。在5 d的培养期内,菌丝生长速率为(9.43±0.32) mm/d。对菌株M1的发酵粗酶液的酶学性质进行了检测分析,结果表明,所产的漆酶在pH5.0-6.5相对酶活为90%以上,在pH ...     

一株玉米秸秆纤维素降解放线菌的筛选、鉴定及酶学特性研究

为解决玉米秸秆固废污染和秸秆资源有效利用问题，采用刚果红染色法（水解圈法）和3，5-二硝基水杨酸（DNS）法从玉米秸秆还田土壤中筛选到一株纤维素降解菌，并对该微生物进行生理生化和分子生物学鉴定，发现该菌株降解纤维素效果较好，经鉴定该菌株为纤维素链霉菌（Streptomyces cellulosae），命名为SJS-15，并对该菌株的酶学特性及纤维素降解能力进行了初步研究。结果表明，菌株SJS-15在发酵培养基中的纤维素酶活（CMC）峰值为30.5 U/mL，最适反应pH为6.0，滤纸酶活（FPA）峰值为25 U/mL，最适反应pH为8.0，两种酶均能在温度20~60 ℃，pH 4.0~10.0范围内保持较高酶活性。纤维素分解实验表明菌株SJS-15对玉米秸秆和滤纸有分解能力，40 d时对玉米秸秆降解率为35.6%（质量分数，下同），对滤纸降解率为18.6%。扫描电镜结果显示经菌株处理的玉米秸秆较对照有明显降解痕迹。菌株SJS-15具有良好的抗逆性和玉米秸秆纤维素分解能力，可作为玉米秸秆还田和堆肥发酵的高效菌株进行进一步研究。     

纤维素降解的菌株筛选及其运用

目的:筛选降解稻草纤维素菌株,为纤维素的高效降解提供理论依据.方法:采用羧甲基纤维素钠刚果红培养基与滤纸条培养基从采集的腐木、腐土和腐叶等样品中筛选出纤维素降解菌.然后经液态发酵后测定其羧甲基纤维素酶活力与降解稻草的天然纤维素酶活力,综合考虑这两种酶活力,对其进行单独与混合发酵培养.筛选分解稻草能力较强的菌株组合.结果:初筛到5株真菌和5株细菌纤维素降解力较优的菌株.经酶活力测定后,得到分解纤维素能力较强的两株真菌F3和F5与两株细菌B1和B5,其中F3和B1的羧甲基纤维素酶活分别为705.6U、214.6U;F5和B5天然纤维素酶活分别为466.5U、204.8 U.混合培养在一定程度上能提高纤维素酶活,F3/F5具有稳定而较高的酶活力,某时间段酶活高达646.8U,且后续酶活力也保持在较高水平.而F3/B5在某时间段的酶活高达788.6U.结论:菌株的混合培养可以提高纤维素酶活.     

发酵床中纤维素降解菌的分离与鉴定

从发酵床垫料中初步分离出43株纤维素降解菌。采用刚果红鉴别培养基及滤纸条培养基初筛,得到5株透明圈较大且使滤纸条产生崩解的菌株,通过进一步液体发酵,测定其CMC酶活、FPA酶活和天然纤维素酶活,获得2株具有较高纤维素降解活性菌株,并分别命名为F7和F21。经16S rRNA基因序列分子生物学鉴定和系统发育分析表明,这2株纤维素降解菌分别归属为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)和链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.)。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.