Mechanisms of cancer metastasis to the bone

Some of the most common human cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, metastasize with avidity to bone. What is the basis for their preferential growth within the bone microenvironment? Bidirectional interactions between tumor cells and cells that make up bone result in a selective advantage for tumor growth and can lead to bone destruction or new bone matrix deposition. This review discusses our current understanding of the molecular components and mechanisms that are responsible for those interactions.     

A novel 62‐bp indel mutation in the promoter region of transforming growth factor‐beta 2 (TGFB2) gene is associated with body weight in chickens

Transforming growth factor‐beta 2 (encoded by TGFB2) is a growth factor that regulates a plethora of cellular functions. In this study, we sequenced the promoter and full‐length exon region of the chicken TGFB2 and found two mutations (g.‐640C>T and g.‐851_‐790del) within the promoter. The two polymorphisms were genotyped in 1030 pedigreed hens recorded for body weight at 7 (BW7), 9 (BW9), 11 (BW11), 13 (BW13), 17 (BW17) weeks old, egg weight at 36 weeks of age (EW36) and egg numbers from the age at first egg (AFE) to 40 weeks of age (EN40). Despite the fact that no mutations were found to have statistically significant genetic effects on egg production, the association results of growth traits showed that both g.‐640C>T and g.‐851_‐790del had significant effects on body weights and that both genotype g.‐640TT and g.‐851_‐790wt/wt were positive for body weight performance. Therefore, the polymorphisms of TGFB2, especially the g.‐851_‐790del mutation associated with body weight at almost all periods, could be potential useful genetic markers to improve the growth of Beijing You chickens.     

转化生长因子β的生物学特性、功能及其临床应用前景

转化生长因子β是一种高度多效性,多功能性的生长与分化因子,它广泛地调节机体的生长,发育,炎症,修复和免疫等许多生理和病理过程,具有重要的生物学功能和广阔的临床应用前景。     

TGIF 对胃癌细胞生长和转移的影响

TGIF (TG-interacting factor) 是 TGF- β信号传导通路的抑制分子, 而 TGF-β早期抑制肿瘤生长,晚期促进肿瘤浸润与转移,但 TGIF 在肿瘤发生中的作用尚不清楚 . 将 TGIF 基因稳定转染胃癌细胞株 SGC-7901 ,采用 MTT 法、平板克隆形成试验、流式细胞术和裸鼠成瘤试验探讨 TGIF 对胃癌细胞生物学行为的影响,通过免疫组织化学分析裸鼠瘤组织基质金属蛋白酶 (matrix metallo proteinases, MMP) MMP2 、 MMP9 和血管内皮生长因子 (vascular eudothelial growth factor, VEGF) 的表达,通过 ELISA 和明胶酶谱试验分别分析 TGIF 转染细胞上清液中 VEGF 和活性 MMP2 与 MMP9 的含量变化 . TGIF 对 SGC-7901 细胞的生长、细胞周期分布和克隆形成率无影响 . TGIF 转染细胞接种裸鼠后无癌栓形成,但对照组有癌栓形成,且其瘤组织 MMP9 和 VEGF 的表达明显低于对照组,但 MMP2 在 3 组间的表达无差别 . TGIF 基因转染细胞、 PcDNA3.1 转染细胞和 SGC-7901 细胞上清液中 VEGF 的浓度分别为 (635 ± 20.3) ng/L 、 (780±25.4) ng/L 和 (791±23.9) ng/L , TGIF 转染细胞 VEGF 的含量明显低于对照组细胞 (P <0.01) , TGIF 转染细胞上清液中活性 MMP9 的含量明显低于对照组 . 尽管 TGIF 能部分拮抗 TGF-β1 介导的生长抑制和细胞周期阻滞作用,但它并不能使胃癌细胞的生物学行为恶化,相反 TGIF 通过下调 VEGF 和 MMP9 的表达降低胃癌细胞的浸润与转移能力 .     

脾切除对肝纤维化大鼠肝脏TGFβ 1的表达和血清TGFβ 1水平的影响

目的：研究脾切除对肝纤维化大鼠肝脏TGFβ1的表达和血清TGFβ1水平的影响,探讨脾切除在肝纤维化中的意义。方法：用CCL4建立50例肝纤维化大鼠模型。于建模第3周,6周,及8周分别取大鼠肝脏和脾脏标本。用免疫组化SP方法测定其TGFβ1的表达,HE和姬姆萨染色检测肝纤维化。应用双抗体夹心ELISA方法测定15例模型大鼠行脾脏切除前后的血清TGFβ1水平,以及15例对照组大鼠的血清TGFβ1水平,并于术后4周取两组大鼠的肝脏标本,用免疫组化SP方法测定其TGFβ1的表达。应用CMIAS8彩色图像系统对阳性目标进行分析和处理。结果：随着肝纤维化程度的进展,大鼠肝脏和脾脏TGFβ1的表达也随之增加（P〈0.01）。脾切除组大鼠其血清TGF-β1的水平显著低于对照组大鼠（P〈0.05）,且脾切除组大鼠肝脏TGFβ1的表达低于对照组大鼠（P〈0.05）。结论：脾切除术在一定程度上可延缓肝纤维化的发展。