冠状动脉旁路移植患者围术期的BNP 水平变化及临床意义

目的:研究冠状动脉旁路移植手术后患者B型脑钠钛(BNP)水平变化规律及临床意义。方法:选取我院2014年6月到2015年6月间收治的冠状动脉旁路移植手术患者80名,根据患者心脏左心室射血分数(LVEF)分为A组(45%)和B组(≤45%),观察两组患者在不同时间的BNP水平,对比两患临床相关指标、及心房颤抖和心功能不全发生情况。结果:A组患者在血管活性物质使用量、呼吸机使用时间、监护室停留时间及心房颤抖和心功能不全发生率都明显小于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后6h两组患者的BNP水平开始明显上升,在术后24h达到峰值,此后开始下降但仍维持较高水平,组内比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组患者在术前及术后各个时间段内BNP水平均明显小于B组,组间比较比较均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:冠状动脉旁路移植患者围手术期BNP水平可以反应患者心脏功能状况,BNP水平越高表示患者心脏越差。     

The Impact of Body Mass Index on Short- and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Graft Bypass

Objective

This study was designed to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on short- and long-term outcomes after initial revascularization with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Methods

4916 Chinese who consecutively underwent isolated, primary CABG at the Cardiovascular Institute of Fuwai Hospital from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2005 were included in this study. They were classified based on BMI as follows: underweight: <18.5 kg/m², normal weight: 18.5 to 23.9 kg/m², overweight: 24 to 27.9 kg/m², obesity: 28 to 32 kg/m², and severe obesity: >32 kg/m². Short (in-hospital) and long-term (5-years) major post-operative complications and mortalities were compared among various BMI groups after initial revascularization.

Results

Multiple regression analysis of five years follow-up of clinical end points indicated that various BMI groups were not associated with significant differences in 5 years mortality and MACCE, however, old age, smoking, hypertension, myocardial infarction and heart failure were the risk factor for the mortality.

Conclusions

In this large-scale study with long term follow-up after primary CABG in an exclusively ethnic Chinese population, we found that different BMI groups were not significantly associated with 5-years mortality and MACCE, however, old age, smoking, hypertension, myocardial infarction and heart failure were the risk factors of post-operative mortality, and old age, hypertension and heart failure increased the rate of MACCE.     

TLR4 Expression Is Associated with Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Introduction

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an innate immune receptor expressed in immune cells and the heart. Activation of the immune system following myocardial ischemia causes the release of proinflammatory mediators that may negatively influence heart function.

Aim

The aim of this study is to determine whether TLR4 is activated in peripheral monocytes and heart tissue taken from patients with varying degrees of myocardial dysfunction caused by coronary artery diseases and scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery before 12 months following operation.

Methods and Results

Patients (n = 44) undergoing CABG surgery having left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45% (‘reduced EF’, n = 20) were compared to patients with preserved EF >45% (‘preserved EF’ group, n = 24). ‘Reduced EF’ patients exhibited increased TLR4 expression in monocytes (2.78±0.49 vs. 1.76±0.07 rMFI, p = 0.03). Plasma levels of C-reactive protein, microRNA miR-320a, brain natriuretic peptide (pro BNP) and NADPH oxidase (NOX4) were also significantly different between the ‘preserved EF’ and ‘reduced EF’groups. Elevated TLR4 gene expression levels in the right auricle correlated with those of EF (p<0.008), NOX4 (p<0.008) and miR320, (p<0.04). In contrast, no differences were observed in peripheral monocyte TLR2 expression. After CABG surgery, monocyte TLR4 expression decreased in all patients, reaching statistical significance in the ‘reduced EF’ group.

Conclusion

TLR4 is activated in peripheral monocytes and heart tissue obtained from patients with ischemic heart disease and reduced left ventricular function. Coronary revascularization decreases TLR4 expression. We therefore propose that TLR4 plays a pathogenic role and may serve as an additional marker of ischemic myocardial dysfunction.     

Prognostic Impact of Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients Undergoing Aortic Valve Surgery for Aortic Stenosis

Background

The prognostic significance of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and right ventricular (RV) function in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic stenosis (AS) is unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of TR and RV systolic dysfunction on early and late mortality in this setting.

Methods

This was a prospective single-center observational study. 465 consecutive patients who were referred to AVR for severe AS were investigated. Significant TR was defined as TR≥moderate by transthoracic echocardiography.

Results

At baseline, significant TR was present in 26 (5.6%) patients. Patients with TR presented with a higher EuroSCORE I (p = 0.001), a higher incidence of previous cardiac surgery (p<0.001), pulmonary hypertension (p = 0.003), more dilated RVs (p = 0.001), and more frequent RV dysfunction (p = 0.001). Patients were followed for an average of 5.2 (±2.8 SD) years. By multivariable Cox regression analysis TR (p = 0.014), RV dysfunction (p = 0.046), age (p = 0.001) and concomitant coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG, p = 0.003) were independently associated with overall mortality. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, survival rates were significantly worse in patients with significant than with non-significant TR (log rank p = 0.001).

Conclusions

TR, RV dysfunction, age, and concomitant CABG are associated with outcome in patients undergoing AVR for severe AS. This finding underlines the importance of a thorough echocardiographic evaluation with particular consideration of the right heart in these patients.     

前列地尔对脑卒中冠状动脉旁路移植术神经系统影响研究

目的：分析前列地尔在脑卒中患者冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)术后对患者神经系统并发症预防性的影响。方法：选取首都医 科大学附属安贞医院心外科六病区的收治脑卒中冠状动脉旁路移植术后患者60 例,随机分为两组,每组30 例患者,其中对照组 予常规肠外营养(PN)治疗,实验组加用前列地尔治疗。对比治疗前后两组患者神经系统功能及临床疗效。结果：①治疗后2 组患者 临床症状均有所减轻,实验组总有效率(100 %)率明显优于对照组(80.0 %),差异有显著的统计学意义（P＜0.05）;②治疗结束后, 实验组和对照组分别有4 例、9 例患者出现神经系统并发症状,实验组神经系统并发症的发生率为13.3 %明显低于对照组30 %, 差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。③经logistic 回归分析统计,术后神经系统并发症影响因素与性别无明显差异（P>0.05）,与颈动脉 重度狭窄、缺血缺氧性脑病以及脑卒中存在差异,有显著的统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）。结论：前列地尔注射液能有效的预防脑卒中患 者CABG术后预防神经系统并发症,对临床具有指导意义。     

Endoscopic Vascular Harvest in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials and Controlled Trials

OBJECTIVE:: This meta-analysis sought to determine whether endoscopic vascular graft harvesting (EVH) improves clinical and resource outcomes compared with conventional open graft harvesting (OVH) in adults undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. METHODS:: A comprehensive search was undertaken to identify all randomized and nonrandomized trials of EVH versus OVH up to April 2005. The primary outcome was wound complications. Secondary outcomes included any other clinical morbidity and resource utilization. Odds ratios (OR), weighted mean differences (WMD), or standardized mean differences (SMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were analyzed. RESULTS:: Thirty-six trials of 9,632 patients undergoing saphenous vein harvest met the inclusion criteria (13 randomized; 23 nonrandomized). Risk of wound complications was significantly reduced by EVH compared with OVH (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.23-0.41). Similarly, the risk of wound infections was significantly reduced (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.20-0.53; P < 0.0001). Need for surgical wound intervention was also significantly reduced (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.08-0.29). The incidence of pain, neuralgia, and patient satisfaction was improved with EVH compared with OVH. Postoperative myocardial infarction, stroke, reintervention for ischemia or angina recurrence, and mortality were not significantly different. Operative time was significantly increased (WMD 15.26 minutes; 95% CI 0.01, 30.51), hospital length of stay was reduced (WMD -0.85 days; 95% CI -1.55, -0.15), and readmissions were reduced (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29-0.98). Costs were insufficiently reported to allow for aggregate analysis. CONCLUSIONS:: Endoscopic vascular graft harvesting of the saphenous vein reduces wound complications and improves patient satisfaction and resource utilization. Further research is required to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness of EVH versus OVH.     

IABP在危重症冠状动脉旁路移植术围手术期的应用

目的:探讨危重症冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者围手术期应用主动脉球囊反搏(IABP)疗效。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年9月40例应用IABP治疗的危重症CABG患者围手术期资料。结果:术前安置IABP 19例,术中安置IABP 10例,术后安置IABP11例。平均IABP辅助时间98.6±48.2小时。32例患者治愈出院,死亡8例,死亡率20.0%。术前安置者死亡率为21.1%,若除外机械并发症原因则死亡率为10.5%;术中安置者死亡率为20.0%;术后安置者死亡率为18.2%。5例出现血小板减少症;1例出现肠系膜动脉栓塞。结论:IABP是一种安全有效的循环辅助方法,积极应用可以明显提高危重症CABG的治疗效果。     

IABP在危重症冠状动脉旁路移植术围手术期的应用

目的：探讨危重症冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）患者围手术期应用主动脉球囊反搏（IABP）疗效。方法：回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年9月40例应用IABP治疗的危重症CABG患者围手术期资料。结果：术前安置IABP 19例,术中安置IABP 10例,术后安置IABP11例。平均IABP辅助时间98.6±48.2小时。32例患者治愈出院,死亡8例,死亡率20.0%。术前安置者死亡率为21.1%,若除外机械并发症原因则死亡率为10.5%;术中安置者死亡率为20.0%;术后安置者死亡率为18.2%。5例出现血小板减少症;1例出现肠系膜动脉栓塞。结论：IABP是一种安全有效的循环辅助方法,积极应用可以明显提高危重症CABG的治疗效果。     

High Postoperative Serum Cortisol Level Is Associated with Increased Risk of Cognitive Dysfunction Early after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study

Context

Stress response induced by surgery is proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Objective

To investigate the association between postoperative serum cortisol level and occurrence of cognitive dysfunction early after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Two teaching hospitals.

Patients

One hundred and sixth-six adult patients who were referred to elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery from March 2008 to December 2009.

Intervention

None.

Main Outcome Measures

Neuropsychological tests were completed one day before and seven days after surgery. Cognitive dysfunction was defined using the same definition as used in the ISPOCD1-study. Blood samples were obtained in the first postoperative morning for measurement of serum cortisol concentration. Multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between serum cortisol level and occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Results

Cognitive dysfunction occurred in 39.8% (66 of 166) of patients seven days after surgery. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that high serum cortisol level was significantly associated with the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (odds ratio [OR] 2.603, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.371-4.944, P = 0.003). Other independent predictors of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction included high preoperative New York Heart Association functional class (OR 0.402, 95% CI 0.207-0.782, P = 0.007), poor preoperative Grooved Pegboard test score of nondominant hand (OR 1.022, 95% CI 1.003-1.040, P = 0.020), use of penehyclidine as premedication (OR 2.565, 95% CI 1.109-5.933, P = 0.028), and occurrence of complications within seven days after surgery (OR 2.677, 95% CI 1.201-5.963, P = 0.016).

Conclusions

High serum cortisol level in the first postoperative morning was associated with increased risk of cognitive dysfunction seven days after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后老年患者早期肺部并发症危险因素分析

目的:探讨老年冠心病(CHD)患者冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后早期肺部并发症危险因素。方法:收集296例在我院接受CABG的老年冠心病患者(≥60岁)的临床资料,按照术后早期是否出现肺部并发症将患者分为肺部并发症组和非肺并发症组,比较两组一般临床资料及相关围术期指标的差异,利用Logistic回归分析探讨影响早期术后肺部并发症的危险因素。结果:296例CABG手术患者中有52例出现肺部并发症(发生率17.6%);两组在年龄、吸烟、体质量指数(BMI)、术前心功能分级、术前左室射血分数(LEVF)、三支病变、左主干病变、体外循环、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、手术时间、术后24 h输红细胞(RBC)量、术后24 h胸腔引流量、术后24 h平均血糖存在统计学差异(P0.05);年龄(OR=1.137)、BMI(OR=1.636)、术前LEVF(OR=1.733)、左主干病变(OR=1.532)、体外循环(OR=2.134)、术后24 h输RBC量(OR=1.243)、术后24 h平均血糖水平(OR=1.335)是影响术后肺部并发症发生的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:老年冠心病患者CABG术后早期肺部并发症受到多种因素影响,临床中应当重视此类高危因素,以制定相关干预措施降低肺部并发症的发生率。     

Hemodynamic Based Surgical Decision on Sequential Graft and Y-Type Graft in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Purpose: Sequential graft and Y-type graft are two different surgical procedures in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The hemodynamic environment of them are different, that may cause different short-term surgical result and long-term patency. In this study, the short-term and long-term result of sequential and Y-type graft was discussed by comparing the hemodynamics of them. Materials and Methods: Two postoperative 3-dimensional (3D) models were built by applying different graft on a patient-specific 3D model with serious stenosis. Then zero-dimensional (0D)/3D coupled simulation was carried out by coupling the postoperative 3D models with a 0D lumped parameter model of the cardiovascular system. Results: The flow rate of native coronary arteries and grafts are all calculated and illustrated in this paper. No significant difference of the native coronary arteries flow and graft flow exists between two surgical procedures. The wall shear stress (WSS) and streamline were also depicted. The graft WSS of sequential graft is 19.1% higher than Y-type graft. While flow separation appears at the bifurcation of Y-type graft. Conclusion: The short-term outcomes of sequential graft and Y-type graft are almost the same. But it can be found from the hemodynamics factors that the longterm patency of the sequential graft is better.     

Midregional Proadrenomedullin Improves Risk Stratification beyond Surgical Risk Scores in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Background

Conventional surgical risk scores lack accuracy in risk stratification of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).Elevated levels of midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) levels are associated with adverse outcome not only in patients with manifest chronic disease states, but also in the general population.

Objectives

We investigated the predictive value of MR-proADM for mortality in an unselected contemporary TAVR population.

Methods

We prospectively included 153 patients suffering from severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVR from September 2013 to August 2014. This population was compared to an external validation cohort of 205 patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR. The primary endpoint was all cause mortality.

Results

During a median follow-up of 258 days, 17 out of 153 patients who underwent TAVR died (11%). Patients with MR-proADM levels above the 75^th percentile (≥ 1.3 nmol/l) had higher mortality (31% vs. 4%, HR 8.9, 95% CI 3.0–26.0, P < 0.01), whereas patients with EuroSCORE II scores above the 75^th percentile (> 6.8) only showed a trend towards higher mortality (18% vs. 9%, HR 2.1, 95% CI 0.8–5.6, P = 0.13). The Harrell’s C-statistic was 0.58 (95% CI 0.45–0.82) for the EuroSCORE II, and consideration of baseline MR-proADM levels significantly improved discrimination (AUC = 0.84, 95% CI 0.71–0.92, P = 0.01). In bivariate analysis adjusted for EuroSCORE II, MR-proADM levels ≥1.3 nmol/l persisted as an independent predictor of mortality (HR 9.9, 95% CI (3.1–31.3), P <0.01) and improved the model’s net reclassification index (0.89, 95% CI (0.28–1.59). These results were confirmed in the independent validation cohort.

Conclusions

Our study identified MR-proADM as a novel predictor of mortality in patients undergoing TAVR. In the future, MR-proADM should be added to the commonly used EuroSCORE II for better risk stratification of patients suffering from severe aortic stenosis.     

The Effects of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumps on Mortality in Patients Undergoing High-Risk Coronary Revascularization: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Stenting Era

Background

Intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP) have generally been used for patients undergoing high-risk mechanical coronary revascularization. However, there is still insufficient evidence to determine whether they can improve outcomes in reperfusion therapy patients, mainly by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). This study was designed to determine the difference between high-risk mechanical coronary revascularization with and without IABPs on mortality, by performing a meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials of the current era.

Methods

Pubmed and Embase databases were searched from inception to May 2015. Unpublished data were obtained from the investigators. Randomized clinical trials of IABP and non-IABP in high-risk coronary revascularization procedures (PCI or CABG) were included. In the case of PCI procedures, stents should be used in more than 80% of patients. Numbers of events at the short-term and long-term follow-up were extracted.

Results

A total of 12 randomized trials enrolling 2155 patients were included. IABPs did not significantly decrease short-term mortality (relative risk (RR) 0.66; 95% CI, 0.42–1.01), or long-term mortality (RR 0.79; 95% CI, 0.47–1.35), with low heterogeneity across the studies. The findings remained stable in patients with acute myocardial infarction with or without cardiogenic shock. But in high-risk CABG patients, IABP was associated with reduced mortality (71 events in 846 patients; RR 0.40; 95%CI 0.25–0.67).

Conclusion

In patients undergoing high-risk coronary revascularization, IABP did not significantly decrease mortality. But high-risk CABG patients may be benefit from IABP. Rigorous criteria should be applied to the use of IABPs.     

Use of Pulmonary Artery Catheter in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft. Costs and Long-Term Outcomes

BackgroundPulmonary artery catheters (PAC) are used widely to monitor hemodynamics in patients undergoing coronary bypass graft (CABG) surgery. However, recent studies have raised concerns regarding both the effectiveness and safety of PAC. Therefore, our aim was to determine the effects of the use of PAC on the short- and long-term health and economic outcomes of patients undergoing CABG.Methods1361 Chinese patients who consecutively underwent isolated, primary CABG at the Cardiovascular Institute of Fuwai Hospital from June 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012 were included in this study. Of all the patients, 453 received PAC during operation (PAC group) and 908 received no PAC therapy (control group). Short-term and long-term mortality and major complications were analyzed with multivariate regression analysis and propensity score matched-pair analysis was used to yield two well-matched groups for further comparison.ResultsThe patients who were managed with PAC more often received intraoperative vasoactive drugs dopamine (70.9% vs. 45.5%; P<0.001) and epinephrine (7.7% vs. 2.6%; P<0.001). In addition, costs for initial hospitalization were higher for PAC patients ($14,535 vs. $13,873, respectively, p = 0.004). PAC use was neither associated with the perioperative mortality or major complications, nor was it associated with long-term mortality and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. In addition, comparison between two well-matched groups showed no significant differences either in baseline characteristics or in short-term and long-term outcomes.ConclusionsThere is no clear indication of any benefit or harm in managing CABG patients with PAC. However, use of PAC in CABG is more expensive. That is, PAC use increased costs without benefit and thus appears unjustified for routine use in CABG surgery.     

间断切口与长切口获取大隐静脉在冠状动脉旁路移植术中作用的对比研究

目的:比较冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)中采用间断切口与长切口获取大隐静脉作为静脉桥材料的优缺点。方法:选择2011年12月至2012年12月宁夏医科大学总医院心脏大血管外科111例行CABG的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者为研究对象。根据术中获取大隐静脉方法的不同,随机将其分为两组,长切口组64例,在CABG中采用长切口法获取大隐静脉,间断切口组47例,在CABG中采用间断切口法获取大隐静脉。比较两组大隐静脉获取时间、下肢切口缝合时间、下肢手术时间、大隐静脉桥长度、下肢切口长度和下肢切口并发症发生率的差异。结果:间断切口组大隐静脉桥长度及下肢手术时间(45.4±6.7)cm,(65.8±10.3)min与长切口组(47.5±6.7)cm,(65.8±10.3)min比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。间断切口组获取大隐静脉的时间(48.9±8.3)min显著长于长切口组(37.3±5.8)min,下肢切口长度与缝合时间(17.0±3.5)cm,(16.9±3.4)min明显短于长切口组的(43.5±6.4)min,(31.7±5.9)min,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组大隐静脉壁的损伤情况比较无统计学差异(P0.05),但间断切口组术后下肢切口延迟愈合、感染、渗出、下肢血肿等并发症的发生率低于长切口组(P0.05)。结论:在冠状动脉旁路移植术中,间断切口获取大隐静脉能够显著缩短下肢手术切口长度,有助于减少术后下肢切口感染、延迟愈合、渗出、下肢血肿等并发症的发生。     

乌司他丁对非停跳冠脉搭桥术患者的心肺保护作用研究

目的:探讨乌司他丁对非停跳冠脉搭桥术患者的心肺保护作用。方法:选取2017年12月-2019年4月我院收治的非停跳冠脉搭桥术患者76例,根据使用的药物不同分为两组,对照组应用常规方法,研究组应用乌司他丁,在麻醉之后切皮之前为T1,旁路血管开放时时间点为T2,手术结束为T3,手术之后的8 h为T4。比较两组治疗前后的心肺功能指标、动脉血气分析及血浆炎症因子、氧合指数术后恢复。结果:和T1进行对比时,两组T3、T4中的气道阻力(Air way Resistance,Raw)、呼吸指数(Respiratory Index,RI)、肺泡-动脉血氧分压差P(A-a)DO2均有所升高,在T2、T4中(PVR)有所升高,在T2、T3、T4中肺顺应性(Compliance of Lung,CL)有所降低。和对照组进行对比时,研究组在T3、T4中肺循环阻力(pulmonary vascular resistance, PVR)、RI、P(A-a)DO2有所降低,在T2、T3、T4中通气死腔百分比(VD/VT)有所降低(P0.05),在T2中CL有所升高(P0.05);治疗前,两组BNP、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后BNP、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6 (Interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-8 (Interleukin-8,IL-8)在T1、T2、T3、T4中低于对照组(P0.05),肌钙蛋白(cardiac troponin,cTnI)在T1中和对照组没有明显差异(P0.05),T2、T3、T4中研究组明显低于对照组(P0.05),研究组氧合指数高于对照组(P0.05);研究组T1、T2、T3、T4时平均动脉压(mean artery pressure,MBP)均高于对照组(P0.05),T1、T2、T3、T4时心率均低于对照组(P0.05);研究组ICU停留时间、ICU带气管插管时间、ICU机械通气时间、肺部并发症均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:乌司他丁用于非停跳冠脉搭桥术的效果较好,可以保护患者的心肺功能。     

不同浓度七氟烷吸入麻醉对非体外循环冠脉搭桥手术患者苏醒质量、心肾功能和认知功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨不同浓度七氟烷吸入麻醉对非体外循环冠脉搭桥手术（OPCABG）患者苏醒质量、心肾功能和认知功能的影响。方法：选取我院2018年5月~2021年3月期间收治的行OPCABG患者93例,采用随机数字表法将受试对象随机分为A组（舒芬太尼、丙泊酚,31例）、B组（舒芬太尼、丙泊酚、0.5 MAC七氟烷,31例）和C组（舒芬太尼、丙泊酚、1.0 MAC七氟烷,31例）。观察三组患者血流动力学[心率（HR）和平均动脉压（MAP）]、苏醒质量、心肾功能[心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）、肌酸激酶（CK-MB）/肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）]和认知功能[简易精神状态测量量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知功能评估量表（MoCA）评分]的变化,记录三组不良反应发生情况。结果：三组术后即刻（T1）~术后24h（T3）时间点HR升高后下降,MAP下降后升高（P<0.05）;B组T1、术后6 h（T2）时间点HR低于A组、C组,MAP高于A组、C组（P<0.05）;A组与C组T1、T2时间HR、MAP组间对比无显著性差异（P>0.05）。三组苏醒期躁动发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）;B组术后苏醒时间短于A组、C组（P<0.05）;A组与C组术后苏醒时间组间对比无显著性差异（P>0.05）。三组的cTnI、CK-MB、Scr、BUN水平相较于麻醉开始前（T0）时间点均升高（P>0.05）;B组T3时间点cTnI、CK-MB、Scr、BUN水平低于A组、C组（P<0.05）。B组术后第3 d MMSE、MoCA评分高于A组、C组（P<0.05）。三组不良反应发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：OPCABG患者在舒芬太尼、丙泊酚麻醉的基础上结合七氟烷吸入麻醉,可更好的稳定血流动力学,减轻对机体心肾功能和认知功能的影响,提高苏醒质量,且以0.5 MAC浓度的七氟烷综合效果最佳。     

Plasma Levels of MicroRNA-499 Provide an Early Indication of Perioperative Myocardial Infarction in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients

Background

Recent studies indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) were important for many biological and pathological processes, and they might be potential biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases. The present study aims to determine the release patterns of miRNAs in cardiac surgery and to analyze the ability of miRs to provide early prediction of perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Thirty on-pump CABG patients were recruited in this study; and miR-499, miR-133a and miR-133b, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were selected for measurement. Serial plasma samples were collected at seven perioperative time points (preoperatively, and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after declamping) and were tested for cTnI and miRs levels. Importantly, miR levels peaked as early as 1–3 hours, whereas cTnI levels peaked at 6 hours after declamping. Peak plasma concentrations of miRs correlated significantly with cTnI (miR-499, r = 0.583, P = 0.001; miR-133a, r = 0.514, P = 0.006; miR-133b, r = 0.437, P = 0.05), indicating the degree of myocardial damage. In addition, 30 off-pump CABG patients were recruited; miR-499 and miR-133a levels were tested, which were significantly lower in off-pump group than in on-pump group. A prospective cohort of CABG patients (n = 120) was recruited to study the predictive power of miRs for PMI. The diagnosis of PMI strictly adhered to the principles of universal definition of myocardial infarction. The data analysis revealed that miR-499 had higher sensitivity and specificity than cTnI, and indicated that miR-499 could be an independent risk factor for PMI.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that circulating miR-499 is a novel, early biomarker for identifying perioperative myocardial infarction in cardiac surgery.