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1.
新疆于田流水墓地青铜时代人类颅骨非连续性特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
新疆是欧亚大陆东西方人群交流的关键地带,新疆人群是研究东西交流史的主要对象.本文对昆仑山北麓青铜时代的新疆于田流水墓地出土的20具颅骨进行了61项非连续性特征的观察,对其中的20项非连续性特征与世界范围近代和现代人群进行频率数据的主成分分析,计算样本间的史密斯生物学距离,根据距离系数作邻接法聚类分析和多维尺度分析.结果...  相似文献   

2.
瓦窑沟青铜时代墓地颅骨的人类学特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈靓 《人类学学报》2000,19(1):32-43
本文对陕西省铜川市瓦窑沟青铜时代墓葬出土的13例颅骨进行了系统的人类学分析。结果表明,这组颅骨的种族特征可归入亚洲蒙古人种的东亚类型,同时也显示出某种程度南亚类型的影响。在近代对比组中,瓦窑沟组的基本体质类型与华北近代组、华南近代组关系最近;在古代对比组中,它与火烧沟组和殷墟中小墓②组最为接近。  相似文献   

3.
广西壮族颅骨的非测量性状   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文报告广西马山县州圩村一组确知身前状况的壮族成年居民男性80例,女性84例颅骨非测量性状的观察结果,并对结果作了讨论。  相似文献   

4.
现代中国人颅骨测量特征及其地区性差异的初步研究   总被引:11,自引:10,他引:11  
刘武  杨茂有 《人类学学报》1991,10(2):96-106
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5.
广西京族体质人类学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
调查了京族成年人305例(男为160例, 女为145例)的59项体质指标, 其中包括52项测量项目和7项观察项目, 计算了31项体质指数值, 统计了部分指数的分型情况。研究结果表明: 上眼睑皱褶出现率高。蒙古褶出现率较高。头发均为直发,多为黄色皮肤, 鼻翼高度多为中等型。耳垂多为圆形。男性鼻根多为中等型, 女性多为低型。按指数分型标准, 男女均以中头型、高头型、狭头型、狭面型、中鼻型、中腿型、中胸型、中肩型、中骨盆型出现率最高, 男性属长躯干型、女性属中躯干型。男性身高均值为1651.5mm, 女性身高均值为1541.1mm, 男女均为中等身材。体重均数男为57.8kg, 女为51.5kg。与国内外30个人群体质特征进行比较。聚类分析结果表明: 京族与广西的仫佬族, 海南的黎族体质较为接近。京族具有我国南方人群的体质特征, 其可能起源于越南的京族。  相似文献   

6.
本文是对出土于新疆哈密地区天山北路青铜时代墓地颅骨测量性状的研究。文中公布了24例天山北路墓地古代人群77项颅骨测量性状基本数据, 在此基础上, 对男、女两性的测量性状特点进行了统计分析, 并结合考古学文化研究和分子生物学研究的相关结论对实验结果进行了讨论和推论。主要研究结论如下: 一是该人群虽已经形成了具有自身特点的、共性的体质特征, 但人群内部也存在些许差异, 尤其是在男性个体数据之中。二是该人群是由分别具有东、西方体质特征的祖先人群混杂融合而成, 是处于当时大人种分布过渡地带的过渡人群。  相似文献   

7.
南京现代人颅骨的测量   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
对南京出土成年颅骨273个(男157,女116)进行了9个项目的测量。结果表明,除1项性差不显著外,其余8项的性差均有高度的显著性。按颅指数,颅长高指数及颅宽高指数分级,南京人颅骨多分别属于圆颅、高颅及中颅型。  相似文献   

8.
西安地区现代人颅骨非测量性研究   总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
本文对西安地区140例(男70、女70)出土成人颅骨进行了非测量性变异类型的研究,计算出了25项形态的常见变异类型出现率、以及性差显著和非常显著的项目和类型,并进行了讨论。  相似文献   

9.
1895-1950年间的中国体质人类学研究与教学活动述略   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
杜靖 《人类学学报》2008,27(2):182-190
1895-1950年间的中国体质人类学活动,既注重研究和教学相结合,又注重体质调查和文化调查相结合,生物与考古并重,其研究目的在于揭示各族群的体质差异,以及人类的演化问题.先期主要由外国学者进入并开展研究和教学活动,后期则主要由中国本土人类学家推动这一工作.另外,此一阶段后期体质人类学发展深受中日战争影响,战争前主要分布于北方、华东和华南,战争爆发期间主要集中于西南,战争后则主要集中于东南和华南.  相似文献   

10.
颅骨某些角度的测量计算法   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
丁士海 《人类学学报》1983,2(4):390-395
本文根据余弦定理对颅骨20项与法兰克福平面无关的角度,采用测量计算法,即用直脚规或弯脚规测量各角三个测点间的三边直线距离,将余弦定理公式输入袖珍电子计算器内,再由计算器算出角度。经实践我们认为此法具有操作简单易行、无需投影描绘仪和定颅器等设备、节约时间、精确度高和误差小等优点。  相似文献   

11.
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12.
Nine hundred and seventy-six Icelandic schoolchildren (489 ♂ and 487♀) were surveyed for occurrence of torus mandibularis. No sexual dimorphism was observed but there was a statistically significant difference between areas. A highly significant positive association between age and frequency of occurrence and size was also observed. Single tori were more prevalent than multiple ones and also appeared earlier. Symmetrical occurrence predominated, but when unilateral, tori were more often found on the right side. Secular changes in the incidence of torus mandibularis among Icelanders suggest the strong influence of environmental factors.  相似文献   

13.
现代人群形成与分化导致生活在世界不同地区的人类形成了具有明显体质特征差别的人群(或种族)。对更新世末期及全新世以来不同地理区域近代和现代人群体质特征差别、相互亲缘关系的分析是现代人群形成与分化研究的重要组成部分。本文通过对21项头骨非测量特征在近代和现代中国人群, 以及现代非洲和欧洲人群共330例标本的出现率和表现特点的观察和数据分析, 发现绝大多数特征的出现率或表现特点在三个人群间都具有不同程度的差异, 有些特征在人群间的差异甚至非常明显。与非洲及欧洲人群相比, 现代中国人头骨总体显得纤细, 眉弓、角圆枕、颧三角、颧结节等反映头骨粗壮程度的特征在现代中国人群的发育明显弱于非洲和欧洲人群。此外, 现代中国人群还具有一些明显不同于非洲和欧洲人群的头骨非测量特征, 包括锐利的眶外下缘、相对平坦的眉间鼻根点、较圆隆的颅侧壁、平坦的顶孔人字区、深弧形的上颌颧突下缘, 梯形和左右不一的鼻额-额颌缝走向等。采用判别分析可以将67.0%—79.5%的标本正确地判别归入其原来所属的组群。其中对中国人群的正确判别率分别达到70.4%和82.9%。个体标本分布显示非洲人群表现较大的分散性, 而中国和欧洲人群样本的分布明显密集集中, 提示中国和欧洲人群似乎具有更多的衍生性特征。本研究还发现多数在人群间差别显著的头骨非测量特征与头骨粗壮程度有关, 作者对相关的问题进行了分析探讨。  相似文献   

14.
本文对甘肃省甘南藏族自治州临潭县磨沟墓地保存情况良好的295例成年个体进行了头骨形态学的分析,其中283例(男性164例,女性119例)个体来自齐家文化时期的墓葬,距今大约4000~3500年,12例个体(男性7例,女性5例)出自寺洼文化时期的墓葬,大约距今3500~3000年,磨沟组齐家文化居民和寺洼文化居民在体质特征上具有一致性,接近现代亚洲蒙古人种中的东亚类型。在与若干近代组和古代组的对比中,磨沟组古代居民则是与代表东亚蒙古人种的华北组和华南组以及古代组中同处甘青地区的火烧沟组和核桃庄组较为接近。  相似文献   

15.
    
The purpose of this brief communication is to report the results of an analysis of maxillary premolar accessory ridges (MxPAR), a common but understudied accessory ridge that may occur both mesial and distal to the central ridge of the buccal cusp of upper premolars. We developed a new five‐grade scoring plaque to better categorize MxPAR variation. Subsequently, we conducted a population analysis of MxPAR frequency in 749 dental casts of South African Indian, American Chinese, Alaskan Eskimo, Tohono O'odham (Papago), Akimel O'odham (Pima), Solomon Islander, South African Bantu, and both American and South African Whites. Northeast Asian and Asian‐derived populations exhibited the highest MxPAR frequencies while Indo‐European samples (South African Indians, American and South African Whites) exhibited relatively low frequencies. The Solomon Islanders and South African Bantu samples exhibited intermediate frequencies. Our analysis indicates that statistically significant differences in MxPAR frequency exist between major geographic populations. As a result, the MxPAR plaque has now been added to the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System, an important contribution as maxillary premolar traits are underrepresented in analyses of dental morphology. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

16.
A long-standing controversy exists about the comparative utility of metric and non-metric traits as biological indicators in population studies. We hypothesize that the underlying scale which determines the presence or absence of a cranial non-metric trait is an expression of general and/or local size variation in the cranium. Therefore metric and non-metric traits will share a common developmental determination. The hypothesis implies that the underlying scale of a non-metric trait will be correlated with measures of cranial size and shape. Forty-eight cranial metric and twenty-five cranial non-metric traits were scored on the left side of adult male crania from four North American Indian populations. New threshold traits were generated for each non-metric trait by dichotomizing discriminant scores produced by discriminant function analysis. The discriminant analysis was performed using metric traits to discriminate between groups formed by non-metric trait presence or absence. Every non-metric trait tested was significantly correlated with its threshold trait in at least one population. The correlations were of moderate to high levels depending on the trait and population sample studied. This implies that metric and non-metric traits share a moderate to high degree of developmental determination. The cause of these correlations may lie in the common effects that growth and development of the soft tissue and functional spaces of the cranium exert on both metric and non-metric traits.  相似文献   

17.
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Xinjiang, the western-most province of China, was the area where the Oriental met the Occidental, and thus human groups in Xinjiang exhibit different ratios of population admixture and very high genetic diversity. However, few studies have been undertaken to determine when this population admixture began. In this paper, we studied 61 discontinuous traits of 20 skulls from the Bronze Age Liushui graveyard in Keriya County ( Katan) in southwestern Xinjiang to examine possible population admixture. Twenty discontinuous traits were used to compare the Katan samples with 53 population samples from various areas of Eurasia and North Africa. These traits included auditory exostosis, lambdoidal ossicle, occipito-mastoid bone, asterionic ossicle, parietal notch bone, accessory infraorbital foramen, hypoglossal canal bridging, tympanic dehiscence, accessory mental foramen, condylar canal patent, metopism, precondylar tubercle, paracondylar process, mylohyoid bridging, biasterionic suture vestige, jugular foramen bridging, transverse zygomatic suture vestiges, medial palatine canal, ovale-spinosum confluence and supraorbital nerve foramen.<br>As the data did not show significant difference between males and females in the same population, we pooled the data of both sexes for each population in the analyses. Frequency comparison indicated that the Katan samples have closer affinities to southeastern Asians, eastern Asians, and southern Asians than to Arctic populations and North Africans. Fisher's exact probability test for the 20 discontinuous traits was performed between the Katan samples and the pooled samples of 12 geographical regions respectively. Few significant differences between these populations were found suggesting that the Katan population might have various origins and be related with peoples from various areas in Eurasia. Genetic distances between the Katan samples and another 53 samples were also analysed using principal components analysis, neighbour-joining tree, and multidimensional scaling base on the Smith's mean measure of divergence. These results indicated that population sample of Katan was mixed by the western and eastern Eurasians with strong similarities to the South Asian population.<br>Therefore, we have demonstrated that population admixture between east and west Eurasia can be traced back to as early as 1000 BC in southwest Xinjiang.  相似文献   

18.
Three populations in South- and North-Thingeyjarsyslas, Northeast Iceland, were surveyed for the presence of torus palatinus. A total of 987 schoolchildren (489 male and 487 female) were examined. A statistically significant difference was noted between the prevalence in South-Thingeyjarsysla (33.3%) and North-Thingeyjarsysla (14.6%). Prevalence and size were affected by age and population but not by sex. An association between torus palatinus and torus mandibularis was not found. Secular changes in the occurrence of torus palatinus in Icelanders emphasize the importance of environmental etiological factors and diminish the value of torus palatinus as a racial trait.  相似文献   

19.
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This paper outlines the analysis of 295 well-preserved adult skeletons from the Moguo Cemetery located in the Lintan Mogou Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province. This total of skulls included 283 individuals (164 males; 119 females) from tombs of the Qijia culture period, dating 4000-3500 years ago, plus 12 individuals (7 males; 5 females) from tombs of the Siwa culture period, dating 3500 3000 years ago. The results of this morphological study indicates a physical continuity between the Qijia and Siwa residents whereby the groups can be easily identified and classified as modern East Asian Mongoloids. In a comparison of several modern and ancient groups, the ancient Moguo inhabitants clearly represent the northeast Asian Mongoloid group, with southern groups (including the ancient Gansu and Qinghai Huoshaogou) and Zhuang group being more similar.  相似文献   

20.
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The formation and diversification of modern human populations brought about the emergence of current human populations ( or races ) living in various geographical regions. Physical differences and biological affinities are an important component of studying the formation and diversification of modern human populations. In the present study, the frequency and expression patterns of 21 cranial non-metric traits were analyzed in 330 crania from three main human groups of recent-modern Chinese, modern African and European populations. Our result and some impressions are as follow:<br>1. Crania of modern Chinese were characterized by gracile morphology with features of robusticity ( e.g., supraorbital structure, angular torus, zygomatic trigone and zygomaxillary tuberosity) much less developed compared to African and European populations. Modern Chinese crania differed from African and European populations in terms of their sharp infero-lateral margin, flat intraglabellar notch, round cranial later profile, flat obelionic and lambdoid region, deeply arc-shaped lower zygomaxillary margin and different frontonasal and frontomaxillary sutures.<br>2. In terms of non-metric cranial features and population affinities, our results showed different frequency and patterns in most of the features among the three populations with some anatomical traits having significant inter-populational differences. The value of differentiating populations with only one feature is very limited, so in order to explore populational relationships of these non-metric cranial features, discriminant analysis was used to distinguish the three main population groups. Using this approach, between 67 and 79.5 percent of the specimens could be correctly classified (70.4% -82.9% of the Chinese specimens were correctly classified). In the discrimination plots of individual specimens, the African crania were scattered widely, while Chinese and European crania were closely concentrated, suggesting that Chinese and European populations were more derived.<br>3. Recent studies of non-metric cranial features have begun to analyze the functional or biomechanical morphology of these features, relating them to cranial robusticity, or how robust the crania are in structure. Cranial robusticity is also related to cranial size and thickness, but also expressed by a series of morphological features (referred to as cranial superstructures) including the uplifting ridge, torus and tubercles on the cranial surface. The expression of these robust features is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and can be very different among populations. Although the evolution of modern Homo sapiens is characterized by skeletal gracilization, a number of robust features still occur in some fossils of early modern humans, as well as recent and modern human skeletons.<br>This analysis of 21 cranial non-metric features in Chinese, African and European modern human populations indicates that most of the examined features show interpopulation differences related to cranial robusticity, and therefore these types of features must have played a significant role in the formation and diversifications of modern Chinese populations.  相似文献   

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