应用轻型飞机防治马尾松毛虫的试验Ⅰ.喷施四种药剂防治的效果

马尾松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus Walker是马尾松林重要害虫.林间应用超轻型飞机大面积喷洒溴氰菊酯超低容量喷雾、白僵菌纯孢子油剂、菌药混合液超低容量喷雾以及喷洒白僵菌菌粉,其防治效果分别为96.5%、85.7%、95.6%、86.5%.上述的防治措施可作为单独的措施或综合防控中的配套措施使用,同时应用飞机防治解决了树高、林密、水源缺乏、劳力工资昂贵等条件给防治工作带来的困难,是一种适应林区林业生产整体水平而又快速、高效、经济的防治手段.     

马尾松毛虫大面积暴发林间药剂防治

应用林丹烟剂、白僵菌粉炮、林丹烟剂结合施放白僵菌粉炮,3种不同的措施,进行林间防治马尾松毛虫药剂试验。结果表明,以每公顷施放15kg林丹烟剂,结合施放7．5kg白僵菌粉炮的防治效果最好,能较快地降低高密度的虫口,避免严重被害,同时可在林间形成白僵病流行时进行防治,效果达96％。     

应用苏云金杆菌防治马尾松毛虫试验初报

本文系应用苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis var.thuringiensis)粉制剂防治马尾松毛虫(Dendrolimus Punctatus Walk.)的试验结果,试验表明此菌的致病力高,防治效果好,大有应用的前途。应用时,菌剂的浓度应随幼虫龄期的增加而递增,含孢子数的有效幅度为1,500-27,000万/c.c.死亡率可达90-100%。此菌如与稀浓度化学药剂(如666、DDT、敌百虫)混合使用,防治抵抗力较强的4-7龄幼虫,效果更好。     

甜菜夜蛾增殖马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒防治应用研究

【目的】研究替代寄主甜菜夜蛾Spodopteraexigua增殖的Se-DpCPV及其复合剂对马尾松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus的防治效果,为进一步研究马尾松毛虫林间大规模防治提供依据。【方法】在室内利用接种不同浓度病毒的松针饲喂马尾松毛虫幼虫,比较替代寄主增殖的Se-DpCPV和野生型Dp CPV毒力能力以及Se-DpCPV对不同龄期马尾松毛虫幼虫毒力水平;同时,在林间利用固定翼植保无人机喷洒不同浓度Dp CPV及其复合剂,测定各组对第1代马尾松毛虫幼虫的防治效果。【结果】甜菜夜蛾增殖的Se-DpCPV和野生型Dp CPV对马尾松毛虫幼虫具有同样的感染致病能力,对马尾松毛虫3龄幼虫半数致死浓度LC50分别为4.73×103PIB/m L和3.36×103PIB/m L,二者毒力差异性不显著(P=0.107>0.05)。Se-DpCPV对马尾松毛虫2-5龄各龄幼虫半数致死浓度LC50分别为2.03×103、4.73×103、1.05×104、3.85×104 PIB/mL。当Se-DpCPV林间用量分别为375亿、750亿和1500亿PIB/hm2时,Se-DpCPV+3.2%阿维菌素复合剂防治组马尾松毛虫校正死亡率为86.05%、90.70%和94.19%,对马尾松毛虫的林间防治效果显著高于Se-DpCPV+25%灭幼脲复合剂(66.28%、72.09%和79.07%)和Se-DpCPV(59.30%、63.95%和70.93%)。活虫Dp CPV感染率最低为80.00%,最高可达93.33%。Se-DpCPV与3.2%阿维菌素、25%灭幼脲复配,比单独使用两种药剂防治效果至少分别提高17.45%和33.72%。【结论】在林间马尾松毛虫大暴发时,在马尾松毛虫3龄以下幼虫期,使用Dp CPV+3.2%阿维菌素复合剂(750亿PIB/hm2,7.5 mL/hm2)在短时间内迅速降低虫口基数,同时起到持续控制的效果。     

阿维灭幼脲对马尾松毛虫幼虫的毒力测定

运用阿维灭幼脲生物复合剂对3-4龄的马尾松毛虫幼虫进行毒力测定,用机率分析法求得马尾松毛虫的死亡率与阿维灭幼脲剂量对数—机率直线,建立毒力回归线。研究表明,25%阿维灭幼脲悬浮剂对3-4龄幼虫的致死中稀释浓度为49.6倍液,即LC50=5.04 mg.L-1;阿维灭幼脲悬浮剂与尿素混合剂对3-4龄的致死中稀释浓度为52.5倍液,即LC50=4.76 mg.L-1;25%阿维灭幼脲悬浮剂10倍稀释液对3-4龄马尾松毛虫幼虫的LT50为0.57 d,到50倍稀释液时LT50为7.35 d;25%阿维灭幼脲悬浮剂与尿素混合剂10倍稀释液对3-4龄马尾松毛虫幼虫的LT50为0.71 d,到50倍稀释液时LT为6.13 d,随着浓度稀释倍数的增加,致死中时间延长。研究结果可为今后马尾松毛虫的林间防治提供科学依据。     

白僵菌Bbt1菌株与化学农药防治荔枝蝽效果比较

应用白僵菌Bbt1菌株和常用化学农药90％晶体敌百虫、2．5％溴氰菊酯、5％顺反氯氰菊酯等进行室内毒力测定和田间防治荔枝蝽试验。结果表明,荔枝蝽已对敌百虫高度不敏感,药效下降,产生抗药性;5％顺反氯氰菊酯乳油、2．5％溴氰菊酯乳油虽有较好防效,但污染环境、残留大,不宜使用;Bbt1尽管初期见效慢,但7—15d效果达到高峰（达90％以上）,其粉剂兑水100倍液喷雾防治,室内和田间15d防效分别达94．5％和93．0％,具有很好的防治效果,且属无公害农药,可以代替化学农药使用。     

川渝两地马尾松毛虫寄蝇

马尾松毛虫Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｌｉｍｕｓｐｕｎｃｔａｔｕｓ在我国南方许多省区以及越南境内都有分布,四川和重庆两地是该种松毛虫严重发生的地区。利用寄蝇对害虫进行生物防治,具有防治效果好、防治费用低、不污染环境等优点。本文对采自四川和重庆两地的３种马尾松毛虫寄生...     

马尾松毛虫对马尾松和湿地松的选择与适应研究

用马尾松老叶、新叶,湿地松老叶、新叶,当年生马尾松新叶、湿地松新叶和当年生以20％和40％β-蒎烯处理过的马尾松新叶作食料饲养马尾松毛虫。结果表明：马尾松毛虫幼虫在第1代发生期取食马尾松老叶、马尾松新叶、湿地松老叶和湿地松新叶等4种不同质量的食料后,因其食料中10种必需氨基酸含量和挥发性物质β-蒎烯含量的不同,导致幼虫的存活率差异显著。其中,取食马尾松老叶的幼虫成活率最高（44％）,依次为马尾松新叶（32.7％）、湿地松老叶（4％）,而取食湿地松新叶的幼虫全部死亡。通过马尾松针叶增加外援β-蒎烯喂养马尾松毛虫实验,表明增加了外源β-蒎烯的松针饲养的马尾松毛虫幼虫与用同样松针未增加外源β-蒎烯饲养的幼虫相比,死亡率明显提高;松树中β-蒎烯含量的增加与幼虫成活率呈显著负相关。由此,我们阐明了马尾松与湿地松对马尾松毛虫的抗虫机制。     

应用威杀鳞防治粘虫的试验研究

本文主要研究威杀鳞与化学农药溴氰菊酯混合使用对粘虫的防治,同时与化学农药溴氰菊酯进行了对比,结果表明两者防效相当;在威杀鳞纯菌剂中混入0.6％溴氰菊酯0.2％(以下简称复合剂),既不污染环境,且具有增效的作用。     

应用轻型飞机防治马尾松毛虫的试验Ⅱ.喷施阿维菌素防治的效果

林间应用轻型飞机大面积超低容量喷洒阿维菌素防治马尾松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus (Walker)幼虫,其防治效果为95%以上.结果表明:阿维菌素能有效地控制马尾松毛虫的大发生,可作为单独的措施或综合防治中的配套措施使用,同时应用飞机防治解决了树高林密、水源缺乏、劳力昂贵等条件给防治工作带来的困难,是一条适应林业生产高效、经济的防治手段.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.