楝科（Meliaceae）的地理分布

楝科为泛热带分布科,全世界有５１属,约５５０—６００种,分布于旧世界热带地区有４６属,热带美洲有８属．热带亚洲和热带非洲为楝科两大现代分布中心．中国楝科共１５属,６１种,占世界属总数的２９％,种总数的１０％。中国楝科的分布是在全球楝科分布区的边缘,主要分布于中国西南部及南部诸省,种类由西南向东南递减。中国楝科属的分布区类型可归为５类：１．热带亚洲、非洲和中南美洲间断分布（１属）;２．旧世界热带分布（３属）;３,热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布（２属）;４．热带亚洲至热带非洲分布（１属）;５．热带亚洲分布（８属）。中国楝科种的分布区类型仅有２类：１．热带亚洲分布（３１种）;２．中国特有分布（３０种）。楝科植物的起源推断在早白垩纪。中国楝科植物由印度—马来西亚成分及特有成分组成。热带亚洲的楝科植物主要是通过中南半岛和中国云南。广西和海南等地发生联系,而菲律宾和台湾之间可有直接的联系。     

A New Species of the Ant Genus Aenictus Shuckard （Hymenoptera： Formicidae） from Henan, China

A new species of the ant genus Aenictus Shuckard, A. henanensis, sp. nov., was collected from Yichuan County, Henan Province. The new species is close to A. lifuiae Terayama, but in profile view dorsum of propodeum straight, dorsum of petiolar node roundly convex, dorsum of propodeum entirely microreticulate. This new species is also close to A. ceylonicus (Mayr), but mandible with a large apical tooth, a small preapical tooth and followed by 5 indistinct minute denticles, subpetiolar process low and rounded, anterior half of pronotum microreticulate.     

三七根的微量成分（1）

从三七根中分到１个新的微量皂甙,命名为三七皂甙Ｒ７,其结构经光谱分析和化学方法证明为人参二醇－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙;此外,还分到１个已知的炔烯类化合物,人能炔三醇。     

New Diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata （Burm. f.） Nees

To investigate diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata （Burm. f.） Nees, three new ent-labdane diterpenoids, namely 19-norandrographolides A-C （compounds 1-3）, were isolated from the ethanolic extract of A. paniculata. Their structures were established by HRESIMS and NMR spectral data in combination with X-ray crystallographic analysis.     

喜谈卫矛科植物（下）

雷公藤——断肠草卫矛科的雷公藤属(Tripterygium)只有4个种,中国全有.其中雷公藤(T.wilfordii)最出名.分布也广,长江流域以南各省至西南地区都有.为藤本灌木,杂性花,5数,子房有不完全的3室,每室2胚珠,常仅一个发育.蒴果有3片膜质的翅,尤以后者为特殊.     

喜谈卫矛科植物（上）

先识卫矛属多种北大未名湖畔有几棵白杜树,每年春夏之际,绿油油的叶子加上那轻盈细嫩的枝条,颇有几分柳树的风姿。这些树还是燕京大学时栽的,由于长得不快,几十年下来,最大的植株主干直径也不过20厘米。白杜树栽在湖边,栽的人是经过思考的,因为它没有“蛮”和粗的样子,显得很秀气,与柳为邻确很相称。特别是夏秋     

喜说报春花科植物（上）

说起报春花科植物就令人感到欣喜。这一科的近千种植物中,有500多种产于中国。其中种类最多的报春花属,中国产300种左右,占全球种数的五分之三,以致外国植物学者称中国是世界报春花科的分布中心。盛产于我国西南的报春花、点地梅等属,也是著名的高山花卉,尤其是报春花,花繁色艳,花期长,深得园艺学家青睐,一些种已在庭园和居室中广为栽培,给人们带来春天的希望。先说报春花之美报春花是报春花属（Primula）植物的泛称。这一届的植物几乎都是多年生草本。叶片基生呈莲座状,叶多有柄。花葶上方具一顶生的伞形花序,有时有2－3层乃…     

美丽的桦木科植物（上）

在众多的阔叶树木中,桦木科树木尤有特色。忆白桦白桦(Betula platyphylle)为桦木科植物中最著名的种。我记得50—60年代多次去百花山和小五台山采集,爬上1300米以上的山坡时,那郁郁葱葱的阔叶林多半是白桦林。随着山风,摇摆不定,幽雅别致。树干洁白光滑,用钢笔可以写出精美的文字。林下有忍冬、六道木、接骨木、绣线菊,还     

Two New Triterpenoids from the Roots of Sanguisorba officinalis L.

Two new triterpenoids, octanordammar-1,11,13(17)-trien-17-ol-3,16-dione (1) and lup-12-en-15α,19β-diol-3,11-dioxo-28-oic acid (4), as well as 13 known compounds were isolated from the roots of Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Rosaceae). Their structures were determined using spectroscopic methods.     

Antibacterial activity of a disaccharide isolated from Streptomyces sp. strain JJ45 against Xanthomonas sp.

Of the 316 actinomycetes strains isolated from various habitats, Streptomyces sp. strain JJ45 showed the strongest antibiotic activity against the plant pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and was thus chosen for further study. The 16S rRNA gene sequence (1500 bp) and rpoB gene partial sequence (306 bp) of Streptomyces strains JJ45A and JJ45B were determined. The respective strain JJ45B sequences exhibited 96.8% identity with the Streptococcus gelaticus 16S rRNA gene sequence and 98.4% identity with the Streptococcus vinaceus ATCC 27478 rpoB partial sequence. The fermentation broth of the JJ45B strain was extracted to find an inhibitor of bacterial growth. The distilled water extract showed the highest activity against pathogenic bacteria. The active molecule was isolated by column chromatography on polyacrylamide or silica gel, thin-layer chromatography, and HPLC. It showed growth inhibition activity only toward phytopathogenic Xanthomonas sp. The structure of the compound was identified as α- l -sorbofuranose (3→2)-β- d -altrofuranose based on the interpretation of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.     

柯拉斯那沉香中2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化学成分研究

为研究柯拉斯那(Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte)沉香的化学成分。实验采用多种柱色谱方法从该沉香中分离得到9个2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化合物,通过现代波谱学技术分别鉴定为6-甲氧基-2-[2-(3′-羟基-4′-甲氧基苯基)乙基]色酮(1)、5-羟基-6-甲氧基-2-[2-(3′-羟基-4′-甲氧基苯基)乙基]色酮(2)、tetrahydrochromone F(3)、6-甲氧基-2-[2-(3′-甲氧基-4′-羟基苯基)乙基]色酮(4)、6-甲氧基-7-羟基-2-[2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)乙基]色酮(5)、6,7-二甲氧基-2-[2-(3′-羟基-4′-甲氧基苯基)乙基]色酮(6)、6,7-二甲氧基-2-[2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)乙基]色酮(7)、6-羟基-2-[2-(4′-羟基苯基)乙基]色酮(8)、5-羟基-2-[2-(2′-羟基苯基)乙基]色酮(9)。化合物2、3和5～9均为首次从柯拉斯那所得沉香中分离得到。采用MTT法对单体化合物的细胞毒活性进行测试,测试结果表明,化合物1,2和4具有微弱的细胞毒活性。     

A (1-->6)-linked beta-mannopyrananan, pseudonigeran, and a (1-->4)-linked beta-xylan, isolated from the lichenised basidiomycete Dictyonema glabratum

Extraction of Dictyonema glabratum with hot 2% (w/v) aqueous KOH at 100 degrees C, followed by neutralisation and freeze-thawing, gave an insoluble glucan. The residue was further extracted by a similar process, but with hot 10% (w/v) aqueous KOH, furnishing a mixture of glucan, mannan and xylan. The mannan and xylan were obtained via precipitation of its copper complex with Fehling's solution, leaving the glucan in the supernatant. The insoluble complex was finally purified through gel permeation chromatography. Methylation analysis, one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance examination showed the polysaccharides to be a (1-->3)-linked alpha-glucan (pseudonigeran) and a (1-->4)-linked beta-xylan, both not previously encountered in lichens, and a newly discovered (1-->6)-linked beta-mannan.     

Molecular characterization of a carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from Chryseobacterium (Flavobacterium) indologenes

Chryseobacterium (Flavobacterium) indologenes 001 clinical strain was resistant to several beta-lactam classes including carbapenems. Shotgun cloning experiments of Sau3AI restricted genomic DNA of C. indologenes 001 into pBKCMV cloning vector followed by transformation into Escherichia coli DH10B gave one recombinant plasmid possessing a 4.2-kb DNA insert. It encoded a pI 7.2 beta-lactamase of 239 amino acids (IND-1) which is a metallo-enzyme with a broad spectrum beta-lactam hydrolysis profile. This class B carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase shares the highest identity (43%) with BlaB from C. meningosepticum, thus showing heterogeneity of carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases in Chryseobacterium spp.     

Isolation of poly(beta-L-malic acid)-degrading bacteria and purification and characterization of the PMA hydrolase from Comamonas acidovorans strain 7789

Several bacteria were isolated which were able to utilize poly(beta-L-malic acid) as sole carbon source for growth. The poly(beta-L-malic acid) hydrolyzing enzyme of Comamonas acidovorans strain 7789 was detected in the membrane fraction. The enzyme was purified by isolation of crude cell membranes by ultracentrifugation of disrupted cells, solubilization of the membrane fraction with octylglucoside, selective precipitation with 50% saturated ammonium sulfate and preparative isolectric focusing. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a M(r) of 43,000. The pH optimum was 8.1 and the Km was 0.13 microM (in terms of monomeric units) and 0.0021 microM poly(beta-L-malic acid) at pH 8.1 (100 mM glycylglycine buffer). Addition of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 or MgCl2 (from 25 to 100 mM) decreased the hydrolase activity, whereas EDTA or polymethane sulfonic acid fluoride had no influence on the enzyme. The depolymerization of poly(beta-L-malic acid) proceeded from the ends of the polyester resulting in the formation of L-malate. Esterase activity was not detectable with p-nitrophenyl acetate or p-nitrophenyl butyrate, which is used to determine for example poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) depolymerase activity.     

Resolution and Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-Naphthyl)ethanol with Immobilized Pea Protein: As a New Biocatalyst

(S)-1-(2-Naphthyl)ethanol was yielded by immobilized pea (Pisum sativum L.) protein (IPP) from (R, S) 2-naphthyl ethanol (>99% ee, yield; about 50%), in which the (R)-enantiomer was selectively oxidized to 2-acetonaphthone. IPP could be reused consecutively at least three times without any decrease of yield and optical purity.