河北省棉铃虫天敌蜘蛛名录

报道河北省棉铃虫天敌的种类,计4个纲,14个目,22个科,144种,其中河北省棉铃虫天敌的蜘蛛种类为9个科、35种。     

山东省稻田蜘蛛种类名录

1978～ 1992年 ,在山东省已查明的水稻害虫天敌蜘蛛种类为 15科 ,40属 ,70种。1.卷叶蛛科 Dictynidae1种( 1)黑斑卷叶蛛 Dictyna foliicola Boes.et Str.,190 62 .蜣蛛科 Ulobridae 1种( 2 )中华涡蛛 Octonoba sinensis( Simon,1880 )3.幽灵蛛科 Photchidae1种( 3)长崎幽灵蛛 Pholcus opilionoides( Schrank,1781)4.圆蛛科 Araneidae16种( 4)角圆蛛 Araneuscornutus Clerck,175 7( 5 )叶斑圆蛛 Araneus sia Strand,190 6( 6 )大腹圆蛛 Araneus ventricosus( L.Koch,1877)( 7)交迭圆蛛 Araneus alternidens Schenkel,1936( 8)黄斑圆…     

山东省棉花害虫天敌蜘蛛初记

在山东省已查明的棉花害虫天敌种类,计2个纲、11个目、42个科、151种,其中蜘蛛种类为14个科、32个属、52种。     

安徽省茶园蜘蛛名录

报道了安徽省茶园蜘蛛的部分种类,计有22科68属118种。     

山西果园蜘蛛名录

在山西省进行蜘蛛资源调查,经鉴定,果园蜘蛛共有１４科３５属６２种。     

广西蜘蛛名录

本文报道广西蛛形纲Arachnida,蜘蛛目Araneae40科166属410种,并分别记述各种蜘蛛的地理分布和生境。     

棉蚜与其天敌种群分布格局的关系

对棉蚜与其多种天敌在数、时、空方面关系的研究表明,龟纹瓢虫与棉蚜种群数量极相关,两者发生数量高峰期和低谷期均是同步的,龟纹瓢虫对棉蚜种群有明显的控制作用,龟纹瓢虫、草间小黑株及棉蚜种群的三维空间格乙为聚集型,棉蚜和草间小黑蚜个体间互相吸引,龟纹瓢虫个体间互相排斥。     

石榴园棉蚜及其天敌之间的关系

采用灰色系统分析方法,分析了对主要害虫棉蚜及其天敌日捕食总量之间关联度,结果表明,棉蚜群落中与其关联度较高的天敌种类依次为肖蛸蛛(0．8607)、中华草蛉(0．8058)、八斑球腹蛛(0．7989)、异色瓢虫(0．7881)和大草蛉(0．7758),与理想天敌日捕食总量间关联度较高的天敌种类为草间小黑蛛(0.8975)、智利小绥螨(0．8132)、龟纹瓢虫(0.7806)和大草蛉(0．7669);与天敌数量间关联度较高的天敌依次为草间小黑蛛(0．8482)、中华草蛉(0．7533)、肖蛸蛛(0．7532)、八斑球腹蛛(0．7411)和大草蛉(0．7116),与理想天敌数量间关联度较高的为草间小黑蛛(0．8461)、智利小绥螨(0．7325)、龟纹瓢虫(0．6983)、大草蛉(0．6815)和中华草蛉(0．6757)．棉蚜垂直生态位和水平生态位的重迭值均>0．9567的天敌有草间小黑蛛、大草蛉和肖蛸蛛;时间生态位重迭值>0．4020的天敌有草间小黑蛛、大草蛉和肖蛸蛛,表明草间小黑蛛、大草蛉、肖蛸蛛等为棉蚜主要天敌优势种。     

中国桔园蜘蛛名录

报道我国柑桔园内蜘蛛资源调查结果,目前已发现的蜘蛛计有25科90属197种,是柑桔害虫的一类重要捕食性天敌。     

确定棉蚜捕食性蜘蛛种类的血清学方法的可行性研究

在捕食性动物的生态学研究中,一个首要问题就是如何确定猎物的捕食者种类。对咀嚼式捕食者来说,其捕食对象可经解剖直接检查其消化道内猎物残骸来确定。但是,对吮吸猎物体液的捕食者来说,要鉴定其是否捕食过猎物,就需借助于更为复杂而精确的实验手段。自Brooke和Proke(1946)首次把血清学方法     

滤纸法测定有机磷杀虫剂对棉蚜酯酶的抑制频率(英)

滤纸法(FPT)测试单个棉蚜酯酶活性可以检测棉蚜对有机磷杀虫剂的抗性。为准确测试不同杀虫剂的抗性水平,本文改进了FPT的方法,测定了甲基对硫磷、久效磷和氧乐果对棉蚜个体α-NA酯酶的抑制作用,比较了BCA(敏感)和GCA(抗性)种群的抑制频率。结果指出二种不同浓度的杀虫剂对BCA种群的抑制频率明显高于GCA种群。特别在测定久效磷对经久效磷处理后棉蚜F_2代个体的抑制率,仅有一个棉蚜F_1代的抑制率达19％,其他均无抑制作用,而对未经处理的棉蚜F_1代个体的抑制率均可达70％-90％,但在α-NA酯酶活性上差异不明显。测定同地区三种有机磷杀虫剂对已喷过杀虫剂的棉蚜种群,其个体酯酶抑制频率明显低于未喷杀虫剂的棉蚜种群。这些均表明用FPT测定有机磷杀虫剂对棉蚜个体α-NA酯酶的抑制频率可作为抗性测报技术。     

USING FILTER PAPER TEST FOR DETECTING INHIBITORY FREQUENCY OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE TO ESTERASES IN COTTON APHIDS, APHIS GOSSYPII (GLOVER)

Abstract The individual esterase activity which is measured by filter paper test (FPT) method may determine the resistance of cotton aphids Aphis gossypii (Glover) against organophosphorus (OP) insecticides. For testing accurately resistant level caused by different insecticides, we applied FPT method for measuring inhibitory action of methyl-parathion, monocrotophos and omethoate to α-NA esterase of individual cotton aphids, and compared the inhibitory frequencies of these three insecticides to susceptible population (BCA) and resistant population (GCA). Results showed that their inhibitory frequencies of the susceptible population were evidently higher than that of the resistant population. The inhibitory rate of α-NA esterase in F1 generation individual cotton aphids by monocrotophos was low when the cotton aphid population had been treated in advance with monocrotophos, but it got to 75%-90% when the cotton aphid population had been untreated in advance with monocrotophos. Besides, the differences in esterase activity were not obvious between them. In same region when cotton aphids were treated with insecticides the inhibitory frequency of esterases in individual by the insecticides was lower than counterparts in individual cotton aphids which were not treated with insecticides. All these demonstrated that inhibitory frequency of α-NA esterase in individual cotton aphids by OP insecticides could be used as a technique of forecasting pest resistance.     

不同类型棉田生态系统中棉蚜种群能量动态及其生态学效率分析

本文以能量为统一单位,以生理学时间为尺度,建立了计算世代重叠的棉蚜种群能流参数模型,分析和比较了不同播种时间、间套作、免耕和化学防治处理的棉田生态系统中棉蚜种群的生产力、摄入量及生态学效率。结果表明：（１）棉蚜种群能量生产的９８％来自于伏蚜时期,而苗蚜与秋蚜不足２％;（２）播种期推后,苗蚜种群生产力、摄入量减少,而伏蚜、秋蚜的生产力、摄入量增加;套间作,使苗蚜、秋蚜种群生产力、摄入量减少,伏蚜种群的生产力、摄入量增加;（３）化学防治对棉蚜种群生产力、摄入量有一定的作用,其作用强度依农药品种及施药次数而异;（４）各类型棉田棉蚜种群的同化效率与净生态学效率变化幅度较小,而摄入利用效率变化幅度较大。由此进一步探讨了不同类型棉田棉蚜的管理对策。     

麦蚜及其天敌生态位的初步研究

本研究分析了麦蚜及其天敌生态位的概貌．结果表明两种麦蚜以黍缢管蚜生态位宽度较广（B=0．7284）;麦长管蚜生态位宽度较窄(B=0．6264);麦长管蚜与黍缢管蚜存在生态位重叠（L=0．6497）．在天敌群落中生态位宽度依次为食蚜蝇>飘虫>蚜茧蜂>蜘蛛>食虫蝽。天敌之间亦存在生态位重叠．五类天敌与麦长管蚜的生态位重叠均值高于与黍缢管蚜的均值．即天敌对麦长管蚜的空间跟随,控制作用越大．     

REPEAT SEQUENCE PRIMER‐PCR STUDY ON DNA POLYMORPHISM OF GEOGRAPHIC POPULATIONS OF COTTON APHID,APHIS GOSSYPII,IN CHINA*

Abstract The repeat sequence primer‐PCR technique was used to determine DNA polymorphism of the aphid Aphis gossypii (Glover) collected from 8 different localites in China. Three primers were selected and used for similarity index (SI) and cluster analysis based on the data of Nei's genetic distance (D). We found that the populations in the north and northwest of China was linked before they were joined by those in southern China. A proposed explanation emphasizes the populations in the north and northwest of China were located near — 4 °C isotherm or lower in January with less than 200 frost‐free days per year, whereas populations in southern China were located near 0 °C isotherm or higher with more than 300 frost ‐ free days per year. So it may be the over‐winter host plants instead of the geographic distance or gene flow, exert pronounced influence on the geographic population differentiation of A. gossypii. Species on different over‐winter host plants may directly lead to the genetic differentiation of their summer offsprings.     

不同类型棉田捕食性天敌的种群能量动态及其对害虫的控制作用

为充分发挥棉田捕食性天敌的生态调控作用,本文根据田间调查与室内测定的结果,以能量为统一单位,计算出了棉田捕食性瓢虫、蝽类、蜘蛛及所有捕食性天敌类种群的能流参数值,分析和比较了不同播种期、套间作和免耕法对棉田捕食性天敌种群能量获取利用的作用特点,总结出了各类天敌在不同类型棉田对害虫的控制作用规律,评价了它们在棉田生态系统中的作用与地位。     

害虫,天敌和食料的数学模型

本文从实际问题出发,结合已有的描述群落生态的数学模型,提出了一组描述马尾松毛虫(Dendrolimus pnnctalus,walker)、条毒蛾(Lymantria dissoluta,Swinhoe)、天敌和食料之间动态关系的数学模型: w(k+1=(a_1x(k+1)/(1+a_2x(k+1)/_z(k))+a_3w(k)/(1+a_4w(k)/y(k)) x(k+1)=b_1w(k)/(1+b_2w(k)/y(k))+b_3x(k)/(1+b_4x(k)/z(k))+ y(k+1)=c_1z(k)/[1+c_sz(k)+c_3y(k)][1+c_4w(k)+(k+1)] z(k+1)=d_1z(k)/[1+d_2z(k)][1+d_3x(k)+d_4w(k)] 对于这个模型的线性化形式,详细讨论了控制松毛虫的暴发所需的条件及其生态学机制。