斑点ELISA法检测幽门螺旋菌感染的研究

用幽门螺旋菌(HP)的超声粉碎物为抗原,建立了斑点ELISA法检测人血清中抗HP—IgG方法。该法敏感性为94.4％,特异性为87.5％,阳性预测值为97.1％,阴性预测值为77.8％。对271例儿童抗HP抗体调查,发现HP感染与儿童性别无关(P>0.05)。1月以内新生儿抗体检出率59.4％,1～12月婴儿抗体检出率最低(29.1％),1岁后开始逐渐上升,2岁后即可达到50％以上,接近成年人水平。结果表明,我国HP感染年龄早,感染率高。     

应用ELISA法检测人群中幽门螺杆菌抗体及血清流行病学分析

应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对307例自然人群和228例胃病患者的血清进行了抗幽门螺杆菌(HP)抗体的检测,同时与尿素酶试验和涂片镜检结果比较。结果:自然人群中HP抗体阳性率为14.66％,不同性别、职业、民族间HP抗体的阳性率无差异。各年龄组间HP抗体阳性率有随年龄增加而升高趋势。胃病患者HP抗体阳性率为61.41％,GMT为1:430.53,明显高于自然人群的14.66％,GMT 1:15783,两者差异显著。ELISA法与尿素酶试验和涂片镜检结果存在相关关系。认为ELISA法结果可靠,可用于人群普查及HP感染的诊断。     

健康体检中心幽门螺杆菌感染状况分析

目的分析健康体检中心体检者幽门螺杆菌(HP)的感染状况。方法对2016年1~3月在我院健康体检中心进行健康体检者1500例,应用14C呼气试验进行检测,并统计分析感染情况。结果健康体检者HP感染阳性率为58.87%;男性HP感染阳性率高于女性,30~39岁、40~49岁感染阳性率高于其它年龄段,居住地在农村的感染阳性率高于城镇,有不良生活行为习惯的感染阳性率高于无不良生活行为习惯者,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论针对HP感染的易感因素,普及和加强HP相关知识的健康宣教,提高广大人民群众对HP感染相关知识的认知,养成良好的饮食卫生、生活行为习惯,对阻断疾病的传播途径,降低感染率,提高生活质量具有重要意义。     

新生儿巨细胞病毒感染的检测

建立了用ELISA检测巨细胞病毒(HCMV)IgA抗体的方法,並用于检测北京地区100对母婴的HCMV抗体,母血、脐带血、母乳中HCMV-IgG抗体的阳性率分别为83％,75％和38％,HCMV-IgA抗体的阳性率分别为19％,15％和58％,对其中的16名婴儿半年后追踪观察,5名出生时母、脐血全为阴性的,有2名抗体阳转。8名出生时母、脐血均阳性的,有1名IgA仍阳性並检查发现肝大肋下二指。另1名IgG持续阳性,其他6名婴儿抗体转阴。3名出生时母血HCMV-IgG阳性者中,1名婴儿IgA和‘gG转阳,此时母亲IgA也阳转。随访的16名婴儿中有3名可能是生后半年内受HCMV感染。     

儿童肺炎支原体咽拭子快速液体培养结果分析

目的分析儿童肺炎支原体（MP）咽拭子快速液体培养的结果及与患儿年龄以及季节的关系,为临床诊断、治疗肺炎支原体感染提供依据。方法选取深圳市宝安区人民医院1217例急性呼吸道感染的患儿,采用咽拭子快速液体培养基进行筛查,观察其阳性率。结果在1217例患儿中,共检出阳性281例,阳性率为23．09％。〈1岁、1～3岁、3～6岁和6～14岁各年龄组的阳性率分别为15．13％、26．52％、28．31％和18．07％;不同季节MP感染率分别为春23．75％,夏20．11％,秋18．61％,冬29．72％。1～3岁,3—6岁小儿感染率明显高于6—14和〈1岁儿童（P〈0．01）;冬春季阳性率较夏秋季高。结论MP快速液体培养鉴定对MP诊断具有重要的临床诊断价值。肺炎支原体感染全年均可发病,好发于冬季,以3—6岁小儿多见。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与儿童哮喘发病的关系及对免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与儿童哮喘发病的关系以及对免疫功能的影响。方法:随机选取2013年1月~2016年4月我院收治的哮喘儿童95例,定义为哮喘组,同时选择来我院做儿保的健康儿童100例定义为对照组,测定两组患儿Hp感染情况;采集哮喘组儿童的静脉血,对比Hp阳性哮喘患儿与Hp阴性哮喘患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群辅助性T细胞1(Th1)、辅助性T细胞2(Th2)、Th1/Th2、辅助性T细胞17(Th17)、调节性T细胞(Treg)、Th17/Treg分布情况和血清细胞因子白细胞介素1-β(IL1-β)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素5(IL-5)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、白细胞介素-25(IL-25)含量。结果:哮喘组儿童Hp阳性率为36.84%,显著高于对照组的16.00%(P0.05);哮喘组发作期儿童Hp阳性率为54.10%,显著高于哮喘组缓解期儿童的5.88%(P0.05);Hp阳性哮喘患儿的Th1细胞、Th1/Th2比例显著低于Hp阴性哮喘患儿(P0.05),Th2细胞、Th17细胞、Th17/Treg比例均显著高于Hp阴性哮喘患儿(P0.05);Hp阳性哮喘患儿IL1-β、IL-4、IL-5、IL-17、IL-25含量显著高于Hp阴性哮喘患儿(P0.05),IL-2、IFN-γ含量显著低于Hp阴性哮喘患儿(P0.05)。结论:哮喘儿童Hp感染率高于健康儿童,随着病情的进展,Hp阳性率升高,Hp感染能够显著造成患儿免疫系统功能紊乱,导致哮喘发生或加重,临床应给予重视。     

小儿幽门螺旋杆菌感染与缺铁性贫血的相关性分析

目的:分析并探讨小儿幽门螺杆菌感染与缺铁性贫血的相关性。方法:选择2012年2月至2013年2月本院门诊患儿412例,行血常规、血清铁、血清铁蛋白、HP-IgG抗体检测。结果:HP感染患儿IDA26例,IDA患病率为20.4%(26/127),HP未感染患儿IDA19例,IDA患病率为6.7%(19/285)。两者比较差异有统计学意义(x2=17.21,P=0.00)。对比两组患儿MCV、MCH、MCHC指标,差异具有显著性(P均0.05)。45例IDA患儿中26例有HP感染,感染率为57.8%(26/45),367例非IDA患儿中有101例HP感染,感染率为27.5%(101/367)。两者比较差异有统计学意义(x2=17.21,P=0.00)。结论:HP感染同IDA发病有显著相关性,HP感染可以是导致IDA的原因。     

长沙市2889例3月～16岁儿童幽门螺旋杆菌感染现状及对生长发育的影响分析

本研究对长沙市2889名3月~16岁无症状体检儿童进行了生长发育评估,并通过胶体金法检测了其血清幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)IgG水平。结果显示共检测的2889名儿童(男童1652名,女童1237名)中幽门螺旋杆菌感染阳性765名(26.4%),男童432名(26.2%),女童333(26.9%)。各年龄组幽门螺旋杆菌感染率分别为3月~1岁为31.8%、1岁~3岁为31.4%、3岁~6岁为18.9%、6岁以上15.4%。采用卡方检验及非参数检验进行统计,结果显示男女两组儿童幽门螺旋杆菌感染率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。3月~1岁与1岁~3岁、3岁~6岁与6岁以上组间幽门螺旋杆菌感染率无差异,其余组两两间均有差异。幽门螺旋杆菌感染阴性组儿童的身长/身高与幽门螺旋杆菌感染阳性组间无统计学差异(P>0.05),而幽门螺旋杆菌感染阴性组儿童的体重与幽门螺旋杆菌感染阳性组间有统计学差异(P<0.001);幽门螺旋杆菌感染阳性组与幽门螺旋杆菌感染阴性组中营养不良或矮身材发生率不具有统计学差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,幽门螺旋杆菌的感染在儿童群体中并无性别差异,并未使儿童的身材/身高、以及矮身材、营养不良等严重生长发育性疾病的发病率增加,但可能对儿童的体重带来一定影响。     

326例儿童缺铁性贫血与感染幽门螺杆菌关系探究

目的分析幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)对儿童缺铁性贫血(IDA)的影响,探讨H.pylori感染与儿童IDA的相关性,提高儿童IDA诊治率。方法应用~(13)C-呼气试验和胶体金法检测326例IDA患儿及211例健康儿童H.pylori感染情况,并对其结果进行统计学分析。结果 326例IDA患儿中H.pylori检测阳性217例(阳性率为66.56%),健康组儿童H.pylori检测阳性47例(阳性率为22.27%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(X~2=100.54,P0.01)。2-6岁组分别与7-9岁组及10-12岁组H.pylori阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义(X~2=8.61、21.46,P0.05),7-9岁组较10-12组H.pylori阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(X~2=2.62,P0.05)。其中女患儿H.pylori阳性率为78.06%(121/155),男患儿H.pylori阳性率为56.14%(96/171),两者比较差异有统计学意义(X~2=17.55,P0.01),且不同年龄组男女阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义。217例H.pylori感染的IDA患儿以轻度贫血为主,占95.85%(208/217)。结论H.pylori感染与儿童IDA之间存在相关性。     

上海市人群Echo30病毒性脑膜炎隐性感染调查

为了了解上海市不同年龄组人群的Echo30病毒隐性感染情况及IgG抗体阳性率分布。采集上海市412份不同年龄组人群血清,用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中的Echo30IgG抗体。发现受检普通人群血清中Echo30IgG抗体阳性率为25.8%。其中1岁以下婴幼儿中未见抗体阳性者,15岁以下儿童抗体阳性率较低(10%～16.7%),15岁以上人群抗体阳性率水平明显升高(45.0%～46.7%)。孕妇与普通人群抗体阳性率无显著性差异。研究结果提示上海市人群中存在隐性感染者,人群通过自然感染获得免疫保护,15岁以下儿童为Echo30感染及发病的高危人群,母体传递给婴幼儿的抗体水平较低,不能为婴幼儿提供先天性免疫保护。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.