BOOKS REVIEWS

M aintenance OF M icroorganisms . A M anual OF L aboratory M ethods (1984). Edited by B. E. Kirsop & J. J. S. Snell.
P rogress IN C linical AND B iological R esearch , V olume 181, G ermfree R esearch : M icroflora C ontrol AND ITS A pplication TO THE B iomedical S ciences (1985). Edited by B. S. Wostmann, J. R. Pleasants, M. Pollard
S pecial P ublications OF THE S ociety FOR G eneral M icrobiology , N umber 15, C omputer -A ssisted B acterial S ystematics (1985). Edited by M. Goodfellow, D. Jones & F. G. Priest.
R epairable L esions IN M icroorganisms (1984). Edited by A. Hurst & A. Nasim.
T he V irulence OF E scherichia C oli . R eviews AND M ethods (1985). Edited by M. Sussman.     

Book reviews

Book reviews in this article.
M icrobial G as M etabolism (1985). R. K. Poole & C. S. Dow.
I nactivation of M icroorganisms in S ewage S ludge by S tabilisation P rocesses (1985). Strauch, Havelaar & L'Hermite.
P ractical S tatistics for E xperimental B iologists (1985). A. C. Wardlaw.
T he B iology and T echnology of the C ultivated M ushroom
M ycotoxins , F ormation , A nalysis and S ignificance
H ospital H ygiene
W orld's D ebt to P asteur (1985). Edited by H. Koprowski & S. A. Plotkin.     

Books Reviews

S cience W riting for B eginners
M icrobiology . E ssentials and A pplications (1985). L. McKane & J. Kandel.
P rogress in C linical and B iological R esearch Volume 178 B luetongue and R elated O rbiviruses (1985). Edited by T. Lynwood Barber, M. M. Jochim & B. I. Osburn.
A ntimicrobial D rug R esistance (1984) Edited by L. E. Bryan.
A spects of M icrobial M etabolism and E cology (1984). Edited by G. A. Codd.
P rogress in L eukocyte B iology Volume 1 V iral M echanisms of I mmunosuppression (1985). Edited by N. Gilmore & M. A. Wainberg.
T he S ociety for A pplied B acteriology T echnical S eries No. 19 M icrobiological M ethods for E nvironmental B iotechnology (1984). Edited by J. M. Grainger & J. M. Lynch.
S crapie D isease in S heep (1983). H. B. Parry. Edited by D. R. Oppenheimer.     

Book Reviews

I ntroduction to M odern V irology (1975). S. B. Primrose.
H umic S ubstances—their S tructure and F unction in the B iosphere (1975). Edited by D. Povoledo & H. L. Golterman.
I nfectious M ultiple D rug R esistance (1975). S. Falkom.
D ictyostelium discoideum A D evelopmental S ystem . W. F. Loomis.
L ecture N otes on M edical M icrobiology (1975). R. R. Gillies.
S pores VI (1975). Edited by P. Gerhardt, R. N. Costilow and H. L. Sadoff.     

Book Reviews

M ycotoxins (1974). Edited by I. F. H. Purchase.
C owan and S teel's M anual for the I dentification of M edical B acteria (1974). S. T. Cowan.
A C olour A tlas of M icrobiology (1975). R. J. Olds.
M embranes and their C ellular F unctions (1974). J. B. Finean, R. Coleman & R. H. Michell.
S ingle C ell P rotein (1974). Edited by P. Davis.
W riting S cientific P apers in E nglish (1975). Maeve O'Connor & F. P. Woodford.
M icrobiology Vol. I (1975). Edited by V. A. Sherin & L. S. Smirnova.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
M icroalgae (1994) By E.W. Becker.
T he E volutionary B iology of V iruses (1994). Edited by S.S. Morse.
MCQ s in M edical M icrobiology and I nfectious D iseases (1993). By P.W. Ross and F.X.S. Emmanuel.
T uberculosis : B ack to T he F uture (1994). Edited by J.D.H. Porter and K.P.W. McAdam.
M aking S afe F ood : A M anagement G uide for M icrobiological Q uality (1991). By W.F. Harrigan and R.W.A. Park.
B acterial P rotein T oxins : FEMS S ymposium No. 73. (1994). Edited by J. Freer, R. Aitken, J.E. Alouf, G. Boulnois, P. Falmagne, F. Fehrenbach, C. Montecucco     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
C oncepts in V iral P athogenesis III (1989). Edited by A.L. Notkins & M.B.A. Old-stone.
A C olour A tlas of M eat I nspection (1990). By J. Infante Gil & J. Costa Durao.
P romiscuous P lasmids of G ram -N egative B acteria (1989). Edited by Christopher M. Thomas.
S hort P rotocols in M olecular B iology (1989). Edited by F.M. Ausubel et al.
G enetics of B acterial D iversity (1989). Edited by D.A. Hopwood & K.F. Chater.
Y east G enetics . A M anual of M ethods (1989). By J.F.T. Spencer, D.M. Spencer & I.J. Burce.
M etals and M icro -O rganisms (1989). By M.N. Hughes & R.K. Poole.
S eed -B orne D isease and S eed H ealth T esting of R ice (1989). By P. C. Agarwal, C.N. Mortensen & S.B. Mathur.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
B iotechnology V olume 2. G enetic F undamentals and G enetic E ngineering (1993). Edited by H.-J. Rehm and G. Reed.
C owan and S teel's M anual for the I dentification of M edical B acteria (1993). Edited by G.I. Barrow and R.K.A. Feltham.
Bacillus thuringiensis , AN E nvironmental B iopesticide : T heory and P ractice (1993). Edited by P.F. Entwistle, J.S. Cory, M.J. Bailey and S. Higgs.
T rends in M icrobiology : V irulence , I nfection and P athogenesis (1993).
N etworking in B rucellosis R esearch (1991). Edited by J.F. Frank.
Serpula lacrymans : F undamental B iology and C ontrol S trategies (1991). Edited by D.H. Jennings and A.F. Bravery.
M onitoring G enetically M anipulated M icroorganisms in the E nvironment (1993). Edited by C. Edwards.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
T he R umen E cosystem : T he M icrobial M etabolism and its R egulation (1990). Edited by S. Hoshino, R. Onodera, H. Minato & H. Itabashi.
M olecular B iological M ethods for B acillus : M odern M icrobiological M ethods (1990). Edited by C.R. Harwood & S.M. Cutting.
B acillus subtilis : M olecular B iology and I ndustrial A pplication (1989). Edited by B. Maruo & H. Yoshikawa.
M olecular P arasitology (1990). By J.E. Hyde.
F undamental V irology (1990). Second edition. Edited by B.N. Fields, D.M. Knipe, R.M. Chanock, M.S. Hirsch, J.L. Melnick & T.P. Monath.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
A nti -T uberculous D rugs . H andbook of E xperimental P harmacology , Volume 84 (1988). Edited by K. Bartmann.
B acterial E ndotoxins : P athophysiological E ffects , C linical S ignificance and P harmacological C ontrol (1988). Edited by J. Levin, H.R. Buller, J.W. ten Cate, S.J.H. van Deventer & A. Sturk.
A L aboratory M anual for L egionella (1988). Edited by T.G. Harrison & A.G. Taylor.
M arine M icrobiology (1988). By B. Austin.
B acterial E nergy T ransduction (1988). Edited by C. Anthony.
S ingle C ell O il (1988). Edited by R.S. Moreton.
D iagnostic T echniques in M edical P arasitology (1988). By S.L. Fleck & A.H. Moody.     

Books reviews

M olecular B iology of P lant -P athogen I nteractions (1989). Edited by B. Staskawicz, P. Ahlquist & O. Yoder.
A dvances in B iochemical E ngineering /B iotechnology . Volume 36. E nzyme S tudies . (1988). Edited by A. Fiechter.
Microbial Proteinases: H.M. Kalisz The Amidases from a Bacterium Strain: M. Maestracci, K. Bui, A. Thiery, A. Arnaud and P. Glazy
L aboratory D iagnosis of I nfectious D iseases : P rinciples and P ractice (1988).
S afety A ssurance for E nvironmental I ntroductions of G enetically -E ngineered O rganisms (1988). Edited by J. Fiksel & V.T. Covello.
C oncise E ncyclopedia of S cience and T echnology (1989). 2nd Edition. Edited by S.P. Parker.
N ew C oncepts in V iral H eart D isease : V irology , I mmunology and C linical M anagement (1988).     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
B asic B iotechnology . A S tudent's G uide (1987). Edited by P. Prave, U. Faust, W. Sittig & D.A. Sukatsch.
B acteria AS P lant P athogens (1987). By Eve Billing.
B iotechnology. A C omprehensive T reatise I n 8 V olumes .
C urrent T opics I n M icrobiology A nd I mmunology 136: T he M olecular B iology O f B acterial V irus S ystems (1988). Edited by G. Hobom & R. Rott.
G enetic B iochemistry : F rom G ene T o P rotein (1988). By J. Etienne-Decant.
I ntracellular B acteria : C urrent T opics I n M icrobiology A nd I mmunology N o.
P roceedings O f T he 8TH I nternational B iotechnology S ymposium P aris 1988 (1989). Edited by G. Durand, L. Bobichon & J. Florent. Vol.
B iological W aste T reatment (1989). Edited by A. Mizrahi.
I n V itro T echniques I n R esearch (1989). Edited by J.W. Payne.
B loodstream I nfections : L aboratory D etection A nd C linical C onsiderations (1989). By C.L. Strand & J.A. Shulman.
M etal -M icrobe I nteraction (1989). Edited by Robert K. Poole & Geoffrey M. Gadd.
B iochemistry O f A ntimicrobial A ction (1989). By T.J. Franklin & G.A. Snow.
T heory A nd A pplication O f M icrobial A ssay (1989). By W. Hewitt & S. Vincent.     

Increased globotriaosylceramide levels in a transgenic mouse expressing human alpha1,4-galactosyltransferase and a mouse model for treating Fabry disease

Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by an α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) deficiency and resulting in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, predominantly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). A transgenic mouse expressing the human α-Gal A R301Q mutant in an α-Gal A-knockout background (TgM/KO) should be useful for studying active-site-specific chaperone (ASSC) therapy for Fabry disease. However, the Gb3 content in the heart tissue of this mouse was too low to detect an ASSC-induced effect. To increase the Gb3 levels in mouse organs, we created transgenic mice (TgG3S) expressing human α1,4-galactosyltransferase (Gb3 synthase). High levels of Gb3 were observed in all major organs of the TgG3S mouse. A TgG3S (+/-)M(+/-)/KO mouse was prepared by cross-breeding the TgG3S and TgM/KO mice and the Gb3 content in the heart of the TgG3S(+/-)M(+/-)/KO mouse was 1.4 μg/mg protein, higher than in the TgM(+/-)/KO (<0.1 μg/mg protein). Treatment with an ASSC, 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin, caused a marked induction of α-Gal A activity and a concomitant reduction of the Gb3 content in the TgG3S(+/-) M(+/-)/KO mouse organs. These data indicated that the TgG3S(+/-) M(+/-)/KO mouse was suitable for studying ASSC therapy for Fabry disease, and that the TgG3S mouse would be useful for studying the effect of high Gb3 levels in mouse organs.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
YEAST TECHNOLOGY (1989). Edited by J.F.T. Spencer & D.M. Spencer.
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTION (1989). Edited by N. Hoiby, S.S. Pedersen, G. Shand, G. Doring & I.A. Holder.
HOSPITAL - ACQUIRED INFECTION (1990). 2nd Edition. By G.A.J. Ayliffe, B.J. Collins &L.J. Taylor.
VIROLOGY (1990). 2nd Edition. Edited by B.N. Fields, D.M. Knipe, R.M. Chanock, M.S. Hirsch, J.L. Melnick, T.P. Monath & B.Roizman.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Recent Advances in Anaerobic Bacteriology (1987). Edited by S.P. Borriello, J.M. Hardie, B.S. Drasar, B.I. Duerden, M.J. Hudson & R.J. Lysons.
Current Topics in Medical Mycology (1988). Volume 2. Edited by M.R. McGinnis
Advances in Biotechnological Processes Vol. 6 (1986). Edited by Avshalom Mizrahi
The Health Service Use of Ethylene Oxide Sterilization. Edited by G.A.J. Ayliffe, N.F. Cripps, C.E.A. Deverill & R.H. George
Biotechnology of Waste Treatment and Exploitation (1987). Edited by John M. Sidwick & Roger S. Holdom
Animal Cell Technology, Principles and Products (1987). By M. Butler
Methods in Aquatic Bacteriology (1988). Edited by B. Austin
Homeostatic Mechanisms in Microorganisms (1988). Edited by R. Whittenbury, G.W. Gould, J.G. Banks & R.G. Board
Lecture Notes on Medical Virology (1987). By D.J. Jeffries
Urinary Tract Infections (1987). By J.R. Dalton & E.J. Bergquist
Quality Control and Assurance in Clinical Laboratories (1988). Edited by A.D. Farr
Disinfection in Veterinary and Farm Animal Practice (1987). Edited by A.H. Linton, W.B. Hugo & A.D. Russell     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
L egionella : C urrent S tatus and E merging P erspectives (1993). Edited by J.M. Barbaree, R.F. Breiman and A.P. Dufour.
Pseudomonas: M olecular B iology and B iotechnology (1992). Edited by E. Galli, S. Silver and B. Witholt.
A dvances in B iochemical E ngineering / B iotechnology 45 (1992). Edited by A. Fiechter.
A dvances in M icrobial E cology (1993). Edited by K.C. Marshall.
T he B iology of H alophilic B acteria (1993). Edited by R.H. Vreeland and L.I. Hochstein.
B akterienviren (1992). By S. Klaus, D. Krüger and J. Meyer.     

Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus through Telemedicine

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM has a huge and growing burden on public health, whereas new care models are not implemented into clinical practice; in fact the purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a program of integrated care for T2DM, compared with ordinary diligence.Methods"Progetto Diabete Calabria" is a new organizational model for the management of patients with diabetes mellitus, based on General Practitioners (GPs) empowerment and the use of a web-based electronic health record, shared in remote consultations among GPs and Hospital Consultants. One-year change in glucose and main cardiovascular risk factors control in 104 patients (Cases) following this integrated care program has been evaluated and compared with that of 208 control patients (Controls) matched for age, gender, and cardiometabolic profile, and followed in an ordinary outpatient medical management by the Consultants only. Both patient groups had Day Hospitals before and after the study period.ResultsThe mean number of accesses to the Consultants during the study was 0.6±0.9 for Cases, and 1.3±1.5 for Controls (p<0.0001). At follow-up, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) significantly decreased from 58±6 to 54±8 mmol/mol in Cases only (p=0.01); LDL cholesterol decreased in both groups; body mass index decreased in Cases only, from 31.0±4.8 to 30.5±4.6 kg/m² (p=0.03).ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that a health care program based on GPs empowerment and taking care plus remote consultation with Consultants is at least as effective as standard outpatient management, in order to improve the control of T2DM.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
N eutralization of A nimal V iruses (1993). By N.J. Dimmock.
Bacillus subtilis and O ther G ram -P ositive B acteria : B iochemistry , P hysiology and M olecular G enetics (1993).
C hilled F oods : A C omprehensive G uide (1992). Edited by C. Dennis and M. Stringer.
M edical M icrobiology (1992). Edited by D. Greenwood, R. Slack and J. Peutherer.
B acteriocins of L actic A cid B acteria (1993). Edited by D.G. Hoover and L.R. Steenson.
Bacillus thuringiensis , an E nvironmental B iopesticide : T heory and P ractice (1993). Edited by P.F. Entwistle, J.S. Cory, M.J. Bailey and S. Higgs.
P ediatric I nfectious D isease (1993). Edited by D. Engelhard, M.I. Marks and D. Branski.     

Kinetic studies on the association and dissociation of myosin subfragment 1 and actin.

The reactions of pyrene-labeled actin with myosin subfragment 1 (S1) and S1-ligand complexes at low ionic strength are described by the schemes [formula: see text] where M refers to a myosin head; A is actin; L is ligand; the asterisk refers to a high fluorescence state of actin; and K1 and K3 are association constants. K1 is reduced approximately 10-fold for M.ADP or M.pyrophosphate versus M alone. The rate constant of the isomerization step (k2) is 150-200 s-1 for A*M, A*M.ADP, and A*M-pyrophosphate (20 degrees C). The interaction between the ligand the actin binding sites reduces K2 from 2,000 for A*M to 50-100 for A*M.ADP and to approximately unity for A*M-pyrophosphate. The A*M.ADP state is equated with the AM'.ADP state of Sleep and Hutton (Sleep, J., A., and Hutton, R. L. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 1276-1283).     

Shape and subunit organisation of the DNA methyltransferase M.AhdI by small-angle neutron scattering

Type I restriction-modification (R-M) systems encode multisubunit/multidomain enzymes. Two genes (M and S) are required to form the methyltransferase (MTase) that methylates a specific base within the recognition sequence and protects DNA from cleavage by the endonuclease. The DNA methyltransferase M.AhdI is a 170 kDa tetramer with the stoichiometry M(2)S(2) and has properties typical of a type I MTase. The M.AhdI enzyme has been prepared with deuterated S subunits, to allow contrast variation using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) methods. The SANS data were collected in a number of (1)H:(2)H solvent contrasts to allow matching of one or other of the subunits in the multisubunit enzyme. The radius of gyration (R(g)) and maximum dimensions (D(max)) of the M subunits in situ in the multisubunit enzyme (50 A and 190 A, respectively) are close of those of the entire MTase (51 A and 190 A). In contrast, the S subunits in situ have experimentally determined values of R(g)=35 A and D(max)=110 A, indicating their more central location in the enzyme. Ab initio reconstruction methods yield a low-resolution structural model of the shape and subunit organization of M.AhdI, in which the Z-shaped structure of the S subunit dimer can be discerned. In contrast, the M subunits form a much more elongated and extended structure. The core of the MTase comprises the two S subunits and the globular regions of the two M subunits, with the extended portion of the M subunits most probably forming highly mobile regions at the outer extremities, which collapse around the DNA when the MTase binds.