小花盾叶薯蓣甙的酶降解

从小花盾叶薯蓣 (DioscoreaparvifloraC .T .Ting)的新鲜根状茎中分离到一个新的呋甾烷型配糖体 ,命名为小花盾叶薯蓣甙 (parvifloside) (1) ,其结构通过波谱和化学方法鉴定为 :(2 5R)_2 6_O_β_glucopyranosyl_furost_5_en_3β ,2 2 ξ ,2 6_triol 3_O_β_D_glucopyranosyl (1→ 3)_β_D_glucopyranosyl (1→ 4 )_[α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→ 2 ) ]_β_D_glucopyra noside。化合物 1在纤维素酶粗酶和 β_葡萄糖苷酶中进行水解 ,得到降解产物 2 - 7。对 1的酶解现象进行了讨论。同时 ,对所分离的甾体皂甙的抗稻瘟霉菌活性进行了初步筛选。     

鲜盾叶薯蓣中原始皂甙的分离与鉴定

从盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright)新鲜根茎的甲醇提取物分离到薯蓣皂甙元棕榈酸酯(diosgenin palmitate)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)、纤细皂甙(gracillin)、原纤细皂甙(protogracillin)和原盾叶皂甙(protozingiberemissaponin),后者为一新甾体皂甙,结构推定为3-O-{α-L-鼠李吡喃糖(1→3)-[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖}-26-O-{β-D-葡萄吡喃糖}-薯蓣皂甙元(3-O-{α-L-rhamnopyran0syl(1→3)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-26-O-{β-D-glucopyranosyl}-diosgenin)。     

盾叶薯蓣地上部分的三个新甾体皂甙

从盾叶薯蓣Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright地上部分分离鉴定了四个甾体皂甙,经鉴定甙A为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙;甙B为24α-羟基约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙;甙C为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)][β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基;甙D为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)][β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙。前三者为新化合物,分别命名为盾叶皂甙A_1、A_2、A_3(zingiberoside A_1、A_2、A_3),其中盾叶皂甙A_2的甙元为一新甾体皂甙元,命名为盾叶皂甙元(zingiberogenin)。     

小花盾叶薯蓣减数分裂与雄配子发育细胞学观察

运用压片法对小花盾叶薯蓣(Discorea parviflora C.T.Ting)小孢子减数分裂与雄配子体发育进行研究.结果表明:小花盾叶薯蓣细胞减数分裂中期Ⅱ染色体排列主要有4种类型:平行型、"八"字型、垂直(同面)、垂直(异面);四分体有3种类型:左右对称型、四面体型、交叉型;小花盾叶薯蓣雄配子发育可分为5个时期:单核居中期、单核靠边期、单核后期、双核初期和双核期.同时型胞质分裂和2.细胞型花粉证实了小花盾叶薯蓣所在薯蓣科是较原始的被子植物;小花盾叶薯蓣减数分裂中期Ⅱ染色体排列多样性与2n配子发生无关.     

盾叶薯蓣内生真菌Dzf13抗细菌活性成分

采用活性追踪分离的方法,从盾叶薯蓣内生真菌菌株Dzf13中分离到两个具抗细菌活性的化合物1和2,经理化和波谱分析鉴定为麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(1)和5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(2).结果表明,化合物1和2对根癌土壤杆菌、黄瓜角斑病菌和番茄疮痂病菌等三种植物病原细菌的生长均表现出一定的抑制活性,尤其对黄瓜角斑病菌的抑制活性较强.结果还表明5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(2)的抗细菌活性要比麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(1)强.     

盾叶薯蓣响应低磷胁迫的生理代谢及基因表达特征分析

为探讨盾叶薯蓣在低磷胁迫下的生理变化、甾体皂苷类成分代谢及基因表达的响应特征，本研究选取河南南阳产盾叶薯蓣进行模拟低磷胁迫实验，在不同时期对根际基质中的磷含量(全磷、速效磷、磷酸铝盐、磷酸铁盐、磷酸钙盐)和土壤酸性磷酸酶(soil acid phosphatase, S-ACP)活性、植株根系发育特征(总根长、总投影面积、总表面积),各部位过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性及甾体皂苷类成分含量等指标进行分析，确定盾叶薯蓣响应低磷胁迫的关键时期，并利用RNA-Seq测序对关键时期盾叶薯蓣根茎、叶片、地上茎3个部位中的基因表达特征进行分析。研究发现低磷胁迫处理后盾叶薯蓣根际基质中易吸收态磷含量显著降低，其抗氧化酶(POD、SOD)与酸性磷酸酶活性均显著升高，根系发育受阻；低磷胁迫可明显影响盾叶薯蓣中甾体皂苷的合成与积累，且不同部位响应特征不同；胁迫初期为盾叶薯蓣响应低磷胁迫的关键时期；响应低磷胁迫关键时期的盾叶薯蓣基因表达存在明显的组织特异性，对三个处理组不同部位基因表达量与代谢通路进行分析，分别从盾叶薯蓣...     

盾叶薯蓣试管株芽的诱导

以盾叶薯蓣(Dioscoreazingiberensis)试管植株为材料,选取带芽茎段为外植体,转接到株芽诱导培养基上15d后,原茎段基部开始产生株芽突起,30d后每一茎段可产生3-5个已生根的株芽,株芽诱导率为100%,株芽诱导数为180个/40株,其移栽成活率可达90%以上。株芽形成的适宜培养条件:温度为26±2℃,光照时间14hd-1,光照强度为1500-2000lx;适宜培养基组成为:MS+6-BA4.0mgL-1+IBA1.0mgL-1+蔗糖6%-9%+活性炭0.5%+琼脂7%。离体诱导的盾叶薯蓣试管株芽能直接发育为新植株,为盾叶薯蓣的快繁提供了一种新的方法。     

药源植物盾叶薯蓣甾体皂苷及皂苷元的研究进展

盾叶薯蓣是重要的甾体激素类药源植物,其根茎中薯蓣皂苷元含量居薯蓣属植物之冠,为我国的特有种。为了寻找高含量的资源、筛选新的生理活性成分,多年来我国学者做了大量的研究工作。主要概括了盾叶薯蓣的资源分布、薯蓣皂苷元的提取工艺、化学成分、药理、含量测定等方面的研究。     

排风藤中皂苷类化学成分研究

从茄属植物排风藤的全草中分离得到了4个皂苷类化合物,经鉴定分别为:25R-螺甾-3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(1),5α,25R-螺甾-3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(2),22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-△5-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(3),22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-△5-3β,26-二醇-3-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4).化合物1-4均为首次从排风藤中分离得到.     

盾叶薯蓣元素组成特点及其与土壤营养元素的关系研究

盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright)根状茎与地上部分各元素的含量明显不同,根状茎中含镍、铁、磷、铝量远高于地上部分,镁、钙、锰量远低于地上部分;盾叶磐蓣对钾、锌、铁等元素的吸收量大于农作物;根状拳与地上部分的比值(R2／U2)较大;大量元素在根状茎中的含量(A)及地上部分含量(B)的大小排序差别较大,微量元素含量A、B值的大小排序完全一致。盾叶薯蓣根状茎的皂素平均含量为2．87％,皂素含量与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效铁、有效锌含量关系密切。薯蓣皂素含量高的盾叶薯蓣集中分布在大巴山北坡东段化龙山脉一线。     

Two new saponins from Paronychia capitata

Two new oleanane-type triterpene glycosides, 3˗O˗β˗D˗glucopyranosyl˗28˗O˗[β˗D˗glucopyranosyl˗(1→2)˗β˗D˗xylopyranosyl˗(1→6)˗β˗D˗glucopyranosyl]medicagenic acid (1) and 3˗O˗β˗D˗glucopyranosyl˗28˗O˗[β˗D˗glucopyranosyl˗(1→6)˗β˗D˗glucopyranosyl˗(1→2)˗ β˗D˗xylopyranosyl]oleanolic acid (2), named capitatosides A and B respectively, were isolated from the butanol extract of Paronychia capitata (L.) Lam., along with seven known compounds. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic methods, mainly HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR (¹H, ¹³C, COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) techniques, whereas those of the known compounds were identified by spectral comparison with reported literature data.     

Isolation and Indentification of Steroidal Saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright

Four known steroidal compounds were isolated from the rhizomes of Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright gathered from Hubei Province. Their structures were identified by means of spectroscopic analyses as Epi-smilagenin[Ⅰ]; 3-O-(β-D glucopyranosyl) diosgenin[Ⅱ]; 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→ 4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-diosgenin[Ⅲ]; 3-O {β-D glucopyranosyl (1→ 3)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 →2)]-β-D glucopyranosyl} diosgenin [Ⅳ].     

Triterpenoid Saponins from Pulsatilla cernua （Thunb.） Bercht. et Opiz.

To investigate saponins from the roots of Pulsatilla cernua （Thunb.） Bercht. et Opiz., two new compounds together with five known trlterpenold saponins were isolated. The structures of the two new trlterpenoid saponins, named cernuasides A and B, were elucidated as 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl（1-）2）]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl（1-）4）]-α-L- arablnopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester （compound 1） and 3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl（1→）3）]- [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1→）2）]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester （compound 2） by 1D, 2D-NMR techniques, ESIMS analysis, as well as chemical methods.     

Chemical Constituents of Guangdong Tu Niu Xi (Eupatorium chinense,Compositae)

One new compound, namely eupatorin A (1), was isolated from the methanolic extract of Guangdong Tu Niu Xi, the dried roots of Eupatorium chinense (Compositae). Its structure was determined to be (threo) 3 O acetyl 1 (4 hydroxy 3 methoxyphenyl) 2 \[4 (3 hydroxy 1 (E) propenyl) 2, 6 dimethoxyphenoxy\]propyl β D gluco pyranoside on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis. In addition, ten known compounds, including (threo) 3 hydroxy 1 (4 hydroxy 3 methoxyphenyl) 2 \[4 (3 hydroxy 1 (E) propenyl) 2, 6 dimethoxyphenoxy\]propyl β D glucopyranoside (2), ardisiacrispin A (3), ardisiacrispin B (4), euparone (5), 3 (2, 3 dihydroxy isopentyl) 4 hydroxy acetophenone (6), 12,13 dihydroxy euparin (7), gymnastone (8), N (2′ hydroxy tetracosanosyl) 2 amino 1, 3, 4 trihydroxy octadec 8 (E) ene (9), stigmasterol (10) and stigmasterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside (11) were also obtained. This was the first time that compounds 2-4 were reported from Compositae family, while 5-8 were isolated from the genus Eupatorium.     

广东土牛膝的化学成分(英文)

广东土牛膝为菊科泽兰属植物华泽兰(Eupatorium chinense)的干燥根。从其甲醇提取物中共分离得到11个化合物,其中eupatorinA(1)为一新化合物,经波谱学方法鉴定为(threo)-3-O-acetyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxy-1-(E)-propenyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]propyl-β-D-glucopy-ranoside。已知化合物分别鉴定为(threo)-3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxy-1-(E)-propenyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenox-y]-propyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),ardisiacrispinA(3),ardisiac-rispinB(4),euparone(5),3-(2,3-dihydroxy-isopen-tyl)-4-hydroxyacetophenone(6),12,13-di-hydroxy-euparin(7),gymnastone(8),N-(2′-hydroxy-tetracosanosyl)-2-amino-1,3,4-trihydroxy-octa-dec-8-(E)-ene(9),stigmasterol(10)和stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(11)。化合物2-4为首次从菊科植物,5-8为首次从泽兰属植物中分离得到。     

Triterpene Glucosides from the Leaves of Aralia elata and Their Cytotoxic Activities

Three new triterpene glucosides, named congmuyenosides C–E ( 1 – 3 , resp.), along with four known ones, were isolated from an EtOH extract of Aralia elata (Miq .) Seem . leaves. The structures of the new compounds were identified as 3‐O‐{β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐[β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl}caulophyllogenin ( 1 ), 3‐O‐{β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐[β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl}hederagenin 28‐O‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl ester ( 2 ), 3‐O‐{β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐[β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl}echinocystic acid 28‐O‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl ester ( 3 ) on the basis of spectral analyses, including MS, ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C‐NMR, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY, and HSQC‐TOCSY experiments. All isolates obtained were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against three human tumor cell lines (HepG2, SKOV3, and A549). Compound 3 showed significant cytotoxicity against A549 cell line (IC₅₀ 9.9±1.5 μM ).     

Simenoside A,a New Triterpenoid Saponin from Gypsophila simonii Hub.‐Mor.

Saponins are amphiphilic glycoconjugates which give soap‐like foams in H₂O. A new triterpenoid saponin, simenoside A ( 1 ), based on gypsogenin aglycone, and the known saponin 2 were isolated from Gypsophila simonii Hub.‐Mor. The structure of the new saponin was elucidated as 3‐O‐β‐D ‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[β‐D ‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐β‐D ‐glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin 28‐O‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐[β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D ‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)]‐α‐L ‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D ‐fucopyranosyl ester on the basis of extensive spectral analyses and chemical evidence. Saponins 1 and 2 were isolated from G. simonii for the first time.     

Phenolic compounds from the whole plants of Gentiana rhodantha (Gentianaceae)

Gentiana rhodantha Franch. ex Hemsl. (Gentianaceae), an annual herb widely distributed in the southwest of China, has been medicinally used for the treatment of inflammation, cholecystitis, and tuberculosis by the local people of its growing areas. Chemical investigation on the whole plants led to the identification of eight new phenolic compounds, rhodanthenones A–D ( 1 – 4 , resp.), apigenin 7‐O‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐glucopyranoside ( 5 ), 1,2‐dihydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzene 1‐O‐α‐L ‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D ‐glucopyranoside ( 6 ), 1,2‐dihydroxy‐4,6‐dimethoxybenzene 1‐O‐α‐L ‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D ‐glucopyranoside ( 7 ), and methyl 2‐O‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐2,4,6‐trihydroxybenzoate ( 8 ), together with eleven known compounds, 9 – 19 . Their structures were determined on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and cytotoxicity tests against five human cancer cell lines showed that only rhodanthenone D ( 4 ) and mangiferin ( 12 ) exhibited 18.4 and 13.4% of AChE inhibitory effects at a concentration of 10⁻⁴ M , respectively, while compounds 1 – 5 and the known xanthones lancerin ( 11 ), mangiferin ( 12 ), and neomangiferin ( 13 ) displayed no cytotoxicity at a concentration of 40 μM .     

Phenolic compounds from Selaginella moellendorfii

Chemical investigation of the leaves and roots of Selaginella moellendorfii Hieron has resulted in the isolation and characterization of two new flavone glucosides, 7‐O‐(β‐glucopyranosyl(1→2)‐[β‐glucopyranosyl(1→6)]‐β‐glucopyranosyl)flavone‐3′,4′,5,7‐tetraol ( 1 ) and 7‐O‐(β‐glucopyranosyl(1→2)‐[β‐glucopyranosyl(1→6)]‐β‐glucopyranosyl)flavone‐4′,5,7‐triol ( 2 ), two new biflavonoids, 2,3‐dihydroflavone‐5,7,4′‐triol‐(3′→8″)‐flavone‐5″,6″,7″,4′′′‐tetraol ( 3 ) and 6‐methylflavone‐5,7,4′‐triol‐(3′→O→4′′′)‐6″‐methylflavone‐5″,7″‐diol ( 4 ), two new lignans, (7′E)‐3,5,3′,5′‐tetramethoxy‐8 : 4′‐oxyneolign‐7′‐ene‐4,9,9′‐triol ( 5 ) and 3,3′‐dimethoxylign‐8′‐ene‐4,4′,9‐triol ( 6 ), together with two known monolignans, four known lignans, and four known biflavonoids. Their structures were established by spectroscopic means and by comparison with literature values.     

Oleanane‐Type Glycosides from Tremastelma palaestinum (L.) Janchen

Three new oleanane‐type glycosides, 1 – 3 , were isolated from the whole plant of Tremastelma palaestinum (L.) Janchen, along with eight known triterpene glycosides. The structures of the new compounds were established as 3‐O‐[β‐d‐ glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐α‐l‐ rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐d‐ glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐α‐l‐ rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐l‐ arabinopyranosyl]hederagenin ( 1 ), 3‐O‐[β‐d‐ glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐α‐l‐ rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐d‐ glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐α‐l‐ rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐l‐ arabinopyranosyl]hederagenin 28‐O‐β‐d‐ glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐d‐ glucopyranosyl ester ( 2 ), and 3‐O‐[α‐l‐ rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐d‐ glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐α‐l‐ rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐l‐ arabinopyranosyl]oleanolic acid 28‐O‐β‐d‐ glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐d‐ glucopyranosyl ester ( 3 ) by using 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques and mass spectrometry. This is the first report on the phytochemical investigation of a species belonging to Tremastelma genus.