维持性血液透析患者营养状况及营养不良的影响因素分析

目的:探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者营养状况以及营养不良的影响因素,为临床工作提供指导。方法:选择2010年-2014年在我院进行MHD治疗的120例患者作为研究对象,采用改良定量主观整体评估表(MQSGA)并结合相关生化指标测定等手段综合评估透析患者营养状况,分析MHD患者发生营养不良的危险因素。结果:MQSGA评估显示,营养正常组50例(41.67%),轻中度营养不良组61例(50.83%),重度营养不良组9例(7.50%)。不同营养状况组患者间Alb、PA、Cr比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归模型显示,Kt/V1.20、年龄≥60岁、透析龄≥3年及hs-CRP≥3 mg/L是MHD患者发生营养不良的危险因素。结论:MHD患者中发生营养不良的比例较大,Kt/V1.20、年龄≥60岁、透析龄≥3年及hs-CRP≥3 mg/L是其危险因素,可作为评价生营养不良的可靠指标。     

高磷血症维持性血液透析患者的临床分析

目的:比较不同血磷水平的维持性血液透析的尿毒症患者的临床表现和实验室指标,探讨其临床意义。方法:选择上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院(崇明)肾内科28例高血磷(SP>1.6mmol/L)的维持性血液透析患者为病例组,30例血磷正常(SP≤1.6mmol/L)维持性血液透析患者为对照组,比较两组患者的原发病组成,年龄,性别,透析龄,皮肤瘙痒发生率,腰背痛发生率,血钙,血碳酸氢根,血红蛋白,红细胞压积,血碱性磷酸酶,肾功能,血浆白蛋白水平及左心室肥厚发生率。结果:病例组与对照组在原发病组成,年龄(43.2±9.8岁vs 40.5±12.2岁),男女性别比例(16/12 vs.17/13),透析龄(32.56±6.71月vs.35.43±5.82月)等方面无显著性差异(P>0.05),有可比性,在血红蛋白(83.22±6.71g/L vs 103.36±5.84g/L),红细胞压积(24.83±1.92%vs.30.76±1.52%),血钙(1.71±0.16mmol/L vs.2.23±0.21 mmol/L),血碳酸氢根(14.2±3.1mmol/L vs 20.6±4.9 mmol/L),血碱性磷酸酶(124.26±16.33U/L vs.61.47±14.91 U/L),皮肤瘙痒发生率(22/28 vs.7/30),腰背痛发生率(19/28 vs.6/30),左心室肥厚发生率(20/28 vs 12/30),有显著性差异(P<0.05),肌酐(956±142mmol/L vs.923±156 mmol/L),尿素氮(23.1±6.3mmol/L vs.24.8±8.9mmol/L),血浆白蛋白(30.5±3.8g/L vs.31.2±2.9g/L),无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:伴有高磷血症的维持性血液透析患者与血磷正常的患者相比,血碱性磷酸酶,皮肤瘙痒发生率,腰背痛发生率及左心室肥厚发生率较高,而血钙,血碳酸氢根,血红蛋白及红细胞压积较低,有一定差异。     

高磷血症维持性血液透析患者的临床分析

目的：比较不同血磷水平的维持性血液透析的尿毒症患者的临床表现和实验室指标,探讨其临床意义。方法：选择上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院（崇明）肾内科28例高血磷（SP〉1．6mmol／L）的维持性血液透析患者为病例组,30例血磷正常（SPN1．6mmol／L）维持性血液透析患者为对照组,比较两组患者的原发病组成,年龄,性别,透析龄,皮肤瘙痒发生率,腰背痛发生率,血钙,血碳酸氢根,血红蛋白,红细胞压积,血碱性磷酸酶,肾功能,血浆白蛋白水平及左心室肥厚发生率。结果：病例组与对照组在原发病组成,年龄（43．2±9．8岁VS40．5±12．2岁）,男女性别比例（16／12vs．17／13）,透析龄（32．56±6．71月vs．35．43±5．82月）等方面无显著性差异（P〉o．05）,有可比性,在血红蛋白（83．22±6．71g／Lvs103．36±5．84g/L）,红细胞压积（24．83±1．92％vs．30．76±1．52％）,血钙（1．71±0．16mmol／Lvs．2．23±0．21mmol／L）,血碳酸氢根（14．2±3．1mmol／Lvs20．6±4．9mmol／L）,血碱性磷酸酶（124．26±16．33U／Lvs．61．47±14．91U/L）,皮肤瘙痒发生率（22／28vs．7／30）,腰背痛发生率（19／28vs．6／30）,左心室肥厚发生率（20／28vs12／30）,有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,肌酐（956±142mmol／LVS．923±156mmol／L）,尿素氮（23．1±6．3mmol／LVS．24．8±8．9retool／L）,血浆白蛋白（30．5±3．8g/Lvs．31．2±2．9g/L）,无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：伴有高磷血症的维持性血液透析患者与血磷正常的患者相比,血碱性磷酸酶,皮肤瘙痒发生率,腰背痛发生率及左心室肥厚发生率较高,而血钙,血碳酸氢根,血红蛋白及红细胞压积较低,有一定差异。     

终末期肾脏病患者行维持性血液透析的营养状况及影响因素分析

目的:探究并分析终末期肾脏病患者行维持性血液透析的营养状况及影响因素。方法:选取2010年1月-2014年1月在我院接受维持性血液透析治疗的82例终末期肾脏病患者,根据改良的定量主观整体评估表(MQSGA)评分将患者分为营养不良组(10分)以及营养正常组,比较两组患者年龄、性别、透析时间、身体质量指数(BMI)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血尿素氮(BUN)、甘油三酯(TG)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白蛋白(Alb)、尿素清除指数(Kt/v)指标差异,分析血液透析患者发生营养不良的独立危险因素。结果:营养正常组患者年龄、透析时间、BUN、hs-CRP及Kt/v1.2的比例均显著低于营养不良组,Hb、BMI、Alb以及Kt/v≥1.2的比例均显著高于营养不良组,差异均具有统计学意义(P均0.05);多因素分析显示,年龄70岁、透析时间25个月、Kt/v1.2均是导致血液透析患者发生营养不良的独立危险因素(P均0.05)。结论:终末期肾脏病患者的年龄、透析充分性以及透析时间长短均是导致维持性血液透析并发营养不良的独立危险因素。     

Prevalence and Impact on Stroke in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis versus Peritoneal Dialysis: A Prospective Observational Study

Background

Patients undergoing maintenance dialysis are at increased risk of stroke, however, less is known about the prevalence and impact on stroke in the patients.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, 590 patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD; n = 285) or peritoneal dialysis (PD; n = 305) from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012 were recruited. Baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. Timeline incidence data were analyzed using a Poisson model. The Cox proportional hazards regression assessed adjusted differences in stroke risk, a multivariate analysis was also performed.

Results

62 strokes occurred during 1258 total patient-years of follow-up. Stroke occurred at a rate of 49.2/1,000 patient-years with a predominance in HD patients compared with PD patients (74.0 vs. 31.8/1,000 patient-years). The cumulative hazard of developing stroke was significantly higher in HD patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–3.62; p = 0.046) after adjusting for potential confounders. HD patients had an increased risk of ischemic stroke (HR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.56–4.58; p = 0.002). The risk of hemorrhagic stroke was not significantly different between PD and HD patients. On multivariate Cox analysis, risk factors of stroke in both HD and PD patients were older age, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Other independent risk factors of stroke were lower albumin-corrected calcium in HD patients and higher triglycerides in PD patients.

Conclusions

Patients undergoing PD were less likely to develop ischemic stroke than those undergoing HD. Comprehensive control of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, calcium-phosphorus metabolism, and triglyceride levels may be useful preventive strategies for stroke in dialysis patients.     

高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能衰竭患者中的疗效对比

目的:探讨高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能患者中的疗效。方法:选取2007年3月～2010年6月在我院进行维持性血液透析患者52例并随机分为2组:高通量透析(HPD()n=26)和血液透析滤过(HDF)组(n=26)。两组患者均每周透析2次,每次4h,对两组患者进行1年临床观察。比较两组治疗前、后尿毒症患者血肌酐、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、血磷、PTH的清除作用及对血脂的影响。结果:两组患者KT/V及透析前后血BUN、Cr的下降率无显著性差异。HDF组透析1年后β2-MG较透析前增高(5.17±15.09)%,HPD组透析1年后β2-MG较透析前下降(12.32±3.2 7)%,P<0.0 1。HDF组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前增高(6.59±14.13)%,HPD组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前下降(19.07±5.27)%,P<0.01。HPD、HDF两组血磷下降率分别为(56.4 4±14.83)%、(43.94±17.96)%,P<0.05,HDF组患者透析1年后其血清甘油三酯(TG)水平相比于透析前血清TG水平上升了(22.4 2±9.52)%,HPD组1年后TG较透析前下降(2 3.81±9.93)%,P<0.05。结论:高通量血液透析能有效清除β2-MG、甲状旁腺激素、对血磷的清除效果也优于血液透析滤过,对血脂代谢也有显著改善作用。     

高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能衰竭患者中的疗效对比

目的：探讨高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能患者中的疗效。方法：选取2007年3月~2010年6月在我院进行维持性血液透析患者52例并随机分为2组：高通量透析（HPD）（n=26）和血液透析滤过（HDF）组（n=26）。两组患者均每周透析2次,每次4h,对两组患者进行1年临床观察。比较两组治疗前、后尿毒症患者血肌酐、β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）、血磷、PTH的清除作用及对血脂的影响。结果：两组患者KT/V及透析前后血BUN、Cr的下降率无显著性差异。HDF组透析1年后β2-MG较透析前增高（5．17±15．09）％,HPD组透析1年后132．MG较透析前下降（12．32±3．27）％,P〈0．01。HDF组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前增高（6．59±14．13）％,HPD组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前下降（19．07±5．27）％,P〈0．01。HPD、HDF两组血磷下降率分别为（56．44±14．83）％、（43．94±17．96）％,P〈0．05,HDF组患者透析1年后其血清甘油三酯（TG）水平相比于透析前血清TG水平上升了（22．42±9．52）％,HPD组1年后TG较透析前下降（23．81±9．93）％,P〈0．05。结论：高通量血液透析能有效清除β2-MG、甲状旁腺激素、对血磷的清除效果也优于血液透析滤过,对血脂代谢也有显著改善作用。     

维持性血液透析患者慢性肾脏病矿物质和骨异常患病情况调查及血管钙化的危险因素分析

目的:调查维持性血液透析(MHD)患者慢性肾脏病矿物质和骨异常(CKD-MBD)患病情况,并分析血管钙化的危险因素。方法:选取2017年2月～2018年12月我院收治的MHD患者229例记为研究对象。统计并记录所有患者CKD-MBD患病情况,并通过Kauppila评分对所有患者的血管钙化情况予以评定,将患者按照Kauppila评分结果分为钙化组与非钙化组。比较两组患者基本资料以及血生化指标水平,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析MHD患者血管钙化的影响因素。结果:229例MHD患者中CKD-MBD患病率按照从高到低的顺序分别为高甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、高磷血症、低钙血症、低PTH、高钙血症、低磷血症,占比分别为45.85%、42.36%、30.57%、20.09%、19.65%、10.04%。229例MHD患者血管钙化发生率为68.56%。钙化组年龄、透析时间、血磷、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平均高于非钙化组(均P0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析可得:年龄、透析时间、hs-CRP均是MHD患者血管钙化的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。结论:MHD患者CKD-MBD患病情况不容乐观,多见于高PTH、高磷血症、低钙血症。其中年龄、透析时间、hs-CRP均与MHD患者血管钙化密切相关,值得临床重点关注。     

维持性血液透析患者合并不宁腿综合征的影响因素分析及有氧运动改善效果的临床研究

摘要 目的：分析维持性血液透析（MHD）患者合并不宁腿综合征（RLS）的影响因素,并探讨有氧运动对MHD合并RLS患者的改善效果。方法：选取2019年5月~2022年1月在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院进行MHD治疗的患者120例为研究对象。根据是否出现RLS将120例MHD患者分为合并RLS组（n=28）和未合并RLS组（n=92）。收集患者的临床资料,多因素Logistic回归分析MHD患者合并RLS的影响因素,并探讨有氧运动对MHD合并RLS患者的改善效果。结果：MHD合并RLS与性别、透析龄、高血压、饮酒史、收缩压、舒张压、血磷、维生素 B12（VitB12）、铁蛋白（SF）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、血镁、β2微球蛋白（β2-MG）有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：透析龄偏长、β2-MG偏高、VitB12偏高、Hcy偏高、饮酒史、SF偏低、血镁偏高、性别为女、血磷偏高是MHD合并RLS的危险因素（P<0.05）。干预12周后,MHD合并RLS患者的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分均较干预前下降（P<0.05）。结论：透析龄偏长、β2-MG偏高、VitB12偏高、Hcy偏高、饮酒史、SF偏低、血镁偏高、性别为女、血磷偏高均会增加MHD合并RLS的发生风险。有氧运动应用于MHD合并RLS患者,有助于改善患者的睡眠、抑郁和焦虑状况,效果较好。     

Hemodialysis without Systemic Anticoagulation: A Prospective Randomized Trial to Evaluate 3 Strategies in Patients at Risk of Bleeding

Objective

In this clinical trial, we aimed to compare three means of performing chronic hemodialysis in patients with contra-indication to systemic heparinization.

Methods

This open-label monocentric randomized « n-of-one » trial, conducted in a single tertiary care center, recruited chronic hemodialysis patients with a contra-indication to systemic heparinization for at least 3 consecutive sessions. All patients underwent hemodialysis with an AN69ST dialyzer, and were administered three alternative dialysis procedures in a random sequence: intermittent saline flushes, constant saline infusion, or pre-dialysis heparin coating of the membrane. The primary outcome was the need to interrupt the dialysis session because of clotting events due to either (i) a complete coagulation of the circuit; (ii) a partial coagulation of the circuit; (iii) a>50% rise over baseline in the venous pressure.

Results

At the end of the inclusion period (May, 2007 to December, 2008), the number of patients to include (n = 75) was not reached: only 46 patients were included and underwent randomization. The study was terminated, and statistical analysis took into account 224 hemodialysis sessions performed in 44 patients with analyzable data. Heparin adsorption was associated with a significant reduction of the need to interrupt the dialysis session because of clotting events: odds ratio 0.3 (CI 95% 0.2 to 0.6; p<0.001, versus intermittent saline flushes). Heparin adsorption was also associated with higher odds for performing >3 h dialysis sessions and for having complete blood restitution. There were no significant effects of the dialysis procedure on weight loss, online ionic dialysance, and adverse events.

Conclusion

Heparin-coated AN69ST dialysis membrane is a safe and effective method to avoid or delay per-dialytic clotting events in patients with contra-indication to systemic anticoagulation. However, results are not generalizable safely to patients with active bleeding, since weak heparinemia, not assessed in this study, may occur.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00473109{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00473109","term_id":"NCT00473109"}}NCT00473109.     

糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者低血糖发生情况及其影响因素的Logistic回归分析

摘要 目的：探讨糖尿病肾病（DN）维持性血液透析患者低血糖发生情况,并分析其影响因素。方法：选择2018年7月~2021年2月期间收治的100例DN维持性血液透析患者,记录低血糖发生情况,按照是否发生低血糖将患者分为低血糖组（n=47）和无低血糖组（n=53）。收集两组患者的临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析DN维持性血液透析患者低血糖发生的影响因素。结果：100例患者1个月内共检测血糖 1200次,其中有47例出现低血糖症状,低血糖发生率为47.00%（47/100）,53例患者未发生低血糖。DN维持性血液透析患者低血糖发生与性别、婚姻状况、工作状况、医保类型、维持性血液透析方式、收缩压、空腹血糖（FBG）、内生肌酐清除率（Ccr）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、三酰甘油（TG）无关（P>0.05）,而与年龄、DN病程、体质量指数、文化程度、尿微量蛋白尿排泄率（UAER）、用药依从性、自我管理能力、照护能力有关（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归性分析结果显示：年龄偏大、DN病程偏长、体质量指数偏低、UAER偏高是DN维持性血液透析患者低血糖发生的危险因素,而用药依从性、照护能力良好则是DN维持性血液透析患者低血糖发生的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论：DN维持性血液透析患者低血糖发生率较高,其中年龄偏大、DN病程偏长、体质量指数偏低、UAER偏高是DN维持性血液透析患者低血糖发生的危险因素,而用药依从性、照护能力良好则是其保护因素。     

维持性血液透析患者透析期血压波动的危险因素及其对生存状况的影响

摘要 目的：观察维持性血液透析（MHD）患者透析期血压波动的状况,分析其危险因素及其对生存状况的影响。方法：从江苏省人民医院选取于2018年4月~2021年7月期间接受治疗的210例MHD患者。将患者根据△收缩压（SBP）的绝对值大小,分为血压低波动组（84例,△SBP的绝对值大小<10 mmHg）和血压高波动组（126例,△SBP的绝对值大小≥10 mmHg）。收集两组患者的一般资料和实验室资料,MHD患者血压波动的危险因素采用Logistic回归模型进行分析。以门诊复查或电话的形式随访1年,统计两组预后情况。结果：单因素结果显示,MHD患者透析期血压波动与透析龄、体质量指数（BMI）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、磷（P）、白蛋白（ALB）、血红蛋白（Hb）、全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）、尿素清除指数（Kt/V）、超滤量有关（P<0.05）。而与年龄、性别、血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、钙（Ca）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）无关（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic 回归模型结果显示：透析龄越长、iPTH升高、Kt/V下降、P升高、BMI升高是导致MHD患者透析期血压波动的危险因素,ALB上升为保护因素（P<0.05）。两组患者1年生存率、死亡率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：MHD患者透析期血压波动受到透析龄、iPTH、Kt/V、P、ALB、BMI变化的影响,MHD患者透析期血压波动均会导致患者发生死亡风险。     

Increased Risk of Acute Pancreatitis in Patients with Chronic Hemodialysis: A 4-Year Follow-Up Study

Background

The risk of acute pancreatitis in patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis is higher as compared to the general population. However, the relationship between long-term hemodialysis and acute pancreatitis has never been established.

Objectives

We investigated the incidence of acute pancreatitis among patients on long-term hemodialysis in Taiwan to evaluate if there is a higher risk of acute pancreatitis in comparison to the general population.

Methods

We utilized a National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data sample containing one million beneficiaries. We followed all adult beneficiaries from January 1, 2007 until December 31, 2010 to see if they had been hospitalized for acute pancreatitis during this period. We further identified patients on chronic hemodialysis and compared their risk of acute pancreatitis with the general population.

Results

This study included 2603 patients with long-term hemodialysis and 773,140 patients without hemodialysis. After controlling for age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index Score, geographic region, socioeconomic status and urbanization level, the adjusted hazard ratio was 3.44 (95% Confidence interval, 2.5–4.7).

Conclusions

The risk of acute pancreatitis in patients on long-term hemodialysis is significantly higher in comparison to the general population.     

四肢深度烧伤患者创面感染的病原菌分布、危险因素分析及血清促炎因子水平变化的临床意义

摘要 目的：观察四肢深度烧伤患者创面感染的病原菌分布特点,并分析感染的危险因素及血清促炎因子水平变化的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析2018年3月~2021年1月期间海南省第三人民医院烧伤整形科收治的220例四肢深度烧伤患者的病例资料,根据是否发生创面感染分为感染组和未感染组,观察感染组创面分泌物病原菌分布特点,收集相关资料,分析创面感染的危险因素,比较感染组和未感染组血清血清促炎因子水平的差异。结果：220例四肢深度烧伤患者中,有64例出现创面感染,感染率为29.09%。64例感染患者中共检出102株病原菌,革兰阴性菌占比67.65%（69/102）,其中铜绿假单胞菌（52.94%）、鲍氏不动杆菌（7.84%）、大肠埃希菌（2.94%）排前三位;革兰阳性菌占比32.35%（33/102）,其中金黄色葡萄球菌（14.71%）、表皮葡萄球菌（7.84%）排前两位;无真菌检出。单因素分析结果显示：四肢深度烧伤患者是否发生创面感染与术后有无残余创面、是否合并糖尿病、烧伤面积、是否存在吸入性损伤、住院时长、烧伤深度有关（P<0.05）,而与年龄、性别、烧伤部位、烧伤原因无关（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：术后有残余创面、合并糖尿病、烧伤面积≥40%、存在吸入性损伤、烧伤深度为III度是四肢深度烧伤患者发生创面感染的危险因素（P<0.05）。感染组的血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平高于未感染组（P<0.05）。结论：四肢深度烧伤患者发生创面感染概率较高,且感染者的炎性反应更为剧烈,创面感染受到多种因素影响,创面感染的病原菌以铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为主,临床应及早干预并选用合适的抗菌药物。     

血液透析联合血液透析滤过对患者营养及微炎症指标的影响

目的:探讨血液透析(HD)联合血液透析滤过(HDF)对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者营养及微炎症指标的影响。方法:选择2005年12月到2014年12月在我院接受治疗的140例MHD患者,随机分为HD组(n=70)和HD+HDF组(n=70)。比较两组患者治疗前后营养不良-炎症评分(MIS)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、血红蛋白(Hb)、握力(HS)、肱三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)的变化。结果:治疗后,HD+HDF组患者MIS明显降低,ALB、PA、Hb、HS、TSF明显升高(均P0.05),且各指标改善程度均优于HD组(均P0.05);治疗后,HD+HDF组患者相比于治疗前和HD组治疗后,CRP、IL-6明显降低(均P0.05)。结论:HD联合HDF较单纯HD能更好的改善患者营养状态,减轻微炎症反应。     

缬沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钠对尿毒症维持性血液透析患者炎症因子及营养状况的影响

目的:探讨缬沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钠对维持性血液透析患者炎症因子及其营养状况的影响.方法:将120例维持性血液透析患者随机分为对照组与观察组,每组各60例.给予对照组患者口服阿托伐他汀,观察组患者给予缬沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钠口服.比较两组治疗前后C-反应蛋白(CRP)、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、抵抗素及血清白蛋白(ALb)、血红蛋白(Hb)的变化情况.结果:治疗后6月两组患者hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6及抵抗素水平均显著下降(P＜0.05),但观察组患者上述指标显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组治疗后Alb及Hb水平显著高于对照组,差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:缬沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钠用于维持性血液透析患者,可显著减少炎症因子水平,改善患者营养状况.     

Ankle-Brachial Index: A Simple Way to Predict Mortality among Patients on Hemodialysis - A Prospective Study

Background

Ankle-brachial index (ABI) can access peripheral artery disease and predict mortality in prevalent patients on hemodialysis. However, ABI has not yet been tested in incident patients, who present significant mortality. Typically, ABI is measured by Doppler, which is not always available, limiting its use in most patients. We therefore hypothesized that ABI, evaluated by a simplified method, can predict mortality in an incident hemodialysis population.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We studied 119 patients with ESRD who had started hemodialysis three times weekly. ABI was calculated by using two oscillometric blood pressure devices simultaneously. Patients were followed until death or the end of the study. ABI was categorized in two groups normal (0.9–1.3) or abnormal (<0.9 and >1.3). There were 33 deaths during a median follow-up of 12 months (from 3 to 24 months). Age (1 year) (hazard of ratio, 1.026; p = 0.014) and ABI abnormal (hazard ratio, 3.664; p = 0.001) were independently related to mortality in a multiple regression analysis.

Conclusions

An easy and inexpensive technique to measure ABI was tested and showed to be significant in predicting mortality. Both low and high ABI were associated to mortality in incident patients on hemodialysis. This technique allows nephrologists to identify high-risk patients and gives the opportunity of early intervention that could alter the natural progression of this population.     

Elderly Peritoneal Dialysis Compared with Elderly Hemodialysis Patients and Younger Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Competing Risk Analysis of a Korean Prospective Cohort Study

The outcomes of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in elderly patients have not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes and risk factors associated with PD in elderly patients. We conducted a prospective observational nationwide adult end-stage renal disease (ESRD) cohort study in Korea from August 2008 to March 2013. Among incident patients (n = 830), patient and technical survival rate, quality of life, and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) scores of elderly PD patients (≥65 years, n = 95) were compared with those of PD patients aged ≤49 years (n = 205) and 50~64 years (n = 192); and elderly hemodialysis (HD) patients (n = 315). The patient death and technical failure were analyzed by cumulative incidence function. Competing risk regressions were used to assess the risk factors for survival. The patient survival rate of elderly PD patients was inferior to that of younger PD patients (P<0.001). However, the technical survival rate was similar (P = 0.097). Compared with elderly HD patients, the patient survival rate did not differ according to dialysis modality (P = 0.987). Elderly PD patients showed significant improvement in the BDI scores, as compared with the PD patients aged ≤49 years (P = 0.003). Low albumin, diabetes and low residual renal function were significant risk factors for the PD patient survival; and peritonitis was a significant risk factor for technical survival. Furthermore, low albumin and hospitalization were significant risk factors of patient survival among the elderly. The overall outcomes were similar between elderly PD and HD patients. PD showed the benefit in BDI and quality of life in the elderly. Additionally, the technical survival rate of elderly PD patients was similar to that of younger PD patients. Taken together, PD may be a comparable modality for elderly ESRD patients.     

老年维持性血液透析患者认知功能障碍的影响因素及其对脑血流动力学、肠道菌群和预后的影响

摘要 目的：探讨老年维持性血液透析（MHD）患者认知功能障碍（CI）的影响因素及其对脑血流动力学、肠道菌群和预后的影响。方法：选取2017年2月～2021年1月长治医学院附属晋城医院收治的411例老年MHD患者,根据蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评分结果,将其分为CI组（n=321）和非CI组（n=90）。收集所有老年MHD患者临床资料,检测、分析其脑血流动力学和肠道菌群水平。采用Logistic回归分析老年MHD患者CI的影响因素。随访18个月,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制两组患者生存曲线,对比其生存预后情况。结果：411例老年MHD患者CI发生率为78.10％（321/411）。单因素分析显示,CI组年龄大于非CI组,体质指数（BMI）、单室尿素清除指数（spKt/V）、白蛋白水平低于非CI组,受教育年限＞12年比例少于非CI组,透析龄长于非CI组,高血压、糖尿病比例和全段甲状旁腺素高于非CI组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄及透析龄增加和高血压、糖尿病为老年MHD患者CI的独立危险因素,受教育年限＞12年和BMI、spKt/V、白蛋白水平升高为其独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。与非CI组比较,CI组大脑中动脉-平均血流速度（MCA-Vm）、大脑前动脉-平均血流速度（ACA-Vm）降低,大脑中动脉-搏动指数（MCA-PI）、大脑前动脉-搏动指数（ACA-PI）升高（P＜0.05）。与非CI组比较,CI组肠球菌和大肠埃希菌数量增加,乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量减少（P＜0.05）。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析显示,CI组累积生存率低于非CI组（P＜0.05）。结论：年龄、BMI、受教育年限、透析龄、高血压、糖尿病、spKt/V、白蛋白是老年MHD患者CI的影响因素,CI与老年MHD患者脑血流动力学紊乱、肠道菌群失衡和预后不良有关。     

常规血液透析和维持性血液透析对尿毒症患者心脏结构 及功能影响的对比研究

目的：采用超声联合心电图比较常规血液透析和维持性血液透析对尿毒症患者心脏结构及功能影响。方法：选取2014 年2 月至2014 年11 月我院收治的尿毒症患者110 例,将其随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各55例。对照组予常规血液透析,实验组 予维持性血液透析,采用碳酸氢盐透析液,透析液流量500-600 mL/min,每周透析2-3 次,每次透析4h。治疗后,通过超声心动图 测定室间隔厚度、左心室壁厚度、左心室舒张末内径、射血分数,采用心电图Q-T离散度分析Q-T离散度。结果：①治疗后,与对照 组相比较,实验组患者EF、FS 均显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),LVDd、LVDs、LVMI、LVH 值均明显升高,差异具有统 计学意义(P＜0.05)。②治疗后,维持性血液透析患者的心电图Q-T 离散度与对照组相比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：维 持性血液透析较常规血液透析能够更有效地改善尿毒症患者的心脏结构及功能。