乳腺癌组织中血管内皮生长因子和抑癌基因Maspin 的表达及意义

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和抑癌基因Maspin(mammary-serpin)在乳腺癌组织中的表达。方法:采用免疫组织化学法法检测乳腺癌组织与癌旁正常组织中的VEGF和Maspin表达水平。结果:VEGF在正常乳腺组织中表达率为44.4%(40/90),在乳腺癌组织中的表达率为91.1%(82/90),Maspin在正常乳腺组织中表达率为100%(90/90),在乳腺癌组织中的表达率为68.9%(62/90)。VEGF蛋白表达水平与乳腺癌TNM分期、淋巴结转移有关(P<0.01),Maspin蛋白的表达与乳腺癌的组织学分型、分级、淋巴结转移均有关(P<0.05)。结论:检测VEGF和Maspin有利于乳腺癌的生物学行为评估和乳腺癌预后判断。     

凋亡抑制基因livin与survivin在乳腺癌中的表达差异

目的探讨凋亡抑制基因livin在乳腺癌发生、发展中的作用及其与survivin基因的表达和乳腺癌生物学行为之间的关系。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测44例乳腺癌组织、40例癌旁正常组织及4个乳腺癌细胞系中livinmRNA和survivin mRNA的表达,并用免疫组化(IHC)EnVision法检测上述组织和细胞中livin和survivin蛋白的表达。结果livin mRNA和survivin mRNA在乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为72.7%(32/44)和61.4%(27/44),在癌旁正常组织中的阳性率分别为7.50%(3/40)和5.00%(2/40),二者在癌组织中的表达均显著高于在正常组织中的表达(P<0.01)。livin和survivin蛋白表达情况与mRNA结果相似(P<0.01)。livin和survivin在乳腺癌组织中的表达无显著相关性(P>0.05)。4个乳腺癌细胞系中均有survivin mRNA和蛋白的表达,而MCF-7及MDA-MB-435细胞系中呈阴性表达。survivin基因在伴有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组织中的表达明显高于无淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组织(P=0.0047),livin在雌激素受体(ER)阴性或者Her2/neu阳性表达的乳腺癌中的阳性率有升高的趋势,但并无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论livin和survivin基因在人乳腺癌组织中表达上调,提示其可能在乳腺癌发生、发展中起重要促进作用,sur-vivin和淋巴结转移的密切关系表明它的高表达可能反映患者较差的预后。livin和survivin基因一样可能成为乳腺癌治疗中的一个靶基因。     

COPB2 is up‐regulated in breast cancer and plays a vital role in the metastasis via N‐cadherin and Vimentin

Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignant tumour for the adult female and its relative incidence has increased continuously in recent years. The primary molecular mechanisms of breast tumourigenesis remain unclear. With the sequencing technology, we found that coatomer protein complex subunit beta 2 (COPB2) gene is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues. However, the biological function of COPB2 in BC has yet to be determined. This current research demonstrates, significant up‐regulation of COPB2 in tissues of breast cancer while comparing the adjacent normal tissue both invalidated cohort and TCGA cohort. Up‐regulated expression of COPB2 was correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and oestrogen receptor (ER) in the TCGA cohort and a high level of COPB2 was associated with age and lymph node metastasis in the validated cohort. Besides, logistic analysis illustrated in BC patient COPB2 expression, tumour size, age, ER and disease stage were independent high‐risk factors of LNM. Loss of function experiments revealed that down‐regulation of COPB2 could inhibit capacities of proliferation and cell invasion in MDA‐MB‐231 and BT‐549 cell lines. Moreover, underexpression of COPB2 could decrease the EMT‐related protein N‐cadherin and vimentin which may lead to cell invasion. This current research provides new shreds of evidence that COPB2 overexpression shows significant character in the progression of breast cancer. To best of our knowledge, our findings indicated that COPB2 was vital oncogene which was associated with breast cancer.     

FGFR4 mRNA及蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究乳腺癌组织与乳腺癌癌旁组织中FGFR4 mRNA及蛋白的表达及其临床意义。方法:分别以实时荧光定量RT-PCR、Western blot的方法检测52例乳腺癌组织和52例癌旁正常组织中FGFR4 mRNA和蛋白的表达,分析FGFR4 mRNA和蛋白的表达与临床病理特征的相关性。结果:在乳腺癌组织中,FGFR4 mRNA及蛋白的表达均高于在乳腺癌癌旁正常组织(P0.05),并且FGFR4的表达与患者淋巴结转移和Her-2相关,而与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、分化程度、ER和PR无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论:FGFR4 mRNA及蛋白在乳腺癌组织中表达升高,与淋巴结转移和Her-2有关,有望成为预测乳腺癌的转移和预后的参考指标之一。     

乳腺癌中Rho A蛋白表达及其与Cyclin D1和P21WAF1/CIP1蛋白表达的相关性

目的探讨Rho A蛋白在人乳腺癌中的表达情况,Rho A蛋白与临床病理因素的关系,及其与细胞周期蛋白Cyclin D1,细胞周期抑制蛋白 P21 WAF1/CIP1表达的相关性.方法应用免疫组化S-P法,检测64例乳腺癌组织及20例正常乳腺组织中Rho A蛋白、Cyclin D1和P21 WAF1/CIP1蛋白的表达情况.结果 (1)Rho A、 Cyclin D1和P21 WAF1/CIP1蛋白在正常乳腺组织中的表达率分别为5.00%、25.00%、15.00%,在乳腺癌组织中的表达率分别为73.44%、59.38%、48.44%,三者在乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达分别与正常乳腺组织相比,均差异有显著性意义(P< 0.01).(2)Rho A蛋白表达与病理组织分级,淋巴结转移相关(P< 0.05),与患者年龄、肿瘤大小及临床分期无关.(3)RhoA蛋白与P21 WAF1/CIP1蛋白表达呈负相关(χ2=4.548,P<0.05),与Cyclin D1蛋白表达无关.结论乳腺癌患者RhoA蛋白过表达与预后不良有关.RhoA蛋白通过下调P21 WAF1/CIP1蛋白参与细胞周期调节,进而与乳腺癌发展及侵袭转移相关.     

乳腺癌中Abi1和c-Abl及WAVE 2的表达及其相互关系

目的研究乳腺癌组织中Abi1、c-Abl和WAVE2蛋白的表达及其相互关系。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测66例乳腺癌组织和24例正常乳腺组织中Abi1、c-Abl和WAVE2蛋白的表达情况。结果 1.正常乳腺组织与乳腺癌组织相比,Abi1和WAVE2蛋白表达有显著性差异(P0.05),而c-Abl蛋白表达无显著性差异(P0.05),但有定位的改变。2.Abi1强阳性率与乳腺癌的肿瘤大小、组织学分级、淋巴结转移及临床分期呈负相关性(P0.05);与患者年龄无关(P0.05)。c-Abl阳性率及WAVE2强阳性率均与乳腺癌的组织学分级、淋巴结转移及临床分期呈负相关性(P0.05);与患者年龄及肿瘤大小无关(P0.05)。3.Abi1蛋白表达与c-Abl和WAVE2蛋白表达呈正相关(P0.05)。结论乳腺癌中Abi1低表达与预后不良有关。乳腺癌中Abi1蛋白表达的变化可影响c-Abl蛋白的定位和WAVE2蛋白的表达。推测Abi1在Abl/Abi1/WAVE2通路中具有至关重要的地位。     

Differential proteomic analysis of late-stage and recurrent breast cancer from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues

The heterogeneity of breast cancer requires the discovery of more incisive molecular tools that better define disease progression and prognosis. Proteomic analysis of homogeneous tumor cell populations derived by laser microdissection from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues has proven to be a robust strategy for conducting retrospective cancer biomarker investigations. We describe an MS-based analysis of laser microdissected cancerous epithelial cells derived from twenty-five breast cancer patients at defined clinical disease stages with the goal of identifying protein abundance characteristics indicative of disease progression and recurrence. Comparative analysis of stage 0 and stage III patients revealed 113 proteins that significantly differentiated these groups and included known factors associated with disease pathogenesis, such as CDH1 and CTNNB1, as well as those previously implicated in breast cancer, such as TSP-1. Similar analyses of patients presenting with stage II disease that did or did not exhibit recurrence two years postdiagnosis revealed 42 proteins that significantly differentiated these subgroups and included IRS-1 and PARK7. These data provide evidence supporting the utility of FFPE tissues for functional proteomic analyses and protein biomarker discovery and yielded protein candidates indicative of disease stage and recurrence in breast cancer that warrant further investigation for diagnostic utility and biological relevance.     

Clinical relevance of cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MT1-MMP) in human breast cancer tissue

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm among women in most developed countries, including Egypt. Elevated levels of certain proteins in human BC are associated with unfavorable prognosis and progressive stages of the disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the protein expression profile and prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and membrane type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP) and their interaction in operable BC patients. The protein expression of COX-2, MMP-2 and MT1-MMP were evaluated by western blot technique, whereas enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was determined by zymography in 47 breast cancer patients as well as normal adjacent tissues. Also, the correlation between these proteins and age, tumor size, LN stage, TNM stage, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, disease-free survival, and overall survival (OS) has been investigated. As compared to adjacent normal tissues, COX-2, MMP-2 and MT1-MMP were over-expressed in 43, 64, and 60 % of tumor tissues, respectively. In the same pattern, the activity of MMP-2 (62 %) and MMP-9 (45 %) was elevated in BC tissues. Multivariate analysis showed a positive correlation between the protein expression of COX-2, MMP-2, and MT1-MMP and the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in BC patients. However, the enzymatic activity showed no correlation with clinicopathological features. This study confirms the preclinical evidence that COX-2 increased the expression of MT1-MMP, which in turn activates MMP-2. The lack of correlation with clinicopathological features, OS or disease-free survival ascertains the complexity of tumor progression and metastasis with many pro- and counter regulatory factors.     

A novel long non-coding RNA AC073352.1 promotes metastasis and angiogenesis via interacting with YBX1 in breast cancer

Breast cancer is the major cause of cancer death worldwide in women. Patients with metastasis have poor prognosis and the mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis are not completely understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have crucial roles in breast cancer development and progression. However, the underlying mechanisms by which lncRNA-driven breast cancer metastasis are unknown. The main objective of this paper is to explore a functional lncRNA and its mechanisms in breast cancer. Here we identified a novel lncRNA AC073352.1 that was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues and was associated with advanced TNM stages and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. In addition, AC073352.1 was found to promote the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and enhance breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, we elucidated that AC073352.1 interacted with YBX1 and stabilized its protein expression. Knock down of YBX1 reduced breast cancer cell migration and invasion and could partially reverse the stimulative effects of AC073352.1 overexpressed on breast cancer metastasis. Moreover, AC073352.1 might be packaged into exosomes by binding to YBX1 in breast cancer cells resulting in angiogenesis. Collectively, our results demonstrated that AC073352.1 promoted breast cancer metastasis and angiogenesis via binding YBX1, and it could serve as a promising, novel biomarker for prognosis and a therapeutic target in breast cancer.Subject terms: Breast cancer, Cell invasion, Long non-coding RNAs     

乳腺癌细胞肿瘤标记物表达及其与临床病理特征相关性研究

目的 探讨肿瘤标记物14-3-3σ、Akt 和p27Kip1 蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及其与临床病理特征及Her-2 的相关性.方法 选取43 份乳腺癌石蜡标本和10 份正常乳腺组织标本,采用免疫组织化学技术(SABC)检测组织中14-3-3σ、Akt 和p27Kip1 蛋白的表达,结合临床资料和随访资料,进行回顾性研究,...     

子宫内膜癌组织残疾基因同源物2、核连蛋白-2、黏蛋白4的表达及与预后的关系研究

目的:研究子宫内膜癌组织残疾基因同源物2(DAB2)、核连蛋白-2(nucleobindin-2)、黏蛋白4(MUC4)的表达及与预后的关系。方法:将我院从2015年1月2017年1月收治的子宫内膜癌患者82例纳入研究。分别采集所有患者的子宫内膜癌组织以及癌旁正常组织,以免疫组化法检测不同子宫内膜组织中的DAB2、nucleobindin-2、MUC4表达情况并进行对比。分析子宫内膜癌组织DAB2、nucleobindin-2、MUC4阳性率与临床病理特征的关系。此外,通过Kaplan-Merier生存曲线分析上述蛋白表达与预后的关系,并以Cox比例风险回归模型分析子宫内膜癌患者预后的影响因素。结果:子宫内膜癌组织DAB2阳性率低于癌旁正常组织,而nucleobindin-2、MUC4阳性率均高于癌旁正常组织(均P<0.05)。TNM分期ⅢⅣ期、淋巴结转移子宫内膜癌患者的DAB2阳性率低于TNM分期ⅠⅡ期、无淋巴结转移患者,而nucleobindin-2、MUC4阳性率均高于TNM分期ⅠⅡ期、无淋巴结转移患者(均P<0.05)。所有患者均进行时长360个月的随访,中位随访时间为31个月,至随访结束,DAB2蛋白阳性患者的无进展生存率分别为66.67%(20/30),明显高于DAB2蛋白阴性患者的19.23%(10/52);而nucleobindin-2、MUC4蛋白阳性患者的无进展生存率分别为22.95%(14/61)、24.56%(14/57),明显低于nucleobindin-2、MUC4蛋白阴性患者的76.19%(16/21)、64.00%(16/25),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果可得:TNM分期、淋巴结转移以及DAB2蛋白阴性、nucleobindin-2蛋白阳性、MUC4蛋白阳性均是子宫内膜癌患者预后的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论:子宫内膜癌组织DAB2存在异常低表达,而nucleobindin-2、MUC4均存在异常高表达,联合检测上述三项蛋白表达情况可能有助于子宫内膜癌的诊断和预后评估。     

miR-203a靶向及其靶基因对乳腺癌淋巴结转移的影响*

目的:探讨miR-203a靶向及其靶基因ATM在乳腺癌组织中的表达及相关性,为乳腺癌的发病机制尤其是淋巴结转移机制提供理论依据。方法:收集30例配对的乳腺癌和癌旁正常组织,对两组标本采用RT-qPCR检测miR-203a及ATM的相对表达量,对miR-203a和ATM进行相关分析,并对其与临床病理特征进行相关分析,比较miR-203a和ATM的表达在淋巴结转移和未转移之间是否有统计学差异。结果:与癌旁正常组织相比,乳腺癌组织中miR-203a的表达显著升高(P＜0.01),ATM的表达显著降低(P＜0.01),二者呈显著负相关(r=-0.847,P＜ 0.01);miR-203a和ATM的表达均与淋巴结是否转移与不同临床分期显著相关(P＜0.05);miR-203a在淋巴结已转移组中的表达显著低于未转移组(P＜0.05),ATM在淋巴结已转移组中的表达显著高于未转移组(P＜0.01)。结论:乳腺癌早期miR-203a过表达抑制其靶基因ATM的表达很可能是一种调节肿瘤细胞增殖、转移和侵袭性的保护机制,到中晚期下调miR-203a上调ATM基因,可能参与淋巴结转移。     

Aberrant expression of Arpin in human breast cancer and its clinical significance

Arpin (Arp2/3 complex inhibitor), a novel protein found in 2013, plays a pivotal role in cell motility and migration. However, the precise role of Arpin in cancer is unclear. This study investigated the expression of Arpin in breast cancer and evaluated its correlation with the characteristics of clinical pathology and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Arpin protein was performed on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded 176 breast cancer tissues and 43 normal breast tissues while qRT‐PCR for Arpin mRNA with 104 paired tumour and paratumoural tissues from breast cancer patients respectively. The association of Arpin expression with clinical pathological features and survival was assessed in a retrospective cohort analysis of patients. The results showed that the expression of Arpin protein in cancer tissues was lower compared to that in normal breast and the expression of Arpin mRNA was also lower in cancer tissues than that in the matched paratumoural tissues. Among the 176 breast cancer patients, the lower expression of Arpin was significantly associated with advanced tumour, nodes and metastasis system stage, and the reduced Arpin expression was strongly associated with axillary lymph node metastasis using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis [odds ratio: 3.242; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.526, 6.888; P < 0.05]. Furthermore, Arpin expression was an independent risk factor for recurrence‐free survival (HR: 0.373; 95% CI: 0.171, 0.813; P < 0.05). As Arpin expression was first examined in human breast cancer tissues with qRT‐PCR and IHC, our results suggest that Arpin downregulation may contribute to the initiation and development of breast cancer metastasis. Therefore, as a potential predictive marker, Arpin deserves future studies.     

The malignant potential of HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma

Background

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and cause of deaths in women around the world. Oncogene amplification usually occurs late in tumor progression and correlates well with aggressiveness of tumor. In fact the function of the S100A4 protein and its role in metastasis is unclear at present. The purpose of the study was to determine the expression of S100A4 protein in the invasion status and metastatic potential of breast cancer by using tissue microarray and to determine its role in breast cancer based on the expression of S100A4 gene product.

Methods

S100A4 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using commercially available tissue microarray containing malignant and normal breast tissue cores from 216 patients.

Results

S100A4 was absent in normal breast tissues while positive in 45.1% of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) node negative and 48.8% of infiltrating lobular carcinoma node negative. In paired samples, S100A4 protein was expressed in 13.5% of IDC node positive cases and 35.1% of matched lymph node metastasis.

Conclusion

S100A4 protein expression appears widely expressed in early and advanced breast cancer stages compared with normal breast. Our study suggests S100A4 may play a role in breast cancer progression and may prove to be an independent marker of breast cancer which appears to be down regulated in more advanced stages of breast cancer.     

Dysregulation of Claudin family genes in colorectal cancer in a Chinese population

Claudins play an important role in tumor metastasis and in invasiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC). We have evaluated the relationship between CRC and expression of the claudin genes in Chinese patients with CRC. We measured CLDN1 and CLDN7 mRNA using quantitative PCR, and protein levels with immunohistochemistry in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissue. Cancer tissues had significantly higher levels of CLDN1, and significantly lower levels of CLDN3, CLDN4, and CLDN7 than did normal tissue. CLDN3, CLDN4, and CLDN7 expression levels were higher in CRC of the protruded type than in CRC of the infiltrative type. Expression of CLDN7 correlated with lymph node metastasis. Stage N0 cancer tissues had higher levels of CLDN7 than did stages N1 and N2, suggesting that CLDN7 expression was closely related to the extent of lymph node metastasis. CLDN1 protein was upregulated, but CLDN7 protein was downregulated in cancer tissues when compared with expression in adjacent normal tissues. In conclusion, CLDN3, CLDN4, and CLDN7 were significantly downregulated, whereas CLDN1 was significantly upregulated in CRC. The altered expression of claudin genes may play a role in the initiation and development of CRC.     

The Expression of TMPRSS4 and Erk1 Correlates with Metastasis and Poor Prognosis in Chinese Patients with Gastric Cancer

Purpose

The present study investigated the clinical significance of transmembrane protease, serine 4(TMPRSS4) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 (Erk1) in the development, progression and metastasis of gastric cancer.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry was employed to analyze TMPRSS4 and Erk1 expression in 436 gastric cancer cases and 92 non-cancerous human gastric tissues.

Results

Protein levels of TMPRSS4 and Erk1 were up-regulated in gastric cancer lesions compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. High expression of TMPRSS4 correlated with age, size, Lauren’s classification, depth of invasion, lymph node and distant metastases, regional lymph node stage and TNM stage, and also with expression of Erk1. In stages I, II and III, the 5-year survival rate of patients with high TMPRSS4 expression was significantly lower than in patients with low expression. Further multivariate analysis suggests that up-regulation of TMPRSS4 and Erk1 were independent prognostic indicators for the disease, along with depth of invasion, lymph node and distant metastasis and TNM stage.

Conclusions

Expression of TMPRSS4 in gastric cancer is significantly associated with lymph node and distant metastasis, high Erk1 expression, and poor prognosis. TMPRSS4 and Erk1 proteins could be useful markers to predict tumor progression and prognosis of gastric cancer.     

Fas 相关死亡结构域蛋白在乳腺癌中表达的临床病理研究

目的:探讨Fas相关死亡结构域蛋白(Fas-associated death domain protein,FADD)在乳腺癌中表达的临床病理学意义。方法:收集乳腺癌病例及相应的临床资料包括随访资料,应用免疫组织化学技术检测乳腺良性病变,有/无淋巴结转移的乳腺癌及配对淋巴结转移灶中FADD的表达,观察分析FADD表达与乳腺癌患者年龄、肿块大小、临床分期、组织学类型和分级、雌孕激素受体水平等临床病理指标间的关系。结果:免疫组化检测结果显示良性乳腺病变组中FADD的阳性表达率(85.1%,40/47)与无淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组(45.8%,38/83),伴有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组(67.3%72/107)和淋巴结转移灶(45.8%,49/107)组织中FADD阳性表率均有显著性差异(P值分别0.001,=0.022和0.001);此外,伴有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组中FADD阳性表达率也均与其它三组中FADD阳性表达率之间具有显著性差异(P值分别为0.003,0.001和0.022)。FADD与患者的确诊年龄(P=0.049)和淋巴结转移有显著性相关(P=0.003),与肿瘤大小、临床分期、组织学类型、组织学分级、雌孕激素受体及cerb B-2的表达情况和月经史无明显相关性(P0.05)。生存分析显示FADD阳性表达的患者较FADD阴性患者的生存期更短。结论:FADD与乳腺癌淋巴结转移和预后有关。     

Atomic resolution structure of the major endoglucanase from Thermoascus aurantiacus

Breast cancer is a common disease in females but very rare in males, in whom it shows a more metastatic behavior, and a worse prognosis. Matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 are proteolytic enzymes balanced by tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 (TIMP-2), commonly involved in cancer metastasis. This is the first study on gelatinolytic activity in male breast cancer patients, compared to that in female patients. In cancer tissues, both gelatinases were more expressed than in normal samples, being and more concentrated in male than in female patients. TIMP-2 levels were slightly increased in normal compared to those in cancer tissues and more concentrated in males than in females. Immunostaining showed that in male cancer tissues MMP-2 and MMP-9 staining was more intense and diffuse than in female cancer tissues, while no differences were observed regarding TIMP-2. In conclusion, the increased expression of gelatinases in male breast cancer patients together with anatomical features might explain the high tendency toward metastasis and the worse prognosis.     

氨基酸转运载体ASCT2和LAT1在胃癌组织的表达及其临床价值

摘要 目的：研究ASC型氨基酸转运体2（ASCT2）和L型氨基酸转运体1（LAT1）在胃癌组织中的表达情况,并探讨其临床价值。方法：收集70例进展期胃癌组织以及相对应的肿瘤旁组织,采用免疫组化方法检测ASCT2和LAT1在相应组织中的表达水平,并研究其表达与患者临床病理参数和预后的相关性。结果：与癌旁组织相比,胃癌组织中ASCT2或LAT1的高表达率均有统计学差异,但其各自的表达率与癌旁组织相比无明显差异。LAT1和ASCT2在胃癌组织中的共表达率与癌旁组织相比有明显统计学差异。胃癌组织中ASCT2高表达与肿瘤体积、T分期、N分期、TNM分期和Ki-67指数显著相关;LAT1的高表达与肿瘤体积、N分期和TNM分期相关。胃癌组织中ASCT2与LAT1共表达与肿瘤体积、T分期、N分期、TNM分期和Ki-67指数显著相关。胃癌组织中ASCT2和LAT1的高表达呈正相关。胃癌组织中ASCT2高表达、LAT1高表达及ASCT2与LAT1共表达与患者不良预后有关。结论：胃癌组织中ASCT2高表达、LAT1高表达以及ASCT2与LAT1共表达提示患者预后不良,有一定临床价值。     

Correlation of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 subcellular localization and lymph node metastases of colorectal neoplasms

In colorectal neoplasms, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is a primarily cytoplasmic protein, but it is also expressed on the cell membrane and in the nucleus. NDRG1 is involved in various stages of tumor development in colorectal cancer, and it is possible that the different subcellular localizations may determine the function of NDRG1 protein. Here, we attempt to clarify the characteristics of NDRG1 protein subcellular localization during the progression of colorectal cancer. We examined NDRG1 expression in 49 colorectal cancer patients in cancerous, non-cancerous, and corresponding lymph node tissues. Cytoplasmic and membrane NDRG1 expression was higher in the lymph nodes with metastases than in those without metastases (P < 0.01). Nuclear NDRG1 expression in colorectal neoplasms was significantly higher than in the normal colorectal mucosa, and yet the normal colorectal mucosa showed no nuclear expression. Furthermore, our results showed higher cytoplasmic NDRG1 expression was better for differentiation, and higher membrane NDRG1 expression resulted in a greater possibility of lymph node metastasis. These data indicate that a certain relationship between the cytoplasmic and membrane expression of NDRG1 in lymph nodes exists with lymph node metastasis. NDRG1 expression may translocate from the membrane of the colorectal cancer cells to the nucleus, where it is involved in lymph node metastasis. Combination analysis of NDRG1 subcellular expression and clinical variables will help predict the incidence of lymph node metastasis.