非诱变剂对姐妹染色单体交换的诱导效应

检测了１６种非诱变剂对大麦根端分生细胞姐妹染色单体交换（ＳＣＥ）的影响及其中９种成份对人外周血淋巴细胞ＳＣＥ的影响。在大麦细胞中,用高浓度的葡萄糖、氯化钠、维生素、氨基酸及脱氧核糖核苷三磷酸（ｄＮＴＰ）处理均能显著提高ＳＣＥ频率。维生素、氨基酸和ｄＮＴＰ对人外周血淋巴细胞中的ＳＣＥ频率也有显著影响,实验结果表明,不只是诱变剂能提高ＳＣＥ频率,非诱变剂在一定高剂量时也能提高ＳＣＥ频率。非诱变剂影响Ｓ     

黄鳝染色体体内SCE检测系统的建立

应用IdU-毛玉米油体内SCE技术,以不同剂量的典型诱变剂MMC和CP对70尾黄鳝的脾、肾、血淋巴细胞进行了体内诱发SCE敏感性测试。结果:三种细胞的染色体SCE自发频率均较低,不同剂量MMC和CP诱发黄鳝三种细胞SCE频率均较对照组显著增加。诱变剂剂量与诱发SCE频率呈线性关系。三种细胞染色体SCE对MMC和CP的敏感性次序为肾>脾>血淋巴细胞。与几种鱼和其它动物比较,黄鳝三种细胞的SCE自发频率均较低,对MMC和CP诱发SCE的敏感性均较高,因此认为黄鳝可作为较理想的体内SCE检测系统。     

毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿患者外周血淋巴细胞SCE须率的研究

姊妹染色单体交换（SCE）系一条染色体中 两条姊妹染色单体之间同源节段的互换。SCE 可以自发产生,各物种细胞中自发SCE频率 相对比较稳定。但若用诱变剂或致癌剂处理细 胞,则SCE频率可显著提高u1。已经证实,一 些物质的诱变、致癌力与诱发SCE能力之间 存在很高的相关性[=,330目前,国内SCE技术 已用于多种遗传病、肿瘤和病毒性传染病的病 因学研究,以及化学“三致即物质作用机理的研 究［[3,A)。对毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿患者细胞SCE 频率尚未见报道。为了从细胞及亚细胞水平探 索本症的病因．,作者对20例毒性弥漫性甲状腺 肿患者外周血淋巴细胞SCE频率和20例正 常人细胞SCE频率进行了分析研究,现报告 如下。     

香烟烟雾水溶液中的活性氧及其对姊妹染色单体互换的影响

SCE频率分析是研究环境诱变剂和致癌剂引起人类遗传物质损伤的有效手段。以人类外周血林巴细胞姊妹染色单体交换（SCE）为指标,评价了香烟烟雾水溶液的遗传毒性。首先,定量测定了香烟烟雾水溶液中含有H2O2、O2-等活性氧,从而间接证明了其潜在的遗传毒性。然后,将一定量的香烟烟雾水溶液加入人外周血淋巴细胞培养液中,结果表明实验组SCE频率明显高于空白对照组,因此直接证明了香烟烟雾水溶液的遗传毒性。     

化学诱变物诱发小鼠脾脏细胞和大麦根端分生组织细胞姐妹染色单体交换的比较研究

诱变剂诱发SCE的增加在大麦细胞中比在小鼠脾脏细胞中所需浓度较低,说明植物SCE比动物体内SCE敏感。所检测的诱变剂大多均能在小鼠脾脏细胞和大麦细胞中诱发SCE的增加,两者之间的SCE/细胞、SCE/pgDNA、SCE比率、SCE/pgDNA增加等项数值均显示极显著相关性,表明所检测的几种诱变剂在小鼠脾脏细胞和大麦细胞中最终诱发SCE的效应是一致的。     

DNA修复酶系统的研究 Ⅱ.紫外线和丝裂霉素C诱发着色性干皮病外周血淋巴细胞的姐妹染色单体互换的观察

本文报告4例着色性干皮病病人和3例正常人外周血淋巴细胞经紫外线照射和/或丝裂霉素C处理诱发SCE的观察结果。经紫外线照射的3例着色性干皮病病人淋巴细胞的诱发SCE频率比未照射的自发SCE频率均有显著增高(P<0.01),而正常人的淋巴细胞经紫外线照射诱发的SCE频率与未照射的自发SCE频率之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。经丝裂霉素C处理的2例着色性干皮病病人和1例正常人淋巴细胞的诱发SCE频率比未处理的自发SCE频率均有明显增加,但病人的增加幅度显著大于正常人(P<0.01)。结果表明,这4例着色性干皮病病人都存在着DNA切除修复功能缺陷。此外,还发现分离淋巴细胞的自发SCE频率比微量全血培养的显著地高(P<0.01)。     

小鼠体内脾脏,骨髓及精原细胞姐妹染色单体交换的比较研究

本文对几种化学诱变剂诱发小鼠体内脾脏、骨髓和精原细胞的SCE进行了比较研究,同时分析了几类常见化合物在小鼠脾脏细胞中诱发SCE的活力。结果显示诱变剂在脾脏细胞中诱发SCE比骨髓和精原细胞敏感。几类化合物都能显著地诱发小鼠脾脏SCE的增加,与对照相比差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01),说明利用小鼠脾脏细胞检测环境诱变物是相当灵敏的。     

镉污染区人群淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换率的检测

对生活于镉污染区域的38人(男20人;女18人)和对照组9人(男7人;女2人)进行外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换率(SCE)检测,并结合个体尿镉浓度做相关分析。结果表明,两组人群的SCE频率无显著性差异,SCE频率与尿镉浓度之间无明显相关性。     

mmc诱导绒毛细胞和淋巴细胞SCE的对比研究

用不同剂量的mmc分别诱导孕早期孕妇绒毛细炮和淋巴细胞SCE,发现除16ng对比组外,二 类细胞相同处理组间的mmc诱发的SCE无显著性差异。同时发现mmc剂量与二类细胞SCE频 率所形成的二条回归直线的斜率无显著性差异。这些结果表明在一定毒性剂量范围内,二类细胞SCE 对mmc的反应敏感性可能是相似的。对油胞PRI的分析结果提示,细胞PRI的改变会对其SCE 频率产生影响。     

平阳霉素三种成份对CHO细胞染色体畸变和SCE的影响

本文是继证实抗肿瘤药物平阳霉素(PYM) 不仅能诱发高等植物染色体畸变［+j,而且也诱 发哺乳动物染色体畸变,并提高其姊妹染色单 体交换（SCE）频率f21的研究之后,再次通过染 色体畸变和SCE测试体系,进一步探讨了PYM 三种成份A A,和人对CHO-K 1细胞染色体 畸变和SCE率的影响。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.