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Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are important sources for plant secondary metabolites, which are important for human
healthcare. Improvement of the yield and quality of these natural plant products through conventional breeding is still a
challenge. However, recent advances in plant genomics research has generated knowledge leading to a better understanding of
the complex genetics and biochemistry involved in biosynthesis of these plant secondary metabolites. This genomics research
also concerned identification and isolation of genes involved in different steps of a number of metabolic pathways. Progress
has also been made in the development of functional genomics resources (EST databases and micro-arrays) in several medicinal
plant species, which offer new opportunities for improvement of genotypes using perfect markers or genetic transformation.
This review article presents an overview of the recent developments and future possibilities in genetics and genomics of MAP
species including use of transgenic approach for their improvement. 相似文献
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) is among the most iconic and economically important fish species and was the first member of Salmonidae to have a high‐quality reference genome assembly published. Advances in genomics have become increasingly central to the genetic improvement of farmed Atlantic salmon as well as conservation of wild salmon stocks. The salmon genome has also been pivotal in shaping our understanding of the evolutionary and functional consequences arising from an ancestral whole‐genome duplication event characterising all Salmonidae members. Here, we provide a review of the current status of Atlantic salmon genetics and genomics, focussed on progress made from genome‐wide research aimed at improving aquaculture production and enhancing understanding of salmonid ecology, physiology and evolution. We present our views on the future direction of salmon genomics, including the role of emerging technologies (e.g. genome editing) in elucidating genetic features that underpin functional variation in traits of commercial and evolutionary importance. 相似文献
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Javaria Ashraf Dongyun Zuo Qiaolian Wang Waqas Malik Youping Zhang Muhammad Ali Abid Hailiang Cheng Qiuhong Yang Guoli Song 《Plant biotechnology journal》2018,16(3):699-713
Functional genomics has transformed from futuristic concept to well‐established scientific discipline during the last decade. Cotton functional genomics promise to enhance the understanding of fundamental plant biology to systematically exploit genetic resources for the improvement of cotton fibre quality and yield, as well as utilization of genetic information for germplasm improvement. However, determining the cotton gene functions is a much more challenging task, which has not progressed at a rapid pace. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the recent tools and resources available with the major advances in cotton functional genomics to develop elite cotton genotypes. This effort ultimately helps to filter a subset of genes that can be used to assemble a final list of candidate genes that could be employed in future novel cotton breeding programme. We argue that next stage of cotton functional genomics requires the draft genomes refinement, re‐sequencing broad diversity panels with the development of high‐throughput functional genomics tools and integrating multidisciplinary approaches in upcoming cotton improvement programmes. 相似文献
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Soybean(Glycine max) is a major source of plant protein and oil.Soybean breeding has benefited from advances in functional genomics.In particular,the release of soybean reference genomes has advanced our understanding of soybean adaptation to soil nutrient deficiencies,the molecular mechanism of symbiotic nitrogen(N) fixation,biotic and abiotic stress tolerance,and the roles of flowering time in regional adaptation,plant architecture,and seed yield and quality.Nevertheless,many challenges remain... 相似文献
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Applying modelling experiences from the past to shape crop systems biology: the need to converge crop physiology and functional genomics 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Functional genomics has been driven greatly by emerging experimental technologies. Its development as a scientific discipline will be enhanced by systems biology, which generates novel, quantitative hypotheses via modelling. However, in order to better assist crop improvement, the impact of developing functional genomics needs to be assessed at the crop level, given a projected diminishing effect of genetic alteration on phenotypes from the molecule to crop levels. This review illustrates a recently proposed research field, crop systems biology, which is located at the crossroads of crop physiology and functional genomics, and intends to promote communications between the two. Past experiences with modelling whole-crop physiology indicate that the layered structure of biological systems should be taken into account. Moreover, modelling not only plays a role in data synthesis and quantitative prediction, but certainly also in heuristics and system design. These roles of modelling can be applied to crop systems biology to enhance its contribution to our understanding of complex crop phenotypes and subsequently to crop improvement. The success of crop systems biology needs commitments from scientists along the entire knowledge chain of plant biology, from molecule or gene to crop and agro-ecosystem. 相似文献
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Forest biotechnology: Innovative methods, emerging opportunities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Narender S. Nehra Michael R. Becwar William H. Rottmann Leslie Pearson Kamal Chowdhury Shujun Chang H. Dayton Wilde Robert J. Kodrzycki Chunsheng Zhang Katrina C. Gause Dawn W. Parks Maud A. Hinchee 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2005,41(6):701-717
Summary The productivity of plantation forests is essential to meet the future world demand for wood and wood products in a sustainable
fashion and in a manner that preserves natural stands and biodiversity. Plantation forestry has enormously benefited from
development and implementation of improved silvicultural and forest management practices during the past century. A second
wave of improvements has been brought about by the introduction of new germplasm developed through genetics and breeding efforts
for both hardwood and conifer tree species. Coupled with the genetic gains achieved through tree breeding, the emergence of
new biotechnological approaches that span the fields of plant developmental biology, genetic transformation, and discovery
of genes associated with complex multigenic traits have added a new dimension to forest tree improvement programs. Significant
progress has been made during the past five years in the area of plant regeneration via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis
(SE) for economically important tree species. These advances have not only helped the development of efficient gene transfer
techniques, but also have opened up avenues for deployment of new high-performance clonally replicated planting stocks in
forest plantations. One of the greatest challenges today is the ability to extend this technology to the most elite germplasm,
such that it becomes an, economically feasible means for large-scale production and delivery of improved planting stock. Another
challenge will be the ability of the forestry research community to capitalize rapidly on current and future genomics-based
elucidation of the underlying mechanisms for important but complex phenotypes. Advancements in gene cloning and genomics technology
in forest trees have enabled the discovery and introduction of value-added traits for wood quality and resistance to biotic
and abiotic stresses into improved genotypes. With these technical advancements, it will be necessary for reliable regulatory
infrastructures and processes to be in place worldwide for testing and release of trees improved through biotechnology. Commercialization
of planting stocks, as new varieties generated through clonal propagation and advanced breeding programs or as transgenic
trees with high-value traits, is expected in the near future, and these trees will enhance the quality and productivity of
our plantation forests. 相似文献
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The plant cell wall is composed of multiple biopolymers, representing one of the most complex structural networks in nature. Hundreds of genes are involved in building such a natural masterpiece. However, the plant cell wall is the least understood cellular structure in plants. Due to great progress in plant functional genomics,manyachievementshavebeenmadein uncovering cell wall biosynthesis, assembly, and architecture, as well as cell wall regulation and signaling. Such information has significantly advanced our understanding of the roles of the cell wall in many biological and physiological processes and has enhanced our utilization of cell wall materials. The use of cutting-edge technologies such as single-molecule imaging,nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy has provided much insight into the plant cell wall as an intricate nanoscale network, opening up unprecedented possibilities for cell wall research. In this review,we summarize the major advances made in understanding the cell wall in this era of functional genomics, including the latest findings on the biosynthesis, construction, and functions of the cell wall. 相似文献
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Small RNAs in regulating temperature stress response in plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Due to global climate change, temperature stress has become one of the primary causes of crop losses worldwide. Much progress has been made in unraveling the complex stress response mechanisms in plants, particularly in the identification of temperature stress responsive protein‐coding genes. Recently discovered microRNAs (miRNAs) and endogenous small‐interfering RNAs (siRN As) have also been demonstrated as important players in plant temperature stress response. Using high‐throughput sequencing, many small RNAs, especially miRNAs, have been identified to be triggered by cold or heat. Subsequently, several studies have shown an important functional role for these small RNAs in cold or heat tolerance. These findings greatly broaden our understanding of endogenous small RNAs in plant stress response control. Here, we highlight new findings regarding the roles of miRNAs and siRNAs in plant temperature stress response and acclimation. We also review the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of small RNAs in temperature stress response, and explore the outlook for the use of these small RNAs in molecular breeding for improvement of temperature stress tolerance in plants. 相似文献
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作为群体遗传学一种新的表现形式,群体基因组学是将基因组概念和技术与群体遗传学理论体系相结合,通过覆盖全基因组范围内的多态位点的分布式样推测位点特异性效应和全基因组效应,从而提升人们对微进化的理解。近年来,随着第二代高通量测序技术的出现和改进,完成基因组测序的植物种类迅速增加,大规模的重测序也随之开展。与此同时,在一些尚未完成基因组测序的植物物种中,也开展了一些平行测序。这些重测序和平行测序极大地促进了群体基因组学的发展,加深了人们对相关植物种群在基因组水平上的遗传多样性、连锁不平衡水平、选择作用、群体历史及复杂性状的分子机理等群体基因组学方面的认识。本文简要介绍了群体基因组学的概念、研究方法等,重点综述了基于高通量测序的植物群体基因组学的研究动态,展望了植物群体基因组学的发展前景并讨论了存在的问题,以期为相关研究提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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林木基因组学研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
林木基因组学研究进展迅速。结构基因组学方面,已构建了近40个主要造林树种的遗传连锁图谱,在不同树种中定位了30余个重要的数量性状位点,在部分树种中开展了基因组比较和综合图谱构建研究,杨树的全基因组测序已经完成,桉树的全基因组测序正在进行。功能基因组学方面,已分析了主要造林树种多种组织的转录组EST序列,对林木次生生长与木材形成、开花和抗寒性的形成等过程开展了功能基因组学研究。另外,探讨了林木基因组学研究的发展趋势,以期为我国林木基因组学研究提供有益的参考。 相似文献
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小麦的比较基因组学和功能基因组学 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
小麦是异源多倍体植物,具有大的染色体组,并且基因组中重复序列所占比例较高,这些特征限制了小麦基因组研究的进展。比较基因组学方法为运用模式植物进行小麦基因组学研究提供了一个操作平台。功能基因组学的研究集中于基因组中转录表达的部分,基因功能的确定是功能基因组学研究的主要内容。对比较基因组学在小麦基因组研究中的应用和小麦功能基因组学的研究内容和方法进行了综述。 相似文献