转柽柳晚期胚胎富集蛋白基因烟草T1代的耐盐性评价

目的:验证转柽柳晚期胚胎富集(LEA)蛋白基因烟草T1代的耐盐性。方法:采用盐胁迫方式,对转柽柳LEA蛋白基因烟草T1代的6个株系及非转基因对照烟草T1代进行不同浓度NaCl胁迫处理,分析了NaCl胁迫下转基因烟草的生长量、根系的发育及盐害程度。结果:各转基因烟草T1代组培苗在150mmol/L的NaCl培养基上根系生长良好,平均增重(鲜重)是非转基因对照的7.72倍,平均高生长是非转基因对照的3.51倍,盐害指数低于或等于50%;而非转基因对照烟草T1代组培苗生长缓慢,根系几乎不能生长发育,盐害指数达65%。结论:柽柳LEA蛋白基因的导入提高了T1代烟草的耐盐性。     

转柽柳eIF1A基因烟草的耐盐性分析

目的:验证柽柳eIF1A基因的功能,为通过基因工程手段培育耐盐植物提供基础资料。方法:对转eIF1A基因的烟草和对照烟草进行不同浓度NaCl胁迫实验,测定其相对电导率、SOD活性和丙二醛含量,统计生根率、生长量和盐害程度。结果:转基因烟草的相对电导率、丙二醛含量均随盐浓度的增加而增大,但都较非转基因对照烟草低。SOD活性随着盐浓度的升高而升高,相同浓度NaCl胁迫下各转基因烟草的SOD活性均高于对照烟草的SOD活性。NaCl浓度为240mmol/L时,非转基因对照烟草不能生根,盐害指数高达67.7%;而转基因烟草均能生根,大部分转基因株系的生根率大于50%。结论:柽柳eIF1A基因的转化提高了烟草的耐盐性。     

转柽柳晚期胚胎富集蛋白基因烟草的耐低温性分析

目的:验证转柽柳晚期胚胎富集蛋白(LEA蛋白)基因烟草对低温的忍耐程度。方法:采用低温方式,对转LEA蛋白基因烟草的11个株系及非转基因对照烟草组培苗和大棚盆栽苗进行胁迫处理,测定其相对电导率和丙二醛含量。结果:烟草组培苗在非胁迫条件下,转基因和非转基因对照烟草的相对电导率、丙二醛含量无显著差异;在0℃胁迫条件下,非转基因对照烟草的相对电导率和丙二醛含量均明显高于转基因烟草。大棚盆栽烟草在-4℃条件下,各转基因烟草的相对电导率、丙二醛含量与0℃胁迫时均变化不大;但非转基因对照烟草相对电导率高于0℃胁迫的25.2%,丙二醛含量高于0℃胁迫的59.29%。结论:柽柳LEA蛋白基因的导入提高了烟草的耐低温能力。     

转金属硫蛋白基因(MT_1)烟草耐NaCl胁迫能力

为明确柽柳(Tamarix sp.)金属硫蛋白(MT1)基因过量表达对提高植物耐NaCl能力的作用,对转MT1因烟草进行分子检测和生理特性分析,结果表明具有卡那霉素抗性的转基因植株经RT-PCR Southern杂交均表现为阳性,说明外源MT1基因已整合到烟草基因组,并且得到了表达。金属硫蛋白基因的过量表达提高了转基因烟草植株的耐NaCl能力,表现为在含有150mmol/L和300mmol/L NaCl的MS培养基上,转基因植株的株高和鲜重均明显优于非转基因株系;在生理性状上表现为转基因植株丙二醛(MDA)含量明显低于非转基因株系,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性比非转基因株系明显增加。     

大叶补血草LgNHX1基因对烟草的遗传转化及耐盐性分析

目的:通过农杆菌介导法将大叶补血草液泡膜Na+/H-逆向转运蛋白基因LgNHX1转化烟草,并对转化烟草的耐盐性进行分析.方法:采用叶盘法进行遗传转化,对得到的转化植株经PCR和RT-PCR鉴定后,用不同浓度的NaCl溶液胁迫,分别测定了它们的丙二醛含量、相对电导率及根和叶中的K+和Na+含量.结果:在200～300mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,转基因植株叶片的丙二醛含量分别为2.85nmol/g FW、3.50nmol/g FW,对照为3.25nmol/g FW、4.39nmol/g FW;转基因植株叶片的相对电导率分别为42.22%、74.10%,对照为53.2%、84.33%;在300mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,转基因植株根和叶中的K+/Na+比分别为5.80和3.10,对照为4.32和2.35.结论:在NaCl胁迫下,转基因烟草的耐盐性有了一定程度的提高.     

转甜瓜CmSAMDC基因拟南芥的获得及其耐盐性研究

该研究以哥伦比亚生态型野生拟南芥为材料,将甜瓜CmSAMDC基因构建到植物双元表达载体pCAMBIA1304上,采用农杆菌介导法转入拟南芥,在含有50mg/L潮霉素(Hyg)MS固体培养基上筛选转基因后代,并利用T3代转基因幼苗进行耐盐性分析。结果显示:(1)成功构建了植物超表达载体35S∷CmSAMDC,并经农杆菌介导法转化拟南芥,潮霉素抗性筛选后获得了转CmSAMDC基因拟南芥T3代植株。(2)转CmSAMDC基因拟南芥T3代幼苗在含100、150、200mmol/L NaCl培养基中,侧根长势比野生型植株更为健壮;在200mmol/L NaCl浇灌处理后,转CmSAMDC基因T3代植株仍能维持正常生长,而野生型植株的生长明显受到抑制;在400mmol/L NaCl浇灌处理后16d,野生型植株逐渐死亡,而转基因植株仍能继续存活;对盐胁迫后植株的脂质过氧化程度(MDA)测定显示,野生型植株MDA水平较转基因植株上升更为明显。研究表明,过表达甜瓜CmSAMDC基因增强了转基因拟南芥的耐盐性。     

柽柳组培苗抗氧化酶及渗透调节物质对NaCl胁迫的响应

以柽柳种子为材料,利用组培方法建立其无菌离体培养体系而获得组培苗。向培养基(MS+1.0 mg/L6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA)中添加不同浓度NaCl(0、50、80、100、120、150和200mmol/L)建立胁迫条件,测定各浓度NaCl胁迫下柽柳组培苗抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量、质膜透性及超氧阴离子(O-·2)生成速率等的变化,探讨柽柳组培苗应对NaCl胁迫的生理机制。结果显示:(1)随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增加,柽柳组培苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性表现出先增加后降低的趋势,并均在100mmol/L NaCl的胁迫下达到最大值,而抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性则表现出逐渐下降的趋势;(2)随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增加,组培苗体内有机渗透调节物质游离脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性蛋白(Pr)和可溶性糖的含量逐渐升高且显著高于同期对照,在200mmol/L浓度下分别比对照显著增加53.77%、47.38%和67.65%;(3)组培苗过氧化氢(H2O2)、超氧阴离子(O-·2)生成速率、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及细胞质膜透性也随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增加均表现出逐渐增加的趋势且显著高于同期对照,在200mmol/L浓度下分别比对照显著增加36.42%、58.71%、82.60%和42.54%。研究表明,柽柳组培苗抗氧化酶系统在低浓度NaCl(≤100mmol/L)胁迫下表现出良好的活性氧清除活性,而其体内渗透调节物质在各浓度胁迫下均发挥着积极的调节作用,从而使柽柳表现出较强的耐盐性。     

转HAL1基因番茄的耐盐性

利用农杆菌介导的叶盘法,把HAL1 基因转入番茄,Southern杂交检测得到转基因植株.耐盐实验表明, T1代转基因番茄在150 mmol/L的NaCl胁迫下仍有43%的发芽率,200 mmol/L的NaCl胁迫下发芽率为6%,而对照种子在100和150 mmol/L的NaCl胁迫下发芽率分别为11.0%和0.转基因番茄的电解质相对外渗率小于对照,而根冠比和叶绿素含量大于对照,转HAL1基因显著提高了番茄的耐盐性.盐胁迫下Na 、K 的累积状况表明,转基因番茄根、茎、叶的K /Na 均有所提高,根系的SK/Na增大,茎、叶的RSK/Na和RLK/Na减小,说明根系对K /Na 离子的选择吸收和运输能力加强.不但选择吸收K /Na ,而且表现出整株水平上的有利于耐盐的K /Na 区域化分配.     

转油菜素内酯合成基因DET2烟草对NaCI胁迫的反应

通过农杆菌介导法,将含有油菜素内酯合成基因DET2的植物表达栽体pCAMBIA2301-DET2转入烟草,获得转基因烟草植株.用T1代转基因阳性株进行耐NaCl试验,结果显示,NaCl胁迫下转基因烟草、非转基因对照烟草的出苗率、幼苗鲜重、株高及根长均随NaCl浓度增加而下降.但在相同NaCl浓度下,转基因植株鲜重、株高及根长均明显高于非转基因对照烟草,并且转基因植株的丙二醛( MDA)含量低于非转基因植株,诱导蛋白基因P5CS表达高峰出现时间晚于非转基因植株.说明DET2的表达提高了烟草的耐NaCl能力.     

NaCl胁迫下激素对柽柳种子萌发的影响

本研究以刚毛柽柳种子为材料,对0 mmol/L(对照)、50 mmol/L、100 mmol/L、150 mmol/L、200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下柽柳种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数进行计算,结果表明:对照组的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数分别为97.00%、41.56%与28.25%,100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下的发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数分别为54.00%、24.25%和18.50%,接近对照组的50%,因此设定100 mmol/L NaCl浓度为柽柳种子萌发的盐阈值。在100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,研究不同浓度梯度的细胞分裂素(6-benzylaminopurine,6-BA)、赤霉素(gibberellic acid,GA3)、褪黑素(melatonine,MT)、萘乙酸(1-naphthylacetic acid,NAA)对柽柳种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数的影响。结果表明,NaCl胁迫下,浓度为10 mg/L的6-BA和100 ng/L的GA3对柽柳种子萌发的抑制的缓解效应较明显,发芽率分别达到81.50%和94.50%;浓度为32μg/L的NAA与400 mmol/L的MT对柽柳种子萌发的抑制的加剧效应较明显,发芽率分别为42.50%和41.50%。本研究为提高NaCl胁迫下柽柳种子的萌发繁殖提供实际指导,也为盐胁迫下利用激素对柽柳种子萌发的控制与缓解提供了借鉴与参考。     

Antiporter Gene from Hordum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link and Its Overexpression in Transgenic Tobaccos

A vacuolar Na /H antiporter cDNA gene was successfully isolated from Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. The gene was named HbNHX1 and was found to consist of 1 916 bp encoding a predicted polypeptide of 540 amino acids with a conserved amiloride-binding domain. Phylogenetic tree analysis of the Na /H antiporters showed that the HbNHX1gene shares 55.3%-74.8% similarity with the vacuolar-type Na /H antiporters. Transgenic tobaccos that contain the HbNHX1 gene, integrated by forward insertion into the tobacco genome, were obtained via Agrobacterium tumerfaciens and characterized for the determination of the concentration of Na and K ions, as well as proline, in the presence of 300 mmol/L NaCl. The T1 transgenic plants showed more tolerance to salt and drought than did wild-type plants. Our data suggest that overexpression of the HbNHX1 gene could improve the tolerance of transgenic tobaccos to salt and drought through the function of the vacuolar Na /H antiporter.     

异源表达CkLEA1基因增强了拟南芥对非生物胁迫的耐受性

植物在生长过程中会受到各种非生物胁迫的伤害,导致生长发育和产量受到严重影响,胚胎晚期丰富蛋白（late embryogenesis abundant proteins,LEA蛋白）在植物抵抗非生物胁迫过程中起着重要的保护作用。在前期的研究基础上,将受多种胁迫诱导的柠条锦鸡儿CkLEA1（GenBank登录号KC309408）基因转入野生型拟南芥,通过实时荧光定量PCR从7株T₃代纯合体中筛选出3个转基因株系做进一步研究。种子萌发率实验发现,在200 mmol/L NaCl和400 mmol/L甘露醇处理下,转基因株系萌发率均高于野生型拟南芥。干旱处理2周大的幼苗后,转基因株系明显比野生型更抗旱,存活率高于野生型,并且失水率低于野生型。同时,转基因株系积累了较少的丙二醛（MDA）,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量也高于野生型。这些结果表明,柠条锦鸡儿CkLEA1基因在种子萌发阶段提高了拟南芥对盐和渗透胁迫的耐受性,并且提高了转基因拟南芥幼苗生长阶段对干旱胁迫的抵抗能力。     

转铜/锌超氧化物歧化酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因马铃薯的耐氧化和耐盐性研究

高盐等逆境可以加剧植物体内活性氧的产生,进而引起植物细胞死亡。为开发抗逆境作物,以置于氧化诱导型启动子下定位于叶绿体的转铜/锌超氧化物歧化酶（Cu/ZnSOD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因(APX)马铃薯为材料,研究了其对MV和 NaCl所引起的氧化胁迫的耐受性。结果表明, MV胁迫下,转基因马铃薯叶片膜的相对电导率明显低于对照; NaCl胁迫下,其叶绿素含量高于对照。 在含NaCl 的培养基上,转基因幼苗生根率明显大于对照。另外,NaCl胁迫下转基因马铃薯叶片的SOD和APX酶活性显著高于对照,与其耐盐性的提高相一致。这些研究表明,转入Cu/ZnSOD和APX基因的马铃薯清除活性氧的能力增强,抗逆性得到提高。本实验采用氧化诱导型启动子调控下的SOD和APX两个基因协同作用,使外源基因只有在逆境胁迫时才特异性表达,增强转基因植株的抗逆效果,为培育抗逆经济作物开阔了思路。     

Antiporter Gene from Hordum brevisubulatum （Trin.） Link and Its Overexpression in Transgenic Tobaccos

A vacuolar Na^ /H^ antiporter cDNA gene was successfully isolated fromHordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link using the rapid amplification ofcDNA ends (RACE) method. The gene was named HbNHXI and was found to consist of 1 916 bp encoding a predicted polypeptide of 540 amino acids with a conserved amiloride-binding domain. Phylogenetic tree analysis of the Na^ /H^ antiporters showed that the HbNHXI gene shares 55.3%-74.8% similarity with the vacuolar-type Na^ /H^ antiporters. Transgenic tobaccos that contain the HbNHXI gene, integrated by forward insertion into the tobacco genome, were obtained via Agrobacterium tumerfaciens and characterized for the determination of the concentration of Na^ and K^ ions, as well as proline, in the presence of 300 mmol/L NaCl. The T1 transgenic plants showed more tolerance to salt and drought than did wild-type plants. Our data suggest that overexpression of the HbNHXI gene could improve the tolerance of transgenic tobaccos to salt and drought through the function of the vacuolar Na^ /H^ antiporter.     

小麦耐逆基因-TaLEA2转化拟南芥的研究

研究小麦第3组LEA基因中T aLEA2对耐旱和耐盐性能的影响.将小麦第3组LEA基因T aLEA2连接在双元表达载体pB I121 C aM V 35S启动子下游,构建了能在植物中高效表达的载体pB I121-T aLEA2.通过农杆菌介导的真空渗透法,将其转入野生拟南芥中,经抗性筛选及PCR验证,获得T0代转基因植株,并用不同浓度的PEG 4000和N aC l对转基因拟南芥的耐逆性进行检测.结果表明,这些转基因植株可明显改进拟南芥在10%PEG及0.8%N aC l培养基上的生长状态.在实验条件下,转基因拟南芥的耐旱性及耐盐性均有所提高,提示T aLEA2基因在植物水分调节方面有重要作用.     

Salt stress alleviation in transgenic Vigna mungo L. Hepper (blackgram) by overexpression of the glyoxalase I gene using a novel Cestrum yellow leaf curling virus (CmYLCV) promoter

A reproducible and efficient transformation system utilizing the nodal regions of embryonal axis of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) has been established via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This is a report of genetic transformation of Vigna mungo for value addition of an agronomic trait, wherein the gene of interest, the glyoxalase I driven by a novel constitutive Cestrum yellow leaf curling viral promoter has been transferred for alleviating salt stress. The overexpression of this gene under the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter had earlier been shown to impart salt, heavy metal and drought stress tolerance in the model plant, tobacco. Molecular analyses of four independent transgenic lines performed by PCR, Southern and western blot revealed the stable integration of the transgene in the progeny. The transformation frequency was ca. 2.25% and the time required for the generation of transgenic plants was 10–11 weeks. Exposure of T1 transgenic plants as well as untransformed control plants to salt stress (100 mM NaCl) revealed that the transgenic plants survived under salt stress and set seed whereas the untransformed control plants failed to survive. The higher level of Glyoxalase I activity in transgenic lines was directly correlated with their ability to withstand salt stress. To the best of our knowledge this is the only report of engineering abiotic stress tolerance in blackgram. Prasanna Bhomkar, Chandrama P. Upadhyay are contributed equally. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Overexpression of SeNHX1 improves both salt tolerance and disease resistance in tobacco

Recently, we found NHX1, the gene encoding a Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger, participated in plant disease defense. Although NHX1 has been confirmed to be involved in plant salt tolerance, whether the NHX1 transgenic plants exhibit both salt tolerance and disease resistance has not been investigated. The T1 progenies of Nicotiana tabacum L. lines expressing SeNHX1 (from Salicornia europaea) were generated for the present study. Compared with PBI-type control plants, SeNHX1 transgenic tobaccos exhibited more biomass, longer root length, and higher K⁺/Na⁺ ratio at post germination or seedling stage under NaCl treatment, indicating enhanced salt tolerance. The vacuolar H⁺ efflux in SeNHX1 transgenic tobacco was increased after treatment of NaCl with different concentration. Meanwhile, the SeNHX1 transgenic tobaccos showed smaller wilted spot area, less H₂O₂ accumulation in leaves after infection of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. Further investigation demonstrated a larger NAD(P)(H) pool in SeNHX1 transgenic tobacco. These evidences revealed that overexpression of SeNHX1 intensified the compartmentation of Na⁺ into vacuole under salt stress and improved the ability of eliminating ROS after pathogen attack, which then enhanced salt tolerance and disease resistance simultaneously in tobacco. Our findings indicate NHX1 has potential value in creating crops with both improved salt tolerance and disease resistance.