药用植物刺山柑愈伤组织诱导及细胞生长代谢特征研究

本文研究了不同外植体及激素对刺山柑愈伤组织诱导的影响,不同激素配比对愈伤组织增殖培养以及悬浮细胞的生长与代谢特征。结果表明:以刺山柑叶片作为诱导愈伤组织的材料,效果较佳;愈伤组织诱导和继代的适宜培养条件是分别是MS 0.5mg/L 2,4-D 1.0mg/L6-BA和MS 1.0mg/L2,4-D 1.5mg/L6-BA。刺山柑悬浮培养细胞的生长周期为30天左右,细胞生长曲线呈"S"形,生物量增长2.8倍左右;细胞生长周期内,碳源消耗规律表现为蔗糖和可溶性总糖的浓度持续降低,而还原糖则表现为先升高后降低;过氧化物酶活测定显示酶活水平与蔗糖浓度的高低呈一定程度的正相关。     

茅苍术愈伤组织诱导及其细胞悬浮培养研究

采用正交试验法研究了不同的植物生长调节剂对茅苍术叶柄、叶片和根茎愈伤组织诱导的影响,结果表明,不同外植体在各自的最佳培养条件下,叶柄、叶片和根茎愈伤组织的诱导率分别为99.0%、83.5%和71.5%,以叶柄的培养效果最好,其中2,4-D对茅苍术愈伤组织的诱导具有极显著的效果,在各种植物生长调节剂组合中,诱导叶柄愈伤组织形成的最佳组合为0.4mg·L-1NAA、4.0mg·L-12,4-D和0.4mg·L-1KT,培养20d左右,诱导率达到99.0%。此外,将茅苍术叶柄细胞悬浮培养至18d时,细胞量、多糖和苍术素的含量均达到最大值,分别为9.07g·L-1、15.68mg·L-1和19.62ug·L-1。     

濒危植物珙桐愈伤组织的诱导及悬浮细胞培养初探

以珙桐（Davidia involucrate）无菌苗的下胚轴为外植体,以LSD分析和正交设计与分析为主要研究方法。诱导和筛选愈伤组织,进行悬浮培养,初步建立了珙桐悬浮培养体系,并对珙桐悬浮培养中生物量和pH值的变化进行了初步研究。结果表明：KT和2,4-D的组合诱导出的愈伤组织更适合进行细胞悬浮培养,最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为WPM＋KT 1.0 mg/L＋2,4-D 0.5 mg/L＋Vc 1.0 mg/L;悬浮细胞培养中,接种量和Ca2＋浓度是影响生物量的主要因素,最佳接种量为25 g/L,最佳Ca2＋浓度为标准WPM培养基中Ca2＋浓度的2倍;黑暗条件下,珙桐悬浮培养生物量变化曲线呈＂S＂型,在21 d时可获得最大生物量;pH值的变化与生物量的变化有一定的相关性。     

诺丽茎段愈伤组织诱导优化及细胞悬浮系的建立

为获取诺丽茎段中的次生代谢物并为建立遗传转化体系奠定基础,以诺丽茎段(无腋芽)为外植体诱导愈伤组织,并建立细胞悬浮系,对影响愈伤组织的诱导及细胞悬浮系的因子进行了研究。结果表明:愈伤组织诱导的最优培养基是MS+1.0mg/L6-BA+0.1mg/L2,4-D;悬浮培养的最佳培养基为MS+1.0mg/L6-BA+0.1mg/L2,4-D+3%蔗糖,pH为5.85,当初始接种量为37.5g/L、摇床转速为110r/min且(25±2)℃暗培养时,悬浮细胞生长良好,生长速率最大;诺丽茎段悬浮细胞生长曲线呈"S"型,最适继代周期为12–20 d;培养过程中,培养基的pH呈先下降后缓慢升高的变化趋势,诺丽茎段愈伤组织悬浮细胞培养的最适pH在4.5–5.0之间。文中成功建立了以诺丽茎段为外植体的稳定的细胞悬浮系。     

药用植物人参愈伤组织的诱导培养与悬浮细胞体系建立

人参(Panax ginseng C.A Meyer)是五加科人参属植物,其主要药效活性成分为人参皂苷,具有广泛的药理作用。为建立人参愈伤组织诱导培养体系,以探索实现工程化细胞大规模生产人参皂苷的有效途径。本研究以人参根切片作为外植体,成功诱导出质地松疏、生长迅速、易于分散、启动较早的淡黄色透明状的愈伤组织,建立了适合于长期继代培养的人参细胞系,为深入开展人参干细胞分化及人参皂苷生物合成分子调控研究提供了理想的模型与基础。     

毛白杨愈伤组织悬浮细胞耐盐性研究

把生长在全盐含量为 0 .361%的土壤中的毛白杨 ( Populus tomentosa Carr.)愈伤组织悬浮细胞培养在含不同浓度 Na Cl的液体培养基中 ,定期测量各组的细胞密度 ,根据生长曲线研究其耐盐性。结果显示 ,与不加 Na Cl的液体培养基相比 ,生长于含较低浓度 Na Cl( 2 .7‰和 5.5‰ )液体培养基中的细胞生长较好 ,而在含较高浓度 Na Cl( 8.2‰和 10 .9‰ )的液体培养基中 ,细胞生长受到较强抑制。     

药用植物佛甲草愈伤组织的诱导和培养

目的：佛甲草（Sedum lineare Thunb）是景天科植物中具有多种药用功能的植物,其肉质多浆的特点是愈伤组织成功诱导和培养的瓶颈。方法：以佛甲草的叶和茎为外植体,用正交试验对培养基中的激素浓度（2,4-D、6-BA和Kt）进行配置,在配置的18种培养基中筛选到适合佛甲草叶和茎愈伤组织诱导和继代的培养基配方。结果：MS＋3%蔗糖＋2,4-D2＋Kt1和MS＋3%蔗糖＋2,4-D2＋6-BA1培养基对茎和叶愈伤组织的诱导率分别达到70%和80%左右,而MS＋3%蔗糖＋2,4-D2＋6-BA1更有利于佛甲草愈伤组织的继代培养。结论：在愈伤组织培养中,佛甲草的茎和叶都可以作为优良的外植体进行愈伤组织的诱导和培养。实验结果为进一步通过组织培养手段提高佛甲草的药效成分提供了有益参考。     

云南红豆杉愈伤组织诱导和组织培养

云南红豆杉愈伤组织的诱导频率为Ｗｈｉｔｅ〉ＭＳ〉Ｂ５,其中最高达８０％,叶片和种子之间差异不大,但不同时期的叶片差异较大,以嫩叶诱导为佳,激素配比以２,４－Ｄ２．０－３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＢＡＰ０．５－１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ为宜,在继代培养阶段,Ｂ５比Ｗｈｉｔｅ和ＭＳ更适合细胞的快速生长、繁殖,并且有利于克服组织的褐化,适合于细胞生长的激素配比也以２,４－Ｄ２．０－３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＢＡＰ０．５－１．０ｍｇ／Ｌｏ     

青藏高原地区刺山柑解剖特征研究

采用石蜡切片法对分布于海拔4 000 m的西藏札达的刺山柑解剖结构进行研究,进一步探讨青藏高原植物独特生理结构及其与环境的适应性。结果表明刺山柑具有适应高山荒漠草原环境的典型结构特征: 次生根周皮发达,具有较厚的木栓层和发达的次生木质部;茎具表皮毛和角质层,皮层较厚,厚角组织发达,髓较小;叶具角质层,气孔密集,栅栏组织多层,为双栅型等面叶;花冠较大,白色花瓣,适于虫媒传粉;侧膜胎座,子房多室,胚珠多数,花粉外壁较厚,具较强的抗腐蚀及抗酸碱性能。刺山柑形成上述结构特征是青藏高原特殊综合生态环境长期作用的结果。同时也是刺山柑对高原环境的高度适应。     

刺山柑化学成分研究

采用硅胶、聚酰胺和Sephadex LH-20等色谱方法从维吾尔药刺山柑中分离得到11个化学成分,通过理化手段及波谱技术分别鉴定为正二十八烷(1)、β-胡萝卜苷(2)、正二十八烷醇(3)、正三十二烷酸(4)、正十六烷酸(5)、琥珀酸(6)、原儿茶酸(7)4、-羟基-5-甲基呋喃-3-羧酸(8)、山萘酚3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷(9)、芦丁(10)和水苏碱(11)。其中化合物13、和4为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

Adaptive significances of sexual system in andromonoecious Capparis spinosa (Capparaceae)

The sexual system of the perennial shrub Capparis spinosa L. (Capparaceae), which is distributed in arid deserts of northern Xinjiang, was investigated. The main results can be summarized as follows. (1) The species is andromonoecious, i.e. individuals possess both male and perfect flowers. Stamens of two floral morphs are normal and can be divided into long and short ones in each flower. The perfect flowers have well developed pistils, but male flowers have aborted pistils and only function as males. (2) There were very significant differ-ences among the populations in daily ratio of the two floral morphs, number of long and short stamens of perfect flowers and length of filaments and anthers of short stamens in male flowers (P<0.01), but no significant differ-ences occurred in biomass of floral organ (P>0.05). (3) Anthesis was nocturnal and lasted 15–16 h. Both male and perfect flowers opened about 18:00 at dusk. The number of two floral morphs produced on each individual was indeterminate every day during flowering, which would make the individual temporally androdioecious. However, the total number of male flowers was more than that of perfect flowers within the population every day. (4) The P/O ratios of perfect flowers in three populations were 1.57×104, 1.65×104 and 1.71×104. There was no significant difference in pollen numbers (P>0.05) within population between male and perfect flowers or between long and short stamens, and also no significant difference among the populations in pollen numbers of male and perfect flowers, and in ovule numbers and P/O ratios of perfect flowers (P>0.05). (5) Dynamic curves of pollen viability of long and short stamens in the two floral morphs were similar in three populations. Pollen longevity of both long and short stamens was about 18–20 h, and duration of stigmatic receptivity was about 16–18 h. (6) Floral visitors were hymenopterous and lepidopterous insects. There was a total of seven species of floral visitors in the three populations. The activities of them were greatly affected by the climate of the desert environment. (7) Perfect flowers were not apomictic and could produce fruits after self-pollination (autogamy and geitonogamy) and cross-pollination; thus they had a mixed mating system. These results suggest that the sexual system of andro-monoecy may reflect an environment-heredity interaction in C. spinosa. The male flowers increase the number of pollen grains, the P/O ratio and enhance male fitness of individuals. They also increase the floral display and consequently effect cross pollination by attracting more pollinators that bring cross-pollen to the stigmas of per-fect flowers, thus increase outcrossing rate and female fitness of individuals, which insure reproductive success of C. spinosa in the extreme desert environment.     

Phenological growth stages of caper plant (Capparis spinosa L.) according to the Biologische Bundesanstalt,Bundessortenamt and CHemical scale

Capparis spinosa is an evergreen perennial shrub known from ancient times. During the last years it has been intensively studied because of its multiple uses. The phenological growth stages of caper plant were described using the BBCH scale (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and CHemical industry). The decimal code established nine principal growth stages using a two‐digit numerical system, and every major stage was in turn subdivided into secondary growth stages.     

朱砂根愈伤组织培养及悬浮细胞系建立

以朱砂根(Ardisia crenata Sims.)无菌苗的茎段、叶片、胚轴和胚根为外植体进行愈伤组织诱导研究。结果表明:胚根在含有2,4-D的培养基中的诱导率最高,在添加5 mg L-1 AgNO3的MS+2,4-D 0.5 mg L-1+KT 0.01 mg L-1培养基中继代培养的增殖系数高达8倍以上。培养中获得了5种类型的愈伤组织(I-白色湿软状、Ⅱ-白色冰砂状、Ⅲ-淡黄色颗粒状、Ⅳ-黄绿色块状和V-绿色块状),其中Ⅱ和Ⅲ型愈伤组织可以成功建立悬浮细胞系,用M S+2,4-D 0.5 mg L-1+KT 0.01 mg L-1培养基进行固-液轮回培养,可以较好地保持悬浮细胞系。     

Intraspecific variation and evolutionary trends in Capparis spinosa L. (Capparaceae)

 In order to investigate the variability of the polymorphic Capparis spinosa L., a comparative study was carried out in Sicily on subsp. spinosa and subsp. rupestris. Autecology, phenology, quantitative morphology, plant architecture and leaf development of several populations were examined. These data reveal a parapatric distribution of the two subspecies and support their present taxonomic treatment. Subsp. spinosa is widespread on clay soils and shows remarkable intrapopulational variation. It is characterized by shortened reproductive and vegetative periods, high shoot growth rate, winter-desiccating shoot system and stipular thorns. Subsp. rupestris, less variable and linked with carbonatic and volcanic outcrops, shows prolonged phenological patterns, slow growth rate, woody habit and caducous stipules. A noteworthy phenotypic convergence with subsp. rupestris was observed in individuals of subsp. spinosa growing in rocky habitats. The evolutionary trends of Capparis spinosa in the Mediterranean region are discussed. Received March 29, 2000 Accepted April 6, 2001     

Isolation of Two Plasticizers,Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Terephthalate and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate,from Capparis spinosa L. Leaves

Many plants have been known to be contaminated and accumulate plasticizers from the environment, including water sources, soil, and atmosphere. Plasticizers are used to confer elasticity and flexibility to various fiber and plastic products. Consumption of plasticizers can lead to many adverse effects on human health, including reproductive and developmental toxicity, endocrine disruption, and cancer. Herein, we report for the first time that two plasticizers, bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), have been isolated from the leaves of Capparis spinosa L. (the caper bush), a plant that is widely used in food seasonings and traditional medicine. 297 mg/kg of DEHT and 48 mg/kg of DEHP were isolated from dried and grounded C. spinosa L. leaves using column chromatography and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Our study adds to the increase in the detection of plasticizers in our food and medicinal plants and to the alarming concern about their potential adverse effects on human health.     

Isolation and identification of N2-fixing microorganisms from the rhizosphere of Capparis spinosa (L.)

Four bacterial strains, Pseudomonas stutzeri var. mendocina, Comamonas sp., Agrobacterium tumefaciens biovar. 2 and Sphingobacterium sp., isolated from the rhizosphere of wild-grown caper (Capparis spinosa L.) plants were able to fix N₂ as shown by their growth in nitrogen-free medium and by the acetylene reduction test. P. stutzeri var. mendocina and Comamonas sp. contained DNA homologous to the Klebsiella pneumoniae M5a1 nifHDK genes. No hybridization was found with total DNA from either A. tumefaciens biovar. 2 or Sphingobacterium sp. using nifHDK probes from either K. pneumoniae or Rhizobium meliloti.