幽门螺杆菌疫苗的研究现状

幽门螺杆菌（ＨＨ）是慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡的主要病因,并与胃癌的发生密切相关,其相关致病因子主要包括尿素酶、细胞粘附素、过氧化氢酶、脂酶、蛋白酶、细菌毒素和能导致炎症反应的物质。ＨＰ的致病机理与ＨＰ的致病性和宿主免疫应答有关,尤以细菌的毒性占主导地位。近年来国内外均关注ＨＰ的免疫预防和治疗。由于ＨＰ减毒活疫苗的研究条件尚不成熟,目前正重点进行全菌体死疫苗、组分疫苗及基因工程疫苗的研究,ＨＰ动物模型、疫苗的免疫途径、免疫佐剂的研究已取得了令人满意的进展,ＨＰ疫苗的治疗作用更引起了人们的关注。本文对ＨＰ的致病机理、疫苗的研究进展等做一综述。     

幽门螺杆菌疫苗的研究进展

幽门螺杆菌疫苗是预防和治疗幽门螺杆菌感染引起的上消化道疾病的有效途径。而疫苗的研制是关键和基础。一种好的疫苗完全可结束人与幽门螺杆菌共存的现象。本文综述了幽门螺杆菌疫苗的研究现状及前景。     

幽门螺杆菌疫苗及动物模型的研究进展

幽门蚴杆菌（HP）于1983年被发现,是一种与慢性胃病（慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃癌等）有关的重要致病因子,目前只能采用抗菌素进行治疗,尚无有效的免疫制剂问世,其疫苗和动物模型的研究正在加紧进行中。疫苗研究方面,全菌体死疫苗似不可行,DNA疫苗效果也不理想,用基因工程方法制备活疫苗或组分菌苗可能是有效途径。另外研究发现,HP疫苗可能还具有治疗作用。动物模型研究方面,目前公认用HPSS1株建立的HP小鼠模型较为成功。     

幽门螺杆菌疫苗研究进展

幽门螺杆菌由于在人群中具有较高的感染率及被WHO确认为Ⅰ类致癌因子而受到重视,近年来对它的疫苗研究进展迅速,本文对幽门螺杆菌的全菌体疫苗,亚单位疫苗,重组减毒疫苗,微球疫苗及临床实验的情况进行了综述。     

关于幽门螺杆菌疫苗及其相关性研究的报告

幽门螺杆菌感染是慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡的主要致病因素,并且与胃癌的发生有关。本文报告了幽门螺杆菌疫苗及其相关性研究的成果,包括细菌的分离培养、毒力基因分型、抗原的纯化及单克隆抗体的研制、动物模型的建立及其基因工程株的构建等。     

幽门螺杆菌及其疫苗研究现状及前景

幽门螺杆菌与引起慢性胃炎,消化性溃疡,胃癌等密切相关,但在其预防和治疗方面有和是一步探索。本文对幽门螺杆菌疫苗研究的进展进行了综述。今后疫苗可能将有效地预防和治疗幽门螺杆菌所致胃,十二指肠疾病。     

幽门螺杆菌疫苗常用抗原的研究进展

幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)属于Ⅰ类致癌因子,是慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃癌等的首要病原菌。目前临床疗法存在诸多不足,而疫苗接种被认为是对抗大多数细菌感染的有效手段,也是当前防治H.pylori感染的研究热点,可作为抗生素疗法的补充。目前尚未研发出高效、安全的H.pylori疫苗,选择合适的抗原是研制疫苗成功的重要因素。本文总结了H.pylori疫苗研发领域经典抗原的研究进展,从分泌型毒力蛋白抗原、菌体表面抗原和胞内蛋白抗原三方面作一综述,为H.pylori感染预防的新策略提供更多依据。     

幽门螺杆菌感染的疫苗防治与展望

幽门螺杆菌感染作为慢性胃炎,消化性溃疡的最主要病因已经得到了国际医学界的认可,且已有证据表明该菌感染对人类具有致癌力。该菌在全球范围的高感染率和明确的致病毛重促使人们优先考虑依据依靠发展疫苗来进行基侨病防治。本文介绍了幽门螺杆菌感染的简要概况,幽门螺相蓖感染的疫苗防治及其相关的动物模型、免疫佐剂等问题,并对今后疫苗发展过程中应注意考虑的问题与发展前景进行了简要的展望。     

Therapeutic immunization against Helicobacter pylori infection in the absence of antibodies

Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen. Prophylactic immunization with bacterial antigen plus an adjuvant protects mice against challenge with live H. pylori. Surprisingly, it was found that immunizations of mice already infected with Helicobacter also influenced bacterial colonization. This concept of therapeutic immunization is a novel phenomenon. Because H. pylori lives in the lumen of the stomach, it was initially hypothesized that the protective mechanism would involve induction of secretory IgA. However, work with knockout mice has demonstrated that prophylactic immunization is equally effective in mice deficient in IgA and even in microMT mice lacking B lymphocytes. Currently nothing is known about therapeutic vaccination and the effect of immunizing a host with an ongoing ineffective immune response. To address this, we infected B-cell deficient, microMT mice with H. pylori and therapeutically immunized them four times in 3 weeks with bacterial sonicate and cholera toxin adjuvant. These immunizations significantly reduced colonization by H. pylori. The antibody- negative status of the microMT mice was confirmed by ELISA. Thus, therapeutic immunization stimulates an immune response, which reduces H. pylori infection via a mechanism that is antibody independent. How this is achieved remains to be determined, but may well involve a novel immune mechanism.     

Helicobacter pylori defense against oxidative attack

Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic, gram-negative pathogen of the human stomach. Despite the chronic active gastritis that develops following colonization, H. pylori is able to persist unharmed in the stomach for decades. Much of the damage caused by gastric inflammation results from the accumulation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species within the stomach environment, which can induce oxidative damage in a wide range of biological molecules. Without appropriate defenses, this oxidative damage would be able to rapidly kill nearby H. pylori, but the organism employs a range of measures, including antioxidant enzymes, biological repair systems, and inhibitors of oxidant generation, to counter the attack. Despite the variety of measures employed to defend against oxidative injury, these processes are intimately interdependent, and any deficiency within the antioxidant system is generally sufficient to cause substantial impairment of H. pylori viability and persistence. This review provides an overview of the development of oxidative stress during H. pylori gastritis and examines the methods the organism uses to survive the resultant damage.     

Progress in vaccine development against Helicobacter pylori

Based on the very high prevalence of diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori, particularly in the developing world, and the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates, there is a strong rationale for an effective vaccine against H. pylori. In this review we describe recent promising candidate vaccines and prophylactic or therapeutic immunization strategies for use against H. pylori, as well as studies to identify immune responses that are related to protection in experimental animals. We also describe identification of different types of immune responses that may be related to protection against symptoms based on comparisons of H. pylori-infected patients with duodenal ulcers or gastric cancer and asymptomatic carriers. We conclude that there is still a strong need to clarify the main protective immune mechanisms against H. pylori as well as to identify a cocktail of strong protective antigens, or recombinant bacterial strains that express such antigens, that could be administered by a regimen that gives rise to effective immune responses in humans.     

应用生物信息学方法筛选幽门螺杆菌疫苗候选抗原

目的：应用生物信息学分析方法筛选幽门螺杆菌新的疫苗候选抗原。方法：从TIGRCMR下载幽门螺杆菌26695和J99株全基因组序列,应用生物信息学SignalP、PredTMBB、LipoP、TMHMM、Phobius、PSORT-B和SubLoc等分析软件,筛选幽门螺杆菌新的外膜蛋白和分泌蛋白疫苗候选抗原。结果：从幽门螺杆菌26695株筛选得到54个编码β-桶型跨膜蛋白、脂蛋白或分泌表达蛋白的疫苗候选蛋白抗原,从幽门螺杆菌J99株得到61个呈现上述表达方式的疫苗候选蛋白抗原;且这2株细菌的疫苗候选蛋白呈现良好的交集状况,即有43个候选疫苗蛋白是相同的。结论：用生物信息学分析方法可以从全基因组范围内快速筛选到保守的分泌或表面暴露的疫苗候选抗原,为疫苗抗原的快速筛选与鉴定奠定了基础。     

Influence of oral Helicobacter pylori on the success of eradication therapy against gastric Helicobacter pylori

Background. The goal of this study was to see whether Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) in the oral cavity might adversely affect the outcome of eradication therapy for gastric H. pylori.
Materials and Methods. Forty-seven patients (36 males, 11 females) with gastric H. pylori infection were enrolled in this study. Gastric H. pylori infection was confirmed by both immunohistological staining with anti- H. pylori antibody and bacterial culture of biopsy specimens. The therapeutic regimen consisted of 30 mg/day lansoprazole, 750 mg/day metronidazole, and 400 mg/day clarithromycin administered for 2 weeks. A fragment of the H. pylori urease gene was amplified by nested PCR for DNA extracted from saliva and dental plaque from the same patients. We examined the correlation between the gastric eradication success rate and the prevalence of H. pylori in the oral cavity as determined by PCR before and after the eradication therapy.
Results. The eradication success rate was significantly lower in the oral H. pylori -positive cases (12/23, 52.1%) than in the negative cases (22/24, 91.6%) at 4 weeks after the therapy (p = .0028). Two years later, only 16 of the 23 (69.5%) oral H. pylori -positive cases were disease-free, as compared to 23 of the 24 (95.8%) oral H. pylori -negative cases (p = .018).
Conclusions. H. pylori in the oral cavity affected the outcome of eradication therapy and was associated with a recurrence of gastric infection. We recommend that oral H. pylori should be examined by nested PCR and, if positive, should be considered a causal factor in refractory or recurrent cases.     

Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Helicobacter pylori

Background. Helicobacter pylori is an important pathogen responsible for gastroduodenal diseases in humans. Although the eradication of H. pylori using antibiotics often improves gastroduodenal diseases, resistance to the antibiotics is emerging. Materials and Methods. The antimicrobial effect of essential oils and the development of resistance to the essential oils were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results. Thirteen essential oils used in this study completely inhibited the growth of H. pylori in vitro at a concentration of 0.1% (v/v). Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) and Lippia citriodora (lemon verbena) were bactericidal against H. pylori at 0.01% at pH 4.0 and 5.0. Resistance to lemongrass did not develop even after 10 sequential passages, whereas resistance to clarithromycin developed under the same conditions. In in vivo studies, the density of H. pylori in the stomach of mice treated with lemongrass was significantly reduced compared with untreated mice. Conclusions. These results demonstrate that the essential oils are bactericidal against H. pylori without the development of acquired resistance, suggesting that essential oils may have potential as new and safe agents for inclusion in anti‐H. pylori regimens.     

The bactericidal activity of tea against Helicobacter pylori

Extracts of black and green tea inhibited in-vitro growth of six clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori in an agar diffusion assay. Tea extracts killed H. pylori (10⁶ cfu ml^-1) within 5 h. Heat treatment of extracts did not affect the inhibitory or bactericidal activity.     

A Novel Design of Multi-epitope Vaccine Against Helicobacter pylori by Immunoinformatics Approach

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics - Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative spiral bacterium that caused infections in half of the world’s population and...