峨眉双蝴蝶的胚胎学研究

首次报道了峨眉双蝴蝶Ｔｒｉｐｔｅｒｏｓｐｅｒｍｕｍ ｃｏｒｄａｔｕｍ（Ｍａｒｑ．）Ｈ．Ｓｍｉｔｈ的胚胎学特征,研究结果用以讨论双蝴蝶属的系统演化关系。主要研究结果如下：花药四室;药壁发育为双子叶型;绒毡层属单型起源,细胞具单核,属腺质型绒毡层,药隔处的绒毡层细胞形成类胎座,其余部位的绒毡层细胞仍为一层细胞;在花药成熟时,花药的药室内壁纤维状如厚且柱状伸长,表皮细胞减缩退化,纤维状加厚不明显。成熟花     

黑边假龙胆的胚胎学研究

系统报道黑边假龙胆（Ｇｅｎｔｉａｎｅｌｌａａｚｕｒｅａ（Ｂｕｎｇｅ）Ｈｏｌｕｂ）的胚胎发育过程,用以讨论假龙胆属长期存在争议的分类和系统发育问题,黑边假龙胆花药４室;药壁发育属双子叶型,绒毡层单型起源,细胞单核,属腺质绒毡层,花药壁表皮层宿存,药室内壁减缩。小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体的排列为四面体型,成熟花粉３－细胞型。子房为２心皮,１室,减缩的侧膜胎座,胚珠４列,薄珠心,单珠被,横生胚     

线叶龙胆的胚胎学研究

首次报道了龙胆属华丽组的胚胎发育过程,其代表种线叶龙胆花药四室;药壁发育为双子叶型;绒毡层两型起源,细胞具双核和多核,绒毡层细胞１￣３次分裂形成“横格”和“类胎座”,原位退化,属非典型的腺质型;中层细胞两层;药室内壁纤维状加厚。小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体的排列主要为四面体形;成熟花粉为３－细胞型。子房为２心皮,１室,超侧膜胎座。胚珠１０￣１５列,腹维管束彼此靠近,并在中下部融合。薄珠心,     

湖北双蝴蝶小孢子发生及雄配子体发育(英文)

首次报道了湖北双蝴蝶小孢子发生和雄配子体发育。主要结果如下:花药四室;药壁发育为双子叶型;绒毡层异型起源,属腺质型绒毡层,药隔处的绒毡层细胞形成类胎座,其余部位的绒毡层细胞仍为一层细胞;花药成熟时,药室内壁纤维状加厚且柱状伸长,表皮细胞减缩退化,纤维状加厚不明显。小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体排列方式主要为四面体形,少数为十字交叉形;成熟花粉多为2-细胞型,偶见3-细胞型,具三萌发孔。     

川东獐牙菜小孢子发生和雄配子体形成

报道了川东獐牙菜（Swertia davidii Franch.）小孢子发生和雄配子体形成的过程。主要结果如下：花药四室,药壁发育为基本型;绒毡层异型起源,属于腺质型绒毡层,药室内具有的退化绒毡层核是早期该层细胞有丝分裂凸入药室中央并原位退化形成的;中层细胞3层;药室内壁退化;花药壁表皮宿存,细胞柱状伸长,纤维状加厚。小孢母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体排列方式主要为四面体形和左右对称型,少数为“T”形和十字交叉形;成熟花粉为2-细胞类型。     

中国阿魏属的细胞分类学研究

本文首次报道和分析了阿魏属Ｆｅｒｕｌａ Ｌ．分布区东缘３个种的染色体数目和核型。太行阿魏Ｆ．ｌｉｃｅｎｔｉａｎａ Ｈａｎｄ．－Ｗａｚｚ．的核型公式为２ｎ＝２２＝１４ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ（２ｓａｔ）,铜山阿魏Ｆ．ｌｉｃｅｎｔｉａｎａ Ｈａｎｄ．－Ｍａｚｚ．ｖａｒ．ｔｕｎｓｈａｎｉｃａ（Ｓｕ）Ｓｈａｎ ｅｔ Ｑ．Ｘ．Ｌｉｕ核型都属２Ａ型。在此基础上从染色体角度进一步论证了铜山阿魏作为太行阿魏的变种和硬阿     

喉毛花的胚胎学研究

本文首次系统地记载了喉毛花属的胚胎发育过程,并以此为依据讨论了该属的分类等级和系统位置。喉毛花花药四室;药壁发育属双子叶型;绒毡层单型起源,细胞具单核,属腺质绒毡层;一层中层细胞;花药壁表皮层宿存,纤维状加厚和膨大;药室内壁减缩。小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体的排列为四面体型;成熟花粉为3-细胞型。子房为2心皮、l室,典型的侧膜胎座,胚珠8列,胚珠胎座靠近两心皮腹缝线。薄珠心,单珠被,倒生胚珠。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成的4个大孢子呈直列式排列,其中合点端的大孢子具功能。胚囊发育为蓼型。极核在受精前融合为次生核。反足细胞宿存、分裂为8～12个,每个细胞均多核和异常膨大,反足细胞形成的吸器明显。异花传粉,珠孔受精。花粉管通过破坏一助细胞进入胚囊。受精作用属于有丝分裂前配子体融合类型。胚乳发育为核型,每核含2～3核仁。胚胎发育为茄型酸浆I变型,成熟种子胚只发育至球形胚阶段。反足细胞在合子分裂之后才开始退化,在胚的发育过程中反足细胞在胚乳层之外形成一层染色深、类似“外胚乳”的结构。比较喉毛花、龙胆属、假龙胆属以及肋柱花属的胚胎学特征表明喉毛花与假龙胆属的亲缘关系最近,在分类等级上作为一个独立的属较为合适,在系统位置上它比假龙胆属更为原始。     

中国植物区系新记录种

报道了采自新疆地区的百花丹科、龙胆科、紫草科的４ 个中国新记录种———塔尔巴哈台彩花（ Ａｃａｎｔｈｏｌｉｍｏｎｔａｒｂａｇａｔａｉｃｕｍ Ｇａｍａｊｕｎ） 、西亚龙胆（ Ｇｅｎｔｉａｎａ ｓｅｐｔｅｍｆｉｄａ Ｐａｌｌａｓ） 、早春龙胆（ Ｇ．ｖｅｒｎａ Ｌ．ｓｕｂｓｐ． ｐｏｎｔｉｃａ Ｍ． Ｓｏｌｔｏｋｏｖｉｃ） Ｈａｙｅｋ 、塔城滨紫草（ Ｍｅｒｔｅｎｓｉａ ｔａｒｂａｇａｔａｉｃａ Ｂ．Ｆｅｄｔｓｃｈ ．） 。     

中国植物区新记录种

报道了采自新疆地区的花丹科、一科、紫草科的４个中国新记录种－－塔尔巴哈台彩花９Ａｃａｎｔｈｏｌｉｍｏｎ ｔａｒｂａｇａｔａｉｃｕｍ Ｇａｍａｊｕｎ０、ｓｇｈｇｇｏ ｄｘ ｅｊｇ（Ｇｅｎｔｉａｎａ ｓｅｐｆｅｍｆｉｄａ Ｐａｌｌａｓ）、早春龙胆（Ｇ．ｖｅｒｎａ Ｌ．ｓｕｂｓｐ．ｐｏｎｔｉｃａ Ｍ． Ｓｏｌｔｏｋｏｖｉｃ）Ｈａｙｅｋ、塔城演紫草（Ｍｅｒｔｅｎｓｉａ ｔａｒｂａｇａｔａｉｃａ Ｂ．Ｆｅｄ     

江浙獐牙菜的小孢子发生和雄配子体形成及其系统学意义

采用常规石蜡切片技术,对江浙獐牙菜(Swertia hickinii Burk)花药壁形成、小孢子发生和雄配子体形成过程进行了研究。结果表明:(1)花药四室,花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层组成,药壁发育为双子叶型。绒毡层异型起源,腺质型。花粉成熟时药室内壁径向加长并纤维状加厚,表皮宿存。(2)小孢子母细胞在减数分裂过程中胞质分裂为同时型;小孢子四分体排列方式主要为四面体型,也有左右对称型和"T"型等其他类型;成熟花粉为3-细胞型,具三萌发沟。另外,对獐牙菜属的雄性胚胎学特征进行了全面总结,并与龙胆属、蔓龙胆属及双蝴蝶属进行比较归纳出其共性。研究认为,花药表皮宿存或退化,是獐牙菜属与双蝴蝶属的重要区别之一。     

藏药椭圆叶花锚的胚胎学

本文首次报道了藏药椭圆叶花锚的胚胎学特征。花药四室,药壁发育为双子叶型;绒毡层异型起源,腺质型绒毡层。小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体的排列方式为四面体型;成熟花粉为３－细胞。子房２心皮,而二心皮连接处强烈膨大、内凸,４列胚珠。薄珠心,单珠被,直生胚珠。胚囊发育为蓼型。胚乳发育为核型。胚胎发育为茄型酸浆Ｉ变型。反足细胞在胚囊成熟时期宿存。承珠盘发达。果实成熟时,种子只发育至球型胚阶段。比较了该种与龙胆族其它属、种的胚胎学特征,发现它们大部分特征是相似的,但在如下３个特征上存在区别：子房二心皮连接处强烈膨大、内凸;直生胚珠;具有发达的承珠盘。其胚胎学特征的系统学和分类学意义有待进一步比较与评价     

西南獐牙菜的胚胎学及其系统学意义

报道了西南獐牙菜的大、小孢子发生及雌,雄配子体发育过程,并以此讨论了獐牙菜属宽丝组和多枝组的分类等级和系统演化关系,西南獐牙菜花药四室;药壁发育为双子叶型;绒毡层二型起源,腺质型;中层细胞2层;药室内壁纤维状加厚,药壁表皮宿存,小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型;小孢子四分体的排列为四面体形,成熟花粉为3-细胞型,孔子房为3心皮,1室,胚珠12列,故为超侧膜胎座,薄珠心,单珠被,倒弯生胚珠,大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成4个大孢子呈直线形排列,合点端的大孢子具功能,胚囊发育为蓼型,两极核在受精前融合为次生核,3个反足细胞次生增殖为5-8个,宿存,比较宽丝组和多枝组的胚胎党性一状表明宽丝组从多枝组中分出是合理的,在系统位置上宽丝组较多枝组进化。     

红直獐牙菜的胚胎学

首次报道了红直獐牙菜大小孢子发生,雌雄配子体形成和胚胎发育过程。主要结果如下：花药四室,药壁发育为双子叶型,绒毡层异型起源,接近腺质绒毡层,中层３层,花药壁表皮宿存,细胞柱状伸长,纤维状加厚,药室内壁退化,小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体的排列方式为四面体形;成熟花粉为３－细胞;子房２心皮,１室,１２列胚珠,侧膜胎座,薄珠心,单珠被,倒生胚珠,蓼型胚囊,反足细胞３个,宿存时间短,胚乳发育为核型     

Anther wall development,placentation, sporogenesis and gametogenesis in Smilax davidiana A.DC: A contribution to the embryology of Smilax

Embryological characters can be used to address taxonomic relationships and complement molecular phylogenetics and are of special value at the genus level. However, embryological information is fragmentary in Smilax and completely unknown in Smilax davidiana, a Chinese species. Anther wall development, placentation, sporogenesis and gametogenesis of S. davidiana are characterized here. The anther is bisporangiate, anther wall formation is of the Dicotyledonous type, both epidermis and endothecium develop fibrous thickenings, and the tapetum is secretory and of dual origin. Cytokinesis in the microsporocyte meiosis is successive, the microspore tetrad is tetragonal, and mature pollen is two-celled. The ovary is mostly trilocular with an axile placentation (a small fraction of the ovaries are unilocular with parietal placentation), the ovule is anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate, with embryo sac development of the Polygonum type. This study documents for the first time the embryological characters of S. davidiana in detail and contributes much to the embryology of Smilax.     

葱兰大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体发育及其系统学意义

采用常规石蜡切片技术,对石蒜科葱兰的花药壁发育、大小孢子的发生和雌雄配子体的发生过程进行了研究,并对葱兰属、石蒜科、百合科以及葱科的胚胎学特征进行比较讨论。结果表明:(1)葱兰花药四室,药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层组成;药壁发育类型为单子叶型,绒毡层的类型为分泌型;花粉成熟时药室内壁径向加长并纤维状加厚,表皮宿存;小孢子母细胞在减数分裂过程中胞质分裂为连续型,小孢子四分体排列方式主要为四面体型,还有少数一些为左右对称型,成熟花粉为2-细胞型。(2)葱兰的雌蕊3心皮合生,子房下位,中轴胎座,3室,每室具2列倒生胚珠;胚珠双珠被,厚珠心,具蓼型胚囊。(3)葱兰属的胚胎学特征与石蒜科的其他种类存在较大的差异,如葱兰属花药壁发育为单子叶型,而石蒜科花药壁发育主要为双子叶型,但葱兰属的这些胚胎学特征却和百合科较为相似。     

Embryology of Iris mandshurica Maxim. (Iridaceae) and its systematic relationships

Sporogenesis, gametogenesis, fertilization and embryogenesis of Iris mandshurica Maxim. were observed using the normal paraffin method. The results are as follows: the development of the anther wall following the dicotyledonous type consisting of four layers, the epidermis, the endothecium, one middle layer and the secretory tapetum. Fibrous thickenings develop in the endothecium when the anther is shed. Simultaneous cytokinesis during microsporogenesis results in a tetrahedral tetrad of microspores. Mature pollen grains are two-celled. The ovary is inferior and trilocular with axial placenta. The ovule is anatropous, bitegminous and crassinucellate. The archesporial cell below the nucellar epidermis undergoes periclinal division producing the primary parietal cell and the primary sporogenous cell. The primary parietal cell participates in the nucellar formation; the primary sporogenous cell differentiates directly as the megasporocyte. Successive cytokinesis in the megasporocyte usually produces the linear tetrad, and the chalazal megaspore of the tetrad develops into a Polygonum-type embryo sac. The fertilization mode is porogamy. The pollen tube enters into the embryo sac and discharges two sperm 16?C20?h after pollination. The fertilization is the postmitotic type of syngamy. The first division of the zygote is transversal. Endosperm formation is of the nuclear type. The systematic significance of the embryological characters of I. mandshurica is discussed.     

Embryology of Megacodon stylophorus and Veratrilla baillonii (Gentianaceae): descriptions and systematic implications

The embryological characters of Megacodon stylophorus (C. B. Clark) H. Smith and Veratrilla baillonii Franch. are described for the first time and the systematic relationships of Megacodon and Veratrilla are discussed. Both species share the following embryological features. The anthers are tetrasporangiate. The formation of anther walls is of the Dicotyledonous Type. The tapetum is of glandular type with uninucleate cells which have a dual origin. The tapetal cells on the connective side show radial elongation or periclinal division and intrude into the anther locule to form 'placentoids'. Cytokinesis in the microsporocyte meiosis is of the simultaneous type and the microspore tetrads are nearly always tetrahedral, rarely decussate. The ovary is bicarpellate and unilocular. The ovule is unitegmic and tenuinucellar. The formation of the embryo sac is of the Polygonum Type. Before fertilization, the two polar nuclei fuse into a secondary nucleus. Fertilization is porogamous. The development of the endosperm is of the Nuclear Type. However, the two species show variation in the following features: the number of cell layers which form the anther locule wall; construction of the wall of the mature anther; cell number in mature pollen grains; ovule number in cross sections of placentae; degree of ovule curvature; character of the hypostase and seed shape. In a comparison with the other taxa in the tribe Gentianeae using embryological features, Megacodon is referred to as an independent genus and should be treated as a member of the subtribe Swertiinae; Veratrilla is better separated from Swertia s . l . as an independent genus. Veratrilla is more derived than Swertia s . s. and shows a close relationship with S. tetraptera . © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 147 , 317–331.