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1.
The influence of the morphology and differentiation of Aspergillus terreus hyphae on the formation of mevinolinic acid (lovastatin) and (+)-geodin was tested. Lovastatin titre was the highest (above
60 mg l−1) in the system with smaller pellets (diameter below 1.5 mm) and high biomass concentration (above 10 g l−1 in the idiophase). These biomass features were induced by the higher initial number of spores in the preculture (above 2 × 1010 l−1). At the initial number of spores below 2 × 109 l−1 (+)-geodin biosynthesis was the most efficient but it was rather connected with the elevated C/N ratio than with the pellet
size. In order to quantify the hyphal differentiation in fungal pellets a special approach was used. The sectioning of the
stained pellets together with the image analysis and calculation procedures were applied. The analysis of hyphal differentiation
indicated that lovastatin formation was correlated with the fraction of the active, growing hyphae. 相似文献
2.
Jatropha curcas L. (Physic nut) is a commercially important non-edible oil seed crop known for its use as an alternate source of biodiesel.
In order to investigate the morphogenic potential of immature embryo, explants from four developmental stages were cultured
on medium supplemented with combinations of auxins and cytokinins. It was found that the size of embryo is critical for the
establishment of callus. Immature embryos (1.1–1.5 cm) obtained from the fruits 6 weeks after pollination showed a good response
of morphogenic callus induction (85.7%) and subsequent plant regeneration (70%) with the maximum number of plantlets (4.7/explant)
on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with IBA (0.5 mg l−1) and BA (1.0 mg l−1). The above medium when supplemented with growth adjuvants such as 100 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate + 200 mg l−1
l-glutamine + 8.0 mg l−1 CuSO4 resulted in an even higher frequency of callus induction (100%). Plant regeneration (90%) with the maximum number of plantlets
(10/explant) was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 500 mg l−1 polyvinyl pyrrolidone + 30 mg l−1 citric acid + 1 mg l−1 BA + 0.5 mg l−1 Kn + 0.25 mg l−1 IBA. It was observed that plantlet regeneration could occur either through organogenesis of morphogenic callus or via multiplication
of pre-existing meristem in immature embryos. The age of immature embryos and addition of a combination of growth adjuvants
to the culture medium appear to be critical for obtaining high regeneration rates. Well-developed shoots rooted on half-strength
MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 IBA and 342 mg l−1 trehalose. The rooted plants after acclimatization were successfully transferred to the field in different agro-climatic
zones in India. This protocol has been successfully evaluated on five elite lines of J. curcas. 相似文献
3.
The effect of increasing concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fluoranthene (FLT; 0.1, 1 and 5 mg l−1) on the growth, ethylene production and anatomy of stems of 21-day-old pea plants cultivated in vitro in MS medium, with
or without FLT, enriched with 0.1 mg l−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or with combination of 0.1 mg l−1 IAA + 0.1 mg l−1 N6-benzyladenine (BA) were investigated. The low concentration of 0.1 mg l−1 FLT, in both IAA- and IAA + BA-treated plants, significantly stimulated the growth of pea callus, while higher concentrations
1 mg l−1 and especially 5 mg l−1 FLT significantly inhibited it. Pea shoots were significantly influenced only after application of 5 mg l−1 FLT in IAA treatment. Significantly increased production of ethylene was found in IAA + BA treatments in all concentrations
of FLT, whereas in IAA treatments in 1 and 5 mg l−1 FLT. The lysigenous aerenchyma formation in the cortex of pea stems significantly increased in all FLT treatments and its
highest proportion was found in plants exposed to 1 mg l−1 FLT. 相似文献
4.
Ethrel treatment enhanced isoflavonoids accumulation in cell suspension cultures of Pueraria tuberosa, a woody legume 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The cell cultures of Pueraria tuberosa, a perennial leguminous lianas, were maintained in modified MS medium (KNO3 475 mg l−1, thiamine 1 mg l−1, biotin 1 mg l−1, calcium pantothenate 1 mg l−1) containing 0.1 mg l−1 2,4,5-trichloroacetic acid and 0.1 mg l−1 kinetin. Isoflavonoids (puerarin, genistin, daidzein, genistein) accumulation in cell suspension cultures was increased by
14-fold to ~12 mg l−1 after 48 h of adding 100 μM ethrel. Ethrel inhibitors (silver nitrate and silver thiosulfate) completely inhibited this effect
in the presence of ethrel and isoflavonoids were not detected in the spent medium. The increase was dose dependent and can
be explored to trigger high yield of isoflavonoids production. 相似文献
5.
Kusampudi Shilpa Chinnasamy Selvakkumar Arun Kumar Senthil Baddireddi Subhadra Lakshmi 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,101(1):105-109
Young leaf explants of Ocimum sanctum L. incubated on solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg l−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.2 mg l−1 kinetin (Kn) developed rhizogenic callus. When these were subcultured onto MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg l−1 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 0.5 mg l−1 NAA, friable rhizogenic callus was observed. Upon transfer of this friable callus onto liquid MS medium containing 4 mg l−1 NAA and 1.3 mg l−1 6-benzyladnine (BA) under continuous agitation at 90 rpm and 16 h photoperiod, roots with an optimum dry weight of 1,460 mg l−1 were obtained. An ethyl acetate extract of these roots exhibited 1, 1–diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging
activity. 相似文献
6.
In vitro regeneration and morphogenesis studies in common bean 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kingdom Kwapata Robab Sabzikar Mariam B. Sticklen James D. Kelly 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,100(1):97-105
An efficient protocol for high frequency in vitro regeneration of multiple shoots and somatic embryos from the embryonic axis
of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was developed. Ten common bean cultivars representing a wide range of diversity among current commercial market classes
were used for in vitro regeneration evaluation in our study. These cultivars were tested on 63 different media formulations
consisting of combinations of cytokinins, namely benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) at concentration levels of 0.0,
1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg l−1 and auxin, namely naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at concentration levels of 0.0, 0.05, 0.1
and 1.0 mg l−1. P. vulgaris cv. Olathe pinto bean performed the best producing over 20 multiple shoots per explant while cv. Condor black bean was the
poorest with nine multiple shoots per explant. The optimum media for regeneration of multiple shoots was 4.4 mg l−1 Murashige and Skoog (MS) containing 2.5 mg l−1 BA and 0.1 mg l−1 IAA supplemented with 30 mg l−1 silver nitrate. Adventitious shoots and somatic embryos were regenerated on 4.4 mg l−1 MS medium containing 1 mg l−1 TDZ and 0.05 mg l−1 NAA supplemented with 30 mg l−1 silver nitrate or activated charcoal. Efficient and effective rooting of plantlets was achieved by dipping the cut end base
of in vitro regenerated shoots in 1.0 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) solution and culturing on media containing 4.4 mg l−1 MS supplemented by 0.1 mg l−1 IAA, NAA or IBA. 相似文献
7.
Morteza Shabannejad Mamaghani Mohammad Hassan Assareh Mansoor Omidi Mohammad Matinizadeh Abbas Ghamari-Zare Shokofeh Shahrzad Massih Forootan 《Plant Growth Regulation》2009,59(3):199-205
The green twigs of 1-year-old Eucalyptus microtheca F. Muell seedlings were cultured on modified MS medium, supplemented with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and kinetin (Kin)
hormones at 12 different concentrations. After 4 weeks, the combination of 1 mg l−1 NAA + 1 mg l−1 Kin induced the highest number of axillary shoots. Meanwhile, embryogenic calli were observed in media containing 4 mg l−1 NAA + 0.5 mg l−1 Kin, without any regeneration. The hormone treatments were followed by subculturing the twigs in different levels of thidiazuron
(TDZ). The combination of 1 mg l−1 NAA + 1 mg l−1 Kin together with 0.01 mg l−1 TDZ resulted in an increase of direct shoot, while higher amounts of TDZ led to adventitious shoot induction. Somatic embryogenesis
was observed in the treatment containing 0.01 mg l−1 TDZ + 4 mg l−1 NAA + 0.5 mg l−1Kin. The peroxidase (POD) band patterns in regenerated plantlets were investigated in order to determine the effect of different
levels of TDZ on loci synthesis. A dimer locus, a tetramer locus and two epigenetic bands (a new band for NAA + Kin and the
other for TDZ) were observed in the POD profiles. In case of low (0.01 mg l−1 and 0.1 mg l−1) levels of TDZ, one heterozygote allele was disappeared from dimer locus, while at higher TDZ levels, the dimer locus lost
its stability and tetramer locus showed a high activity. Thus, POD allele patterns seems to be a feasible marker for different
types of regeneration. 相似文献
8.
Behzad Ahmadi Khoshnood Alizadeh Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2012,109(3):525-533
The effects of three periods of incubation (10, 20 and 30 min) at different levels of bleomycin (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and
0.5 μg ml−1), as well as three periods of exposure (12, 24 and 48 h) to different levels of the anti-auxin p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB), including 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg l−1, on microspore embryogenesis of rapeseed cv. ‘Amica’ were investigated. Microspore embryogenesis was significantly enhanced
following 20 min treatment with 0.2 μg ml−1 bleomycin compared with untreated cultures. Highest embryo yield (163 embryos Petri dish−1) was observed with 24 h treatment of 4 mg l−1 PCIB. The highest percentage of secondary embryogenesis was observed on B5 medium containing 0.15 mg l−1 of gibberellic acid (GA3) and 0.2 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) in 4–6 mm microspore-derived embryos (MDEs). Most callus formed on B5 medium containing 0.15 mg l−1 GA3, 0.1 mg l−1 BA and 0.1 mg l−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) when 4–6 mm embryos were used. Regeneration was highest on B5 medium containing 0.05 mg l−1 GA3 or 0.1 mg l−1 BA and 0.2 mg l−1 IAA with 2–4 mm embryos. Microspore embryogenesis and plant regeneration could be improved by both bleomycin and PCIB when
the appropriate MDE length and phytohormone level were selected. 相似文献
9.
The cell cultures of Cayratia trifolia (Vitaceae) a tropical lianas, were maintained in Murashige and Skoog’s medium containing 0.25 mg l−1 naphthalene acetic acid, 0.2 mg l−1 kinetin and 250 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate. Cell suspension cultures of C. trifolia accumulate stilbenes (piceid, resveratrol, viniferin, ampelopsin) which on addition of 0.1–0.5 mg l−1 morphactin in the medium containing naphthalene acetic acid and kinetin declined. Morphactin or 2 isopentenyl adenine alone
at 0.1 mg l−1 concentration enhanced stilbenes which on combination markedly enhanced the yield to ~5 mg l−1 at 15th day. 相似文献
10.
A simple protocol for direct shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration in Lessertia frutescens using hypocotyl and cotyledon segments is reported. l-canavanine content in the derived shoots is also quantified. Media containing different concentrations and combinations of
the cytokinins kinetin (K) and benzyladenine (BA) were tested for shoot induction potential. The best shoot regeneration rate
(83%) was obtained from hypocotyl segments cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 K; these hypocotyls also produced the largest number of shoots per explant (3.5) and the longest shoots per explant (13.3
mm). The best shoot regeneration rate (46%) using cotyledons as explant material was obtained in MS medium supplemented with
1 mg l−1 K and 1 mg l−1 BA or with 5 mg l−1 K and 0.5 mg l−1 BA. The highest number of cotyledon-derived shoots (1.5) was obtained in MS medium containing 2 mg l−1 K and 0.5 mg l−1 BA, and the longest cotyledon-derived shoots (6.1 mm) were obtained in MS medium containing 1 mg l−1 K and 0.5 mg l−1 BA. Shoots derived from hypocotyls cultured on media containing 1 mg l−1 K contained the highest quantity of l-canavanine (1.42 mg g−1) relative to the control (0.52 mg g−1). Shoots derived from cotyledons cultured on media containing 2 mg l−1 K contained the highest quantity of l-canavanine (2.07 mg g−1) compared to the control. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that shoots regenerated directly from the wounded epidermal
tissue, although callus formation was observed in most cultures. Young shoot clusters proliferated into healthy adventitious
shoots that were subsequently transferred directly onto rooting medium (MS medium containing 4 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid), eliminating the need for an additional multiplication or elongation phase. The in vitro plants were
successfully acclimatized in a growth chamber, achieving an 85% survival rate. 相似文献
11.
Su-Juan Zhao Zhong-Chun Zhang Xiang Gao Gulsum Tohsun Bao-Sheng Qiu 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,99(1):9-16
An efficient micropropagation system for mining ecotype Sedum alfredii Hance, a newly identified Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator, was developed. Frequency of callus induction reached up to 70% from leaves
incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA), and 83% from internodal stem segments grown on MS medium with 0.1 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.1 mg l−1 BA. Callus proliferated rapidly on MS medium containing 0.2 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.05 mg l−1 thidiazuron. The highest number of adventitious buds per callus (17.3) and frequency of shoot regeneration (93%) were obtained
when calli were grown on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l−1 BA and 0.3 mg l−1 α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Elongation of shoots was achieved when these were incubated on MS medium containing 3.0 mg l−1 gibberellic acid. Induction of roots was highest (21.4 roots per shoot) when shoots were transferred to MS medium containing
2.0 mg l−1 indole 3-butyric acid rather than either indole 3-acetic acid or NAA. When these in vitro plants were acclimatized and transferred
to the greenhouse, and grown in hydroponic solutions containing 200 μM cadmium (Cd), they exhibited high efficiency of Cd
transport, from roots to shoots, and hyperaccumulation of Cd. 相似文献
12.
Meiru Li Hongqing Li Xiaoying Hu Xiaoping Pan Guojiang Wu 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,106(3):363-371
Saussurea involucrata is a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herb. This is the first report of a successful genetic transformation protocol
for S. involucrata using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Leaf explants were incubated with A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring the binary vector pCAMBIA 1301, which contains the hpt gene as a selectable marker for hygromycin resistance and an intron-containing β-glucuronidase gene as a reporter gene. Following
co-cultivation, about 23.7% of the explants produced hygromycin-resistant calli on MS basal medium (Murashige and Skoog in
Physiol Plant 15: 473–497, 1962) supplemented with 1 mg l−1 benzyladenine (BA), 0.1 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.1 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 20 mg l−1 hygromycin, and 500 mg l−1 cefotaxime. Shoots were regenerated following transfer of the resistant calli to shoot induction medium containing 1.5 mg l−1 BA, 0.1 mg l−1 NAA, 0.25 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3), 20 mg l−1 hygromycin, and 250 mg l−1 cefotaxime, and about 67.5% of the resistant calli differentiated into shoots. Finally, 80% of the hygromycin-resistant shoots
rooted on MS media supplemented with 0.2 mg l−1 NAA, 20 mg l−1 hygromycin, and 250 mg l−1 cefotaxime. The transgenic nature of the transformants was demonstrated by detection of β-glucuronidase activity in the primary
transformants and by Southern blot hybridization analysis. About 16% of the total inoculated leaf explants produced transgenic
plants after approximately 5 months. Using this optimized transformation system, a rice ortholog of the Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T gene, Hd3a, was transferred into S. involucrata. Introduction of this gene caused an early-flowering phenotype in S. involucrata. 相似文献
13.
Saba Ambreen Memon Xilin Hou Bo Zhu Joseph N. Wolukau 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(6):1191-1196
The objective of the present work was selection of cultivar and suitable medium for regenerating shoots from leaf segments
of non-heading Chinese cabbage. We evaluated six types of supplemented media with 2.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg l−1 6-BA; 1.0 and 2.0 mg l−1 TDZ; 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 mg l−1NAA; 3.0, 5.0 and 7.5 mg l−1AgNO3; 0.01 mg l−1 2–4, D and 4.0 mg l−1 KT for shoot regeneration and six cultivars “Sanchidaye”, “Liuchuandasuomian”, “Qingyou 4”, “Liangbaiye”, “AiKang 5” and
“Hanxiao F3”, furthermore for root formation three types of supplemented media with 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 mg l−1 NAA, and for survival rate two types of base media: turf + vermiculite + manure (1:2:0.2) and soil + vermiculite (1:2). Culturing
leaf segments on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg l−1 TDZ; 0.5 mg l−1 NAA and 7.5 mg l−1 AgNO3 gave the highest number of shoots per leaf segment (66) while roots were best formed on the medium supplemented with 0.2 mg l−1 NAA. Survival rate was highest (61.6%) in the turf: vermiculite: manure (1:2:0.2) medium. The highest percentage of responding
leaf segments, number of shoots per leaf segment, rooting percentage and survival rate were observed in “Liuchuandasuomian”.
The plantlets were transferred to the soil and grown into mature plants in pots. These results could be used for preliminary
selections of cultivars to transfer disease resistance (Bt) gene through agrobacterium in non-heading Chinese cabbage. 相似文献
14.
Kailash Choudhary M. Singh M. S. Rathore N. S. Shekhawat 《Plant biotechnology reports》2009,3(3):205-211
An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for moth bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal] via somatic embryogenesis has been developed. Embryogenic callus cultures were established from the cotyledonary
node as explant on semi-solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.75 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.5 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and with various additives (50 mg l−1 ascorbic acid and 25 mg l−1 each of adenine sulphate, citric acid and l-arginine). Numerous somatic embryos differentiated on MS basal nutrient medium supplemented with 0.25 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l−1 of kinetin (Kin). Sustained cell division resulted in the formation of cell aggregates, which progressed to the globular-
and heart-shaped somatic embryos and then, if they differentiated properly, to the torpedo shape and cotyledonary stages.
The transfer of embryos onto fresh MS basal medium containing 0.2 mg l−1 BA and 2.0 mg l−1 gibberellic acid enabled the embryos to achieve complete maturation and germination. More than 80% of somatic embryos were
converted into true-to-type fertile plants. In vitro-regenerated plantlets with well-developed roots were successfully hardened
in a greenhouse and established in soil. 相似文献
15.
Joshua Otieno Ogweno Wen Hai Hu Xing Shun Song Kai Shi Wei Hua Mao Yan Hong Zhou Jing Quan Yu 《Plant Growth Regulation》2010,60(3):175-182
Detached leaves of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) experienced photoinhibition associated with sharp reductions in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), quantum efficiency of
PSII (ΦPSII) and photochemical quenching (qP) even though they were exposed to mild light intensity (400 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD) at 28°C. Photoinhibition and the reduction in Pn, ΦPSII and qP, however, were significantly alleviated by 1 mg l−1 ABA, 0.1 mg l−1
N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) and 0.01 mg l−1 24-epibrassinolide (EBR). Higher concentrations, however, reduced the effects or even exacerbated the occurrence of photoinhibition.
Superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in leaves increased with the increases in ABA concentration within
1–100 mg l−1, CPPU concentration within 0.1–10 mg l−1 and EBR concentration within 0.01–1.0 mg l−1. Catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activity also increased with the increase in EBR concentration but CPPU and ABA treatments
at higher concentrations caused a decrease. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased with the increase in CPPU concentration.
ABA and EBR, however, decreased MDA concentration only at 1 and 0.01 mg l−1, respectively. In conclusion, detached leaves had increased sensitivity to PSII photoinhibition. Photoinhibition-induced
decrease in photosynthesis, however, was significantly alleviated by EBR, CPPU and ABA at a proper concentration. 相似文献
16.
Abhinav Grover Jayashankar S. Yadav Ranjita Biswas Choppakatla S. S. Pavan Punita Mishra Virendra S. Bisaria Durai Sundar 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2012,108(2):323-331
Cell suspension cultures of Camellia sinensis were established in 250 ml shake flasks. Flasks contained 50 ml liquid medium of either Murashige and Skoog (MS), N/5 MS
or Heller medium containing different levels of 6-benzyladenine (BA) (0.05–2 mg l−1), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (1–10 mg l−1), and sucrose (10–50 g l−1). Moreover, the pH of the medium was varied from 5.2–6.2. In addition, cultures were subjected to light irradiation as well
as to complete darkness. Following optimization of aroma and terpenoid extraction methods, cell cultures were analyzed for
the volatile compounds using GC/MS. A total of 43 compounds were identified using the micro SDE apparatus. Among the major
monoterpenoids obtained were α-terpineol and nerol. Moreover, other high aroma-value compounds, including 2-ethyl hexanol,
benzyl alcohol, benzene acetaldehyde, nonanal and phenylethylalcohol were also detected. The highest levels of these compounds
were obtained from cell suspension cultures grown in MS medium containing 5 mg l−1 2,4-D, 1 mg l−1 BA and 30 g l−1 sucrose at pH of 5.8 with incubation in complete darkness. 相似文献
17.
Guang-Zhe Lin Xiao-Mei Zhao Soon-Kwan Hong Yu-Ji Lian 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,106(1):93-103
We have developed a system for the in vitro regeneration of pasqueflowers (Pulsatilla koreana Nakai). The system was based on somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis. Over a growth period of 6 weeks, multiple
shoots were initiated from leaf, petiole, and pedicel explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.5 mg l−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin (Zn), kinetin (Kin), or 6-benzyladenine (BA). We achieved 100% of adventitious shoot
induced when petiole and pedicel explants were cultured on MS, 0.5–2.0 mg l−1 Zn, and 0.5 mg l−1 IAA. Somatic embryos developed from the explants and generated shoots on MS medium containing 0.25 mg l−1 Zn and 0.5 mg l−1 IAA. Globular and heart-shaped stages of somatic embryos were observed. Histological studies have revealed the stages of
development of somatic embryos. For propagation and growth, the regenerated shoots from organogenic or embryogenic calluses
were transferred to MS medium containing either (1) 1.5 mg l−1 Zn and 0.05 mg l−1 IAA or (2) 1.0 mg l−1 BA and 0.05 mg l−1 IAA. After the length of the shoots reached 3 cm, the shoots initiated by organogenesis as well as those initiated by somatic
embryogenesis were transferred to the root induction medium. After 2 months of culture in half-strength MS with 1.5 mg l−1 α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), the rooting ratio was 93%. Finally, the rooted plantlets were acclimatized in a mixture
of mountain soil and perlite. 相似文献
18.
Plant regeneration was achieved through direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis in Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Callus was induced from mature zygotic embryos and from cotyledon explants collected from 10, 15, 25, and 30-day-old seedlings
cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
Maximum callus induction from mature zygotic embryos was obtained on MS basal medium containing 1 mg l−1 NAA. The frequency of callus development varied based on the age of the cotyledon explants 10-day-old explants giving highest
percentage on MS basal medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 NAA. Callus obtained from mature zygotic embryos gave highest frequency of somatic embryogenesis on MS basal medium containing
0.5 mg l−1 benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg l−1 NAA. Separate age wise culture of the calli, obtained from cotyledons of different ages cultured separately, revealed high
somatic embryogenic potential on callus from 10-day-old cotyledons. Direct somatic embryogenesis too was obtained from hypocotyl
explants without an intervening callus phase on MS basal medium containing 0.5 mg l−1 BA. The effects of abscisic acid (ABA), sucrose, and different strengths of MS medium on somatic embryo maturation and germination
were also investigated. Number of mature somatic embryos increased with lower concentrations (0–1 mg l−1) of ABA while no significant differences were observed at higher concentrations (2–5 mg l−1) of ABA. Compared to basal medium containing lower concentrations of sucrose (1%), the MS medium supplemented with higher
levels of sucrose (4%) showed significantly lower frequency of mature somatic embryos. Basal medium without any dilution gave
the highest number of immature embryos. However, the number of mature embryos was high at higher medium dilutions. 相似文献
19.
Uksha Saini Devinder Kaur Sanjoy Chanda Amita Bhattacharya Paramvir Singh Ahuja 《Plant Growth Regulation》2012,67(1):65-72
The application of betaine, a quaternary ammonium compound influenced the micropropagation in two commercially important UPASI
(U-9 and U-10) cultivars of tea. Growth and multiplication of shoots of both the cultivars was enhanced significantly in the
presence of 125–1,000 mg l−1 betaine with best response at 1,000 mg l−1 betaine. The shoots turned brown and died within 15 days when 1,500 mg l−1 betaine was applied. The study showed faster water/nutrient uptake in the presence of betaine. Higher assimilation of carbon
and nitrogen in the presence of betaine was also indicated in biochemical analyses. Thus, a decrease in carbohydrates coupled
with an increase in nitrate reductase activity was recorded. Moreover, faster differentiation of vascular elements and shoot
thickness was observed in the shoots of U-9 and U-10 growing on medium containing 1,000 mg l−1 betaine. Nutrient uptake, assimilation and growth were significantly higher in U-10 as compared to U-9 shoots. 相似文献
20.
M. Sharari A. Jahan Latibari A. Guillet M. Aurousseau B. Mouhamadou Gh. Rafeiee A. Mirshokraei D. Parsapaghouh 《Biodegradation》2011,22(2):421-430
Biotreatment of bagasse effluent using Phanerochaete chrysosporium (white rot fungus) is investigated. This study confirmed that lignin is the major pollutant component in this effluent followed
by different carbohydrates. The treatment conditions must be very proper, especially in terms of biomass culture to achieve
a successful treatment. The best conditions of temperature, biomass concentration, pH and duration for biotreatment of this
effluent were 35°C, 552 mg l−1, 6 and 5 to 9 days, respectively. Under these conditions, a 9 days long treatment reduced by 98.7% the original biochemical
oxygen demand (of 2,780 mg l−1) and by 98.5% the dissolved chemical oxygen demand (initial 4,200 mg l−1). Moreover, fungal treatment reduced total dissolved solids from 3,950 to 575 mg l−1 and color from 560 mg l−1 PtCo to 111 mg l−1 PtCo. 相似文献