HCV丝氨酸蛋白酶小分子底物构建及GST融合表达

丝氨酸蛋白酶是丙型肝炎病毒重要的功能蛋白和药物作用靶点,其通过分子内（cis）和分子间（trans）方式催化水解前体蛋白,释放病毒功能蛋白。目的：为深入研究病毒蛋白酶活性和抑制剂鉴定需要,实验研究参照丙型肝炎病毒1a亚型菌株蛋白酶天然底物的氨基酸序列特点,设计了一段包含两个天然底物酶切位点的小分子多肽2S,并进行了原核表达。方法：利用PCR方法,合成2S小分子多肽基因,目的基因两端引入BamH I和EcoR I两个限制性酶切位点,双酶切后将基因与表达载体pGEX-4T-2重组,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,经化学诱导进行GST融合蛋白表达,通过亲和层析柱纯化目的蛋白。纯化的GST 2S融合蛋白在体外反应系统进行酶切鉴定,SDS-PAGE和ELISA鉴定酶切结果。结果：PCR合成的小分子底物多肽2S基因,经与表达载体重组后测序,证实基因序列正确。采用0.5mmol/L浓度的IPTG诱导工程菌过夜,获得表达的目的蛋白,经分离纯化得到融合蛋白GST-2S。GST-2S在体外磷酸盐缓冲系统中与丝氨酸蛋白酶反应,15%SDS-PAGE鉴定酶切产物,证实融合蛋白底物条带明显消失,ELISA结果同样说明融合蛋白的底物活性。结论：含有两个天然底物酶切位点的小分子多肽可以替代病毒天然底物,实验结果为丙型肝炎病毒丝氨酸蛋白酶活性研究和酶抑制剂研究奠定了方法学基础。     

重组环状胸腺五肽结构类似物Cyclo-（Cys- Arg-Lys –Asp-Val-Tyr）的制备、鉴定和活性检测

为了实现蛋白内含肽(Intein)介导的重组环状胸腺五肽结构类似物［cyclo-（Cys -Arg-Lys –Asp-Val-Tyr）,cTP］的高效制备,设计并合成编码6个氨基酸的cTP基因,克隆到表达载体pTWIN1,重组表达质粒pTW-cTp转化E.coli ER2566构建工程菌,IPTG诱导由几丁质结合域纯化标签（chitin binding domain,CBD）、2个蛋白内含肽和目的多肽组成的“多元”融合蛋白(CBD-intein1-cTP-intein2-CBD)的高效表达.几丁质柱亲合层析纯化融合蛋白后,改变pH值和温度诱导intein1 C端切割,硫醇MESNA诱导intein2 N端切割,释放N端为Cys,C端为硫酯的重组cTP线性前体,通过非保护多肽硫酯环合法实现环肽生成.激光飞行质谱结果显示,纯化产物的分子量为764.4,与环肽的理论值相符.免疫活性检测结果显示,环肽cTP较线性多肽TP-5具有更显著的促进巨噬细胞吞噬能力的活性（P<0.01）和促进B细胞抗体生成的活性（P<0.01）.     

垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽基因合成表达和产物纯化与鉴定

为利用基因工程技术获得垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽 (pituitaryadenylatecyclaseactivatingpolypeptide ,PACAP) ,根据大肠杆菌的密码偏好性 ,设计并人工合成编码 38个氨基酸的PACAP基因 .克隆到表达载体pET 35b(+) ,构建重组质粒pET PACAP ,转化大肠杆菌BL2 1 (DE3)pLysS+ .实现纤维素结合域 (cellulosebindingdomain ,CBD)与PACAP融合蛋白的表达 ,并在两者之间引入 (凝血 )因子Ⅹa识别位点 (Ile Glu Gly Arg↓ ) .融合蛋白CBD PACAP经纤维素亲和层析纯化后 ,因子Ⅹa酶切释放PACAP .在因子Ⅹa识别位点前引入 7个氨基酸的柔性短肽 (Gly Thr Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly)明显提高了融合蛋白对因子Ⅹa的敏感性 .HPLC进一步纯化得到纯度大于 95 %PACAP多肽 .所得的PACAP多肽的Western印迹鉴定为阳性 ;激光飞行质谱测定分子量结果与理论值相符 .生物活性分析表明 ,所制备的PACAP具有促进胰腺癌细胞株SW 1 990胞内cAMP合成的活性     

苦瓜MAP30蛋白的原核表达及其生物活性研究

以天然苦瓜基因组为模板PCR扩增去前导肽后成熟的MAP30蛋白基因,克隆至可诱导表达载体pET28a中。将含MAP30基因的表达载体pET28a-MAP30转化至E. coli Rostta（DE3）中并通过IPTG诱导表达。经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）和蛋白杂交（Western blot）以及液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）对表达的重组MAP30蛋白进行鉴定,并通过镍柱亲和层析纯化。将pUC19质粒与不同浓度的纯化后的重组MAP30蛋白孵育,分析其切割DNA的活性。同时将纯化后的重组MAP30蛋白体外作用于人乳腺癌细胞（MCF-7）,采用MTT、AO/PI双染等方法进行抗肿瘤活性分析。实验结果表明纯化后的蛋白经质谱鉴定和Western blot分析,目的蛋白成功地与His-tag融合表达。首次发现大肠杆菌异源表达的重组MAP30蛋白同天然蛋白一样可以切割超螺旋DNA活性。MTT、AO/PI双染结果证实重组MAP30体外可诱导MCF-7细胞发生凋亡。通过基因工程技术大量制备MAP30蛋白,进一步研究其体外生物学活性,为以后的临床应用奠定基础。     

人Hepassocin的原核可溶性表达与纯化

目的：构建人Hepassocin的原核表达载体,可溶性表达并纯化得到高纯度的重组人Hepassocino方法：将人Hepassocin基因克隆到原核表达载体pET40b（＋）,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,于28℃经0．1mmol／LIPTG诱导6h,表达Ds-bC-Hepassocin融合蛋白,经镍柱纯化可溶性融合蛋白,用肠激酶切除融合蛋白的DsbC-His标签,再用镍柱纯化分离酶切后的Hepassocin,通过超滤进一步纯化并浓缩,用Western blot验证纯化后的Hepassocin。结果：构建了pET40b-Hepassocin原核表达载体,经诱导表达、亲和层析和肠激酶切除融合标签,获得了相对分子质量约32000的可溶性高纯度蛋白,Western blot鉴定证实该蛋白为不含融合标签的重组人Hepassocin。结论：实现了人Hepassocin的原核可溶性表达,通过纯化获得了较高纯度的重组人Hepassocin,为制备其单克隆抗体,进一步研究其生物学功能奠定了基础。     

猪丹毒丝菌C43065株表面保护性抗原AN端保护区在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的：在大肠杆菌中表达猪丹毒丝菌C43065株表面保护性抗原A（SpaA）N端保护区（SpaA-N）,并检测其抗原性。方法：利用PCR方法从猪丹毒丝菌C43065株基因组中扩增出spaA基因片段,构建pMD18-spaA重组质粒并对插入片段进行测序;以pMD18-spaA重组质粒为模板,PCR扩增得到spaA-N基因片段,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-spaA-N,经序列测定证实正确后转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,再经IPTG诱导表达GST-SpaA-N融合蛋白并纯化。结果：扩增得到的spaA基因长1881bp,编码由626个氨基酸残基构成的多肽;SDS-PAGE和Western印迹检测结果表明,诱导表达获得相对分子质量约64000的GST-SpaA-N融合蛋白,该融合蛋白能与相应抗体发生特异性反应。结论：获得了在大肠杆菌中可溶性表达的GST-SpaA-N融合蛋白,为进一步研究猪丹毒丝菌免疫保护性抗原奠定了基础。     

人胰高血糖素样肽-1与人血清白蛋白融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的：在巴斯德毕赤酵母中表达有降糖活性的人胰高血糖素样肽-1（hGLP-1）突变体（2Gly-hGLP-1）与人血清白蛋白（HSA）的融合蛋白。方法：为将GLP-1氨基酸序列第2位的丙氨酸（Ala）定点突变为甘氨酸（Gly）,根据毕赤酵母偏爱密码子合成编码2Gly-hGLP-1的基因;采用重叠PCR法拼接2Gly-hGLP-1和HSA的基因,使得2Gly-hGLP-1的C端与HSA的N端通过甘氨酸五肽接头连接;将该融合基因插入表达载体pPIC9构建为重组载体pPIC9/2Gly-hGLP-1-HSA,电击转化至毕赤酵母GS115细胞,通过表型筛选和诱导表达实验获得高效表达菌株;工程菌在5L发酵罐中培养后,对发酵产物进行分离纯化和生物学活性分析。结果：融合蛋白在5L发酵罐中的表达量约为200mg/L,经纯化后纯度可达95%以上;小鼠糖耐量实验表明该融合蛋白具有明显的控血糖活性。结论：在毕赤酵母中分泌表达的融合蛋白2Gly-hGLP-1-HSA具有降血糖活性。     

重组人胱抑素C的原核表达及鉴定

目的构建重组人胱抑素C（cystatinC,CysC）的原核高效表达质粒,诱导表达并纯化获得CysC重组蛋白。方法根据大肠埃希菌编码蛋白的特性设计CysC编码基因序列,人工合成目的基因克隆至pET-22b（＋）表达载体中,测序及酶切鉴定正确后诱导其在大肠埃希菌BL21中表达,所获得的包涵体蛋白经亲和层析纯化后采用SDS—PAGE及Western印迹鉴定。结果酶切结果证实构建的表达质粒结构正确;测序结果显示克隆的基因序列所编码的蛋白与GenBank中的CysC氨基酸序列相符;SDS-PAGE及Western印迹结果证实获得的重组CysC融合蛋白分子量约为16kD,经NP亲和层析纯化获得纯度大于90％的目的蛋白。结论建立了重组人CysC的原核高效表达系统并获得了CysC重组蛋白。     

重组蛋白ES-Kringle5的表达、纯化及活性检测

目的：利用基因工程方法原核表达重组融合蛋白ES-Kringle5并进行纯化及活性检测。方法：ES-Kringle5是将内皮抑素N端的前27个氨基酸与Kringle5通过连接肽相连的重组融合蛋白,合成该重组蛋白的基因片段并插入载体pMD18-T中,然后克隆至大肠杆菌表达载体pET25b中并转化E.coli BL21（DE3）。乳糖诱导表达后经Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化后获得目的蛋白。通过抑制HUVEC细胞增殖实验检测其生物学活性。结果：重组质粒构建正确。利用乳糖诱导表达并降低诱导温度能增加目的蛋白的产量及可溶性表达。纯化后的重组蛋白纯度大于95%。生物学活性证明该重组蛋白具有抑制HUVEC的增殖能力。结论：具有生物学活性的重组蛋白ES-Kringle5可在大肠杆菌中高效表达,为研究其体内药效、药代及安全性评价奠定了基础。     

重组鲑鱼降钙素前体多肽的制备及其性质研究

硫氧还原蛋白的第 38位 Met突变为 Ala的 Trx- s CT- Gly基因在 E.coli BL2 1 ( DE3)中得到高效表达 .用 Thio Bind亲和树脂纯化表达的融合蛋白 .结果说明 38位的 Met突变为 Ala不影响融合蛋白与树脂的特异性结合 ,融合蛋白的纯度达 90 %以上 .在含有 3mol/L尿素的 70 %甲酸中 ,室温 48h,至少 80 %融合蛋白被溴化氰裂解开 .采用 CM-纤维素吸附 ,用稀盐酸解吸附 ,得到纯度为92 %的降钙素前体多肽 s CT- Gly.氨基酸的序列分析结构表明 ,重组 s CT- Gly的 N端 1 0个氨基酸与预期一致 .在强酸性条件下 ,没有发生氨基酸的脱酰胺反应 ,氨基酸组成分析与预期基本一致 .质谱法测定的分子量为 3492 ,毛细管电泳测定的等电点 p I为 6.46,大鼠降钙素比活性为 1 90 IU/mg左右 ,与天然的人降钙素相当 .     

High-level expression and purification of an analgesic peptide from Buthus martensii Karch

BmK AngM1, a scorpion peptide isolated from Buthus martensii Karch was reported to exhibit potential analgesic effect. But the relative low content of this toxin in crude venom limits its further characterization. In this study, we constructed an expression vector and transformed into E.coli. The BmK AngM1 was expressed as a fusion protein in the soluble fraction and was purified by Nickel affinity chromatography. Subsequently, the purified fusion protein was cleaved by enterokinase and was further purified by reverse-phase HPLC. We purified 25 mg recombinant BmK AngM1 (rBmK AngM1) from 1 L bacterial culture. The molecular weight of rBmK AngM1 determined by ESI-MS was 7240.4 Da which was the expected size for correctly processed. Analgesic bioassay studies of rBmK AngM1 exhibited its potential analgesic effect comparable to that of the natural BmK AngM1 peptide.     

Expression, purification, and characterization of a novel methyl parathion hydrolase

The mpd gene coding for a novel methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH) was previously reported and its putative open reading frame was also identified. To further confirm its coding region, the intact region encoding MPH was obtained by PCR and expressed in Escherichia coli as a hexa-His C-terminal fusion protein. The fusion protein was purified to homogeneity by metal-affinity chromatography. The enzyme activity and zymogram assay showed that the fusion protein was functional in degrading methyl parathion. The amino terminal sequencing of the purified recombinant MPH indicated that a signal peptide of the first 35 amino acids was cleaved from its precursor to form active MPH. A rat polyclonal antiserum was raised against the purified mature fusion protein. The results of Western blot and zymogram demonstrated that mature MPH in native Plesiomonas sp. strain M6 was also processed from its precursor by cleavage of a putative signal peptide at the amino terminus. The production of active MPH in E. coli was greatly improved after the coding region for the signal peptide was deleted. HPLC gel filtration of the purified mature recombinant MPH revealed that the MPH was a monomer.     

Cloning, expression, isotope labeling, and purification of human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in Escherichia coli for NMR studies

Antimicrobial peptide LL-37 plays an important role in human body's first line of defense against infection. To better understand the mechanism of action, it is critical to elucidate the three-dimensional structure of LL-37 in complex with bacterial membranes. We present a bacterial expression system that allows the incorporation of (15)N and other isotopes into the polypeptide for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The DNA sequence encoding full-length LL-37 was chemically synthesized and cloned into the pET-32a(+) vector for protein expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3). The peptide was expressed directly as a His-tagged fusion protein without the inclusion of its precursor sequence. LL-37 was released from the fusion by formic acid cleavage at the AspPro dipeptide bond and separated from the carrier thioredoxin by affinity chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. The peptide was identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and further confirmed by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity assays showed that the recombinant LL-37 purified from the bacterial source is as active as that from chemical synthesis. According to the antimicrobial peptide database (), 111 peptides contain a Met residue, but only 5 contain the AspPro pair, indicating a broader application of formic acid than cyanogen bromide in cleaving fusion proteins. The successful application to the expression of the 66-residue cytoplasmic tail of human MUC1 indicates that the system can be applied to other peptides as well.     

水通道蛋白1-C末端肽段/GST融合蛋白的原核表达(简报)

水通道蛋白(Aquaporin,AQP)是一类选择性高效转运水分子的细胞膜通道蛋白,广泛存在于原核和真核生物细胞的细胞膜上,主要介导自由水分子的被动跨膜转运,对保持细胞内外液环境的稳态平衡起着重要的作用.     

Sequence and expression of Thai Rosewood beta-glucosidase/beta-fucosidase, a family 1 glycosyl hydrolase glycoprotein

Dalcochinin-8'-O-beta-glucoside beta-glucosidase (dalcochinase) from the Thai rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre) has aglycone specificity for isoflavonoids and can hydrolyze both beta-glucosides and beta-fucosides. To determine its structure and evolutionary lineage, the sequence of the enzyme was determined by peptide sequencing followed by PCR cloning. The cDNA included a reading frame coding for 547 amino acids including a 23 amino acid propeptide and a 524 amino acid mature protein. The sequences determined at peptide level were found in the cDNA sequence, indicating the sequence obtained was indeed the dalcochinase enzyme. The mature enzyme is 60% identical to the cyanogenic beta-glucosidase from white clover glycosyl hydrolase family 1, for which an X-ray crystal structure has been solved. Based on this homology, residues which may contribute to the different substrate specificities of the two enzymes were identified. Eight putative glycosylation sites were identified, and one was confirmed to be glycosylated by Edman degradation and mass spectrometry. The protein was expressed as a prepro-alpha-mating factor fusion in Pichia pastoris, and the activity of the secreted enzyme was characterized. The recombinant enzyme and the enzyme purified from seeds showed the same K(m) for pNP-glucoside and pNP-fucoside, had the same ratio of V(max) for these substrates, and similarly hydrolyzed the natural substrate, dalcochinin-8'-beta-glucoside.     

On the role of high-potential iron-sulfur proteins and cytochromes in the respiratory chain of two facultative phototrophs

The cDNA encoding of a phospholipase A(2) inhibitor (PLIalpha) of the Chinese mamushi, Agkistrodon blomhoffii siniticus, was identified from a liver cDNA library by use of a probe prepared by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the basis of the amino acid sequence of PLIalpha. It encoded a polypeptide of 166 amino acid residues, including 19 residues of the signal sequence and 147 residues of the complete mature sequence of PLIalpha. The PLIalpha cDNA was subcloned into the expression vector pET-16b and used to transform Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)pLysS. The recombinant PLIalpha expressed as a fusion protein was solubilized and purified to homogeneity by use of a metal affinity resin. The purified PLIalpha fusion protein underwent folding to form a trimeric structure like the intact PLIalpha, and showed inhibitory activity against the group II acidic PLA(2) from A. blomhoffii siniticus venom; although its binding constant (1/K(i)) value was 30-fold lower than that of the natural PLIalpha. The elimination of the N-terminal additional peptide from the fusion protein resulted in a marked increase in the inhibition activity with a binding constant comparable to that of the natural PLIalpha against the acidic PLA(2). Furthermore, the carbohydrate chains of the natural PLIalpha were found to play an important role in the inhibitory activity against the basic PLA(2).     

Expression, purification, and isotope labeling of cannabinoid CB2 receptor fragment, CB2(180-233)

To develop an approach to obtain milligram quantities of purified isotope-labeled seven transmembrane G-protein coupled cannabinoid (CB) receptor for NMR structural analysis, we chose a truncated CB receptor fragment, CB2(180-233), spanning from the fifth transmembrane domain (TM5) to the associated loop regions of cannabinoid CB2 receptor. This highly hydrophobic membrane protein fragment was pursued for developmental studies of membrane proteins through expression and purification in Escherichia coli. The target peptide was cloned and over-expressed in a preparative scale as a fusion protein with a modified TrpDeltaLE1413 (TrpLE) leader sequence and a nine-histidine tag at its N-terminal. An experimental protocol for enzyme cleavage was developed by using Factor Xa to remove the TrpLE tag from the fusion protein. A purification process was also established using a nickel affinity column and reverse-phase HPLC, and then monitored by SDS-PAGE and MS. This expression level is one of the highest reported for a G-protein coupled receptor and fragments in E. Coli, and provided a sufficient amount of purified protein for further biophysical studies.     

The structure analysis of Humanin analog, AGA-(C8R)HNG17, by circular dichroism and sedimentation equilibrium: comparison with the parent molecule

A 24-amino acid peptide, Humanin (HN), is a novel peptide that protects neuronal cells in vitro and in vivo from Alzheimer's disease-related toxicities. We have shown before that the structures of HN and a 1000-fold more active analog, HNG, with a Ser14Gly mutation are largely disordered. During additional mutational analysis, a shorter 17-amino acid form, AGA-(C8R)HNG17, was accidentally discovered to have a 100-fold higher activity than HNG. Here we have characterized the structural properties of the AGA-(C8R)HNG17 analog by circular dichroism (CD) and sedimentation equilibrium analysis. First, the structure in water was characterized, since these peptides have been dissolved in water prior to biological analysis. The AGA-(C8R)HNG17 peptide exhibited extensive beta-sheet structure in water, completely different from the aqueous HN and HNG structures. The beta-sheet structure was converted to a disordered structure upon dilution into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at low peptide concentration (e.g., below 0.2mg/ml), which was similar to the structure of HN and HNG, observed under similar conditions. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis showed that the AGA-(C8R)HNG17 analog was essentially monomeric in PBS, while HNG showed extensive aggregation. Such aggregation of HNG was observed when the peptide was added to the serum-containing cell culture media. Thus, the mutations introduced into the AGA-(C8R)HNG17 analog generated a peptide different from the parent HNG and HN peptides in the self-association properties and hence the solubility, which most likely contributed to the increased biological activity of the AGA-(C8R)HNG17 analog.     

重组牛肠激酶轻链基因在大肠杆菌中的表达与纯化

肠激酶（Enteroloinase,EK,EC3.4.21.9）是一种以异源二聚体形式存在于哺乳动物十二指肠内的丝氨酸蛋白酶,通过在位点（Asp）4-Lys的羧基端进行高效特异酶切,将胰蛋白酶原激活为胰蛋白酶。以GenBank公共数据库中牛肠激酶轻链基因序列（Accession No.NM174439）设计引物,利用RT-PCR方法合成牛肠激酶轻链基因片段,并克隆进pET39b载体中DsbA片段的C’端,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,获得DsbA/牛肠激酶轻链融合蛋白,经镍离子螯合层析纯化,每升培养液中可得到2.7-3.0mg重组牛肠激酶,对含有肠激酶酶切位点的IL-11/MBP融合蛋白进行酶切,结果表明,酶解率可达到95%以上,为重组牛肠激酶的大规模生产打下了基础。     

Gene cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel beta-mannanase from Bacillus circulans CGMCC 1416

A DNA fragment containing 2,079 base pairs from Bacillus circulans CGMCC 1416 was cloned using degenerate PCR and inverse PCR. An open reading frame containing 981 bp was identified that encoded 326 amino acids residues, including a putative signal peptide of 31 residues. The deduced amino acid sequence showed the highest identity (68.1%) with endo-beta-1,4-D-mannanase from Bacillus circulans strain K-1 of the glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5). The sequence encoding the mature protein was cloned into the pET-22b(+) vector and expressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant fusion protein containing an N-terminal hexahistidine sequence. The fusion protein was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography and its hexahistidine tag cleaved to yield a 31-kDa beta-mannanase having a specific activity of 481.55 U/mg. The optimal activity of the purified protein, MANB48, was at 58 degrees C and pH 7.6. The hydrolysis product on substrate locust bean gum included a monosaccharide and mainly oligosaccharides. The recombinant MANB48 may be of potential use in the feed industry.