Comparison of Sterilizing Properties of Formaldehyde-Methanol Solutions With Formaldehyde-Water Solutions

Sterilizing properties of formaldehyde in anhydrous methanol and formaldehyde in water were compared. Formaldehyde in methanol achieved sterilization in 24 hr. Formaldehyde in water was found to sterilize in shorter periods of time and to have a longer shelf life than formaldehyde in methanol.     

不同注药方法对丙泊酚注射痛的影响

目的:比较不同注射部位对丙泊酚注射痛的影响.方法:选择ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ自愿接受无痛人工流产手术患者200例,随机分为4组,(n=50).Ⅰ组手背静脉推注丙泊酚;Ⅱ组肘部静脉推注丙泊酚;Ⅲ组肘部推注20mg 2%利多卡因后即刻静脉推注丙泊酚;Ⅳ组手背推注20mg 2%利多卡因后即刻静脉推注丙泊酚.记录各组患者的疼痛分级评分.结果:Ⅱ组与Ⅳ组比较丙泊酚注射痛无差异;Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组比较丙泊酚注射痛无差异;Ⅱ组与Ⅳ组比较发生丙泊酚注射痛的程度轻.结论:选择肘部静脉静推丙泊酚且无需预推利多卡因注射痛最轻.     

Sciatic Injection Neuropathy

Prevention of sciatic injection neuropathy can best be accomplished by teaching that the injection should be made into the gluteal mass in the upper outer quadrant rather than the buttock, and that the needle should be introduced in a plane perpendicular to the surface of the bed when the patient is lying prone. Failing prevention, one must strive for early and correct diagnosis, especially in infants, and carry out exploration with internal and external neurolysis if there is no evidence of improvement within two to three months.     

Solidification Processes of Solutions

Recent progress in modeling pure liquid and dendritic alloy solidification is reviewed to lay the groundwork for freezing of solutions relevant to cryopreservation of biological materials. The classical Stefan problem of freezing/melting a pure substance is discussed first to introduce some of the fundamental concepts, and then the framework for modeling the freezing of solutions is reviewed. The formalism is extended to the freezing of a solution-saturated porous media. As an application of the methodologies developed by engineers, freezing of a sodium chloride solution in a flat bag is simulated, and then using the temperature and salt concentration data calculated the kinetics of water loss from a model cell is predicted.