母亲声音刺激联合非营养性吸吮对早产儿经口喂养的影响

目的:探讨母亲声音刺激联合非营养性吸吮对早产儿经口喂养的影响。方法:选取2018年1月至2018年12月间在本院新生儿科病房住院早产儿(200例)作为研究对象,随机分为对照组(70例)、研究组A(65例)、研究组B(65例)。对照组按照新生儿科常规管理,研究组A在常规管理基础上给予单纯母亲声音刺激,研究组B在常规管理、单纯母亲声音刺激基础上,给予非营养性吸允管理。比较各组的喂养进程、喂养表现、体质量增长情况、喂养不耐受评分。结果:研究组A、研究组B的完全经口喂养时的纠正胎龄(PMA)、过渡时间均明显短于对照组,且研究组B均明显短于研究组A,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组A、研究组B的开始经口喂养时喂养效率、完全经口喂养时喂养效率均明显高于对照组,且研究组B均明显高于研究组A,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组A、研究组B的完全经口喂养时体质量、出院时体质量均明显低于对照组,且研究组B均明显低于研究组A,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组B与对照组间的喂养不耐受评分情况差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:母亲声音刺激联合非营养性吸吮可促进早产儿经口喂养进程,改善经口喂养表现,减少喂养不耐受发生率,加快恢复至出生体质量的时间。     

祁连山部分地区山地景观格局空间幅度效应的研究

三元图能有效反应多种斑块类型对景观格局的影响, 依据“斑块-廊道-基质”模式, 比较各斑块类型对整个研究区的响应。选择祁连山100 km×100 km的某正方形区域为研究区并运用景观格局指数法对研究区的空间幅度效应进行研究, 同时得出研究区尺度依赖性的有效幅度和特征尺度。结果表明: (1)草地为整个研究区景观结构的基质, 其面积最大, 在整个景观中占绝对优势; (2)在斑块类型中, 裸地在整个研究区中起主导作用; (3)12 km和88 km是研究区的两个特征尺度, 88 km幅度为研究区尺度依赖性的有效幅度, 超过这一幅度范围, 无论景观要素, 还是景观指数都失去了尺度依赖性。研究通过对祁连山部分地区景观格局与尺度效应的分析可以了解研究区景观格局空间特征及分布规律, 为祁连山的规划与管理、生态建设提供参考依据。     

Molecular mechanical study of the stability of the Lys-Ala-Ala tripeptide dimer.

A molecular mechanical study of two Lys-Ala-Ala tripeptide chains in interaction is presented. The study was carried out to explore the feasibility of dimer formation and explain some features of the crystal structure not completely understood. The role of the counterions present in the crystal structure on the conformation has been included in this study by investigating the effect of removing the charges on the lysyl side chains. The results of the present molecular mechanical study explains well the structural features found by X-ray crystallography, complementing that study.     

Comparative evaluation of the diagnostic efficiency of interactive digital radiography and routine fluorography in screening examinations of the chest

The current trend for decreased exposure to medical ionizing radiation sources contributes to the introduction of novel technologies into radiation diagnosis. The aim of this study was to compare the informative value of interactive digital X-ray study and routine enlargement fluorography. The study covered 316 individual without the complaints typical of lung diseases. Three roentgenologists assessed X-ray images by 7 major signs. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the methods in question were defined. The final stage was the construction of routine operating curves (ROC). When there were diffuse changes in the lung, the sensitivity of interactive digital X-ray study was 14% higher. The higher informative value of interactive digital X-ray study is also attested by the higher position of a respective ROC. The fact that lung tissue function in combination with low radiation load may be estimated assumes the use of interactive digital X-ray study in patients with pneumosclerosis and emphysema.     

Two-stage design of quantal response studies

In a quantal response study, there may be insufficient knowledge of the response relationship for the stimulus (or dose) levels to be chosen properly. Information from such a study can be scanty or even unreliable. A two-stage design is proposed for such studies, which can determine whether and how a follow-up (i.e., second-stage) study should be conducted to select additional stimulus levels to compensate for the scarcity of information in the initial study. These levels are determined by using optimal design theory and are based on the fitted model from the data in the initial study. Its advantages are demonstrated using a fishery study.     

Chronopharmacological study of furosemide; (VIII) influence of feeding restriction

We have previously reported that a time-dependent variation is observed in the diuretic effect of furosemide and the light-dark cycle is a potent zeitgeber for this chronopharmacological phenomenon of the agent in rats. The present study was undertaken to examine whether a time of food intake is another zeitgeber for this event. In study I, rats were maintained with free access to food for 3 weeks. Furosemide (30 mg/kg) was given orally at 12 am or 12 pm. Urine was collected for 8 hours after the agent and urinary excretion of sodium and furosemide were determined. Thereafter, these rats were maintained under a daytime-restricted feeding schedule (9 am-11 am) for 3 weeks (study II) and a night-time-restricted feeding schedule (9 pm-11 pm) for 3 weeks (study III). The identical protocol of study I was repeated at the end of study II and III. Diuretic effect of furosemide and its urinary excretion were significantly greater at 12 am than at 12 pm in study I and III. However such an administration time-dependent change in the effect of furosemide and its urinary amount disappeared in study II. These data indicate that a time of food intake is another potent zeitgeber for the time-dependent variation in the diuretic effect of furosemide.     

Main achievements in the study of immunology of helminthiasis]

Analysis of available literature has shown a considerable progress in the research of the immunology of helminthoses during recent years. In the Soviet Union the study of this problem is carried out, though to a lesser extent, in the same directions as in other countries. They are as follows: 1. study of manifestation, degree of intensity and mechanisms of immunity; 2. study of antigenic structure of helminths as a basis for a purposeful search of methods of cleaning antigenes from ballast matters and criterium of taxonomy; 3. elaboration of methods for immunodiagnostics of helminthoses; 4. use of immunological methods for a study of epidemiology of helminthoses (seroepidemiology); 5. study of immunopathology.     

鸟类基因组核苷酸频数的进化模型

鸟类是四足类动物中最丰富的一类脊椎动物,本研究以12种鸟类的全基因组核苷酸序列数据为研究对象,建立核苷酸频数进化方程,研究了鸟类基因组核苷酸频数的进化机制和规律。通过拟合基因组数据确定了方程中的进化惯性参数、耗散参数和环境参数,估算出进化速率,得到了基因组长度随时间的演化曲线,解出了基因组在短时间内快速增加,信息快速积累,然后进入进化停滞阶段,核苷酸频数不再明显变化。本研究的方法为定量研究鸟类和一般物种的进化提供了新的思路。     

人类基因组及后基因组研究进展及其应用与开发研究现状

人类对自身基因组的研究,随着人类基因组工作草图的绘制完成和对基因功能研究的深入已加快进入了实质性、关键性的开发利用阶段。本文概述了人类基因组及后基因组的研究进展及依此开展基因治疗及基因（组）药物研制等应用开发研究的现状。     

Standardization of Biological Stains as a Problem of the Medical Department of the Army

Since government procurement necessitates comprehensive specifications entirely free from elements of personal equation, the study of dyestuffs for biological stain and therapeutic uses was undertaken in the Medical Department, U. S. Army, early in 1924. Work has been carried on since that time and specifications for the purchase of hematoxylin and eosin Y have been submitted. A number of other dyes have been studied, but the results to date indicate a complex problem which will probably require extensive research for its consummation. Spectrophotometric methods of study are being developed specially in this study and that instrument is being found specially valuable in the study of dyestuffs.     

Variability of the pathogenicity traits of populations of staphylococci in a surgical hospital

The results of the study of heterogeneity of staphylococcal populations at a surgical ward are presented. The study deals with qualitative and quantitative characteristics of three groups of pathogenicity factors: protease (the penetration factor), protein A (the function of protection from phagocytosis) and alpha-hemolysin (the toxic function). The study shows that the greatest number of S. aureus strains with a high content of protein A has been isolated from patients with postoperative and wound infections. On the basis of the data obtained in this study the groups of strains have been defined in accordance with the association of the signs of pathogenicity. These groups reflect pronounced heterogeneity of staphylococcal strains at a surgical ward.     

asr基因酵母双杂交系统的构建及筛选鉴定

为研究asr作用的分子机制,分析该基因表达产物在体内相互作用的靶蛋白,分别构建诱饵质粒载体和转基因拟南芥cDNA文库,通过转入酵母细胞中,初步的鉴定分析证实成功构建了诱饵质拉载体和拟南芥cDNA文库.构建的酵母双杂交系统为发现asr基因表达产物在体内相互作用的靶蛋白奠定了基础.     

Application of proteomics in the mechanistic study of traditional Chinese medicine

Systems biology is considered to be the possible technology that could bring breakthroughs in the study of TCM (traditional Chinese medicine). Proteomics, as one of the major components of systems biology, has been used in the mechanistic study of TCM, providing some interesting results. In the present paper, we review the current application of proteomics in the mechanistic study of TCM. Proteomics technologies and strategies that might be used in the future to improve study of TCM are also discussed.     

Effects of allopurinol on beer-induced increases in plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of purine bases (uric acid, hypoxanthine, and xanthine).

To determine the effects of allopurinol on beer-induced increases in plasma and urinary excretion of purine bases (hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid), we performed three experiments on five healthy study participants. In the first experiment (combination study), the participants ingested beer (10 ml/kg body weight) eleven hours after taking allopurinol (300 mg). In the second experiment (beer-only study), the same participants ingested beer (10 ml/kg body weight) alone, while in the third experiment (allopurinol-only study), they took allopurinol (300 mg) alone. There was a two-week interval between each of the studies. Beer-induced increases in plasma concentration and urinary excretion of hypoxanthine in the combination study were markedly higher than those in the beer-only study. On the other hand, the sum of increases in plasma concentrations of purine bases in the beer-only study was greater than in the combination study, whereas the increase in plasma uridine concentration in the combination study did not differ from the beer-only study. In addition, allopurinol administration inhibited the beer-induced increase in plasma concentration of uric acid. These results suggest that abrupt adenine nucleotide degradation may increase plasma concentration and urinary excretion of hypoxanthine under conditions of low xanthine dehydrogenase activity, which is mostly ascribable to allopurinol. Further, the difference in the sum of increases in plasma concentrations of purine bases between the combination study and beer-only study was largely ascribable to a greater increase in urinary excretion of hypoxanthine in the combination study. In addition, allopurinol intake seems to be effective in controlling the rapid increase in plasma uric acid caused by ingestion of alcoholic beverages.     

生物信息学在毒理基因组学研究中的应用

毒理基因组学主要在基因组水平上研究机体对环境因子的应答反应,了解基因和环境交互作用在疾病发生中的作用。生物信息学与毒理基因组学研究的结合为环境与健康研究开辟了新的方法。本文对毒理基因组学的研究手段、意义及面临的挑战,生物信息学在毒理基因组学研究中的作用以及存在的问题和展望进行了综述。     

橡子研究概况

本文论述了橡子的研究概况，包括各主要研究国家和方向，以及橡子中各主要成分的研究介绍。     

Summary of a Canadian Study of Smoking and Health

The object of this study was to investigate the relationship between residence, occupation and smoking habits, and mortality from chronic diseases, particularly lung cancer. It was a prospective study, initiated by a questionnaire sent to Canadian veteran pension recipients. The study was based on the replies of 78,000 males and 14,000 females, together with data on the deaths occurring among these respondents over a six-year follow-up period—July 1, 1956 to January 30, 1962.The outstanding finding of this study was that cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers had excessive mortality, particularly from heart and circulatory diseases, lung cancer, and bronchitis and emphysema. The mortality ratios for heart and circulatory diseases were elevated even for those who smoked cigarettes less than five years, and remained relatively constant as the duration of smoking increased. The mortality ratios for lung cancer increased markedly as the duration of smoking increased. A small excess in mortality was noted among urban residents. An association between cause of death and occupation was not evident in this study.Findings based on the data on smoking collected in this study were incorporated into the Report of the U.S. Surgeon-General''s Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health.     

猪精液冷冻保存影响因素的研究进展及展望

由于在经济生产中的重要意义,猪精液冷冻保存技术成为研究的焦点。早期的研究多集中在对冷冻保护剂和冷冻方法的筛选与优化上,为猪精液冷冻保存进行了深入的探索。但研究表明,无论采用何种冷冻保护剂、何种冷冻方法都损害了精子的受精能力,并伴随有蛋白质的丢失、表达量的改变、功能活性的增减等,这种研究现状迫使该领域的研究向充分揭示冷冻对精子损伤的机理方向转移,希望通过揭示冷冻保存所导致的蛋白质结构和功能改变的实质,充分阐明冷冻损伤的机理,为猪精液冷冻保存提供理论依据,并最终促进猪精液冷冻保存技术的快速发展。     

从系统动物学的诞生和发展探讨现代动物学研究的特点

新技术新理论的不断发展推动着系统动物学的诞生,其迅速发展也说明了动物学领域宏观研究和微观研究在更高程度上相互渗透的特点。     

The Main Directions of Studies in Evolutionary Immunology

The main directions in evolutionary immunology include: (1) study of phylogenetic relationships between nonspecific (innate) and specific (acquired, or adaptive) immunity; (2) study of the phenomena of graft rejection in a phylogenetic series; (3) study of occurrence and historical development of T- and B-systems of immunity; (4) study of phylogeny of different cell types of the immune system; and (5) study of historical development of the ability to specifically recognize foreign antigenic material. Because many problems of evolutionary immunology remain unsolved, studies in this field will be continued.