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1.
为了检验力竭性运动锻炼和饥饿是否对南方鲇Silurus meridonalis Chen维持能量消耗和无氧代谢能力产生影响,在25℃条件下测定了维持日粮(1.5%body mass per day)和饥饿条件下南方鲇15d力竭性锻炼(5min chasing)和随后5d恢复过程静止代谢率(VO2rest)和运动后过量耗氧(Excess post-exercise VO2,EPOC)的变化.另外两组非锻炼组分别作为摄食和饥饿对照组.实验过程中摄食和饥饿对照组VO2rest显著下降(P＜0.05),而摄食和饥饿对照组经过15d的锻炼显著上升(P＜0.05).经过5d的恢复2锻炼组VO2rest显著下降与对照组无显著差异.摄食和饥饿对照组力竭运动后代谢率峰值(VO2peak)在实验过程中显著下降(P＜0.05),而摄食和饥饿锻炼组经过15d没有显著变化.锻炼取消后2锻炼组VO2peak显著下降至对照组水平.各锻炼组和对照组间过量耗氧均无显著差异.实验提示:(1)锻炼导致VO2rest和VO2peak显著提高,但影响可塑性大,5d恢复期后影响消失;(2)锻炼导致力竭运动后代谢恢复速率加快,5d恢复期后锻炼影响依然存在;(3)对饥饿和摄食组,锻炼的生理影响相似,但饥饿组VO2rest对锻炼更为敏感. 相似文献
2.
为了考察无氧运动训练和停训对两栖动物运动能力及其能量代谢特征的影响, 将实验对象大鲵(
3.
Won-Sang Jung Hun-Young Park Sung-Woo Kim Jisu Kim Hyejung Hwang Kiwon Lim 《Journal of Exercise Nutrition & Biochemistry》2021,25(1):35
[Purpose]This pilot study aimed to develop a regression model to estimate the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of Korean adults using various easy-to-measure dependent variables.[Methods]The EPOC and dependent variables for its estimation (e.g., sex, age, height, weight, body mass index, fat-free mass [FFM], fat mass, % body fat, and heart rate_sum [HR_sum]) were measured in 75 healthy adults ( 31 males, 44 females). Statistical analysis was performed to develop an EPOC estimation regression model using the stepwise regression method.[Results]We confirmed that FFM and HR_sum were important variables in the EPOC regression models of various exercise types. The explanatory power and standard errors of estimates (SEE) for EPOC of each exercise type were as follows: the continuous exercise (CEx) regression model was 86.3% (R2) and 85.9% (adjusted R2), and the mean SEE was 11.73 kcal, interval exercise (IEx) regression model was 83.1% (R2) and 82.6% (adjusted R2), while the mean SEE was 13.68 kcal, and the accumulation of short-duration exercise (AEx) regression models was 91.3% (R2) and 91.0% (adjusted R2), while the mean SEE was 27.71 kcal. There was no significant difference between the measured EPOC using a metabolic gas analyzer and the predicted EPOC for each exercise type.[Conclusion]This pilot study developed a regression model to estimate EPOC in healthy Korean adults. The regression model was as follows: CEx = -37.128 + 1.003 × (FFM) + 0.016 × (HR_sum), IEx = -49.265 + 1.442 × (FFM) + 0.013 × (HR_sum), and AEx = -100.942 + 2.209 × (FFM) + 0.020 × (HR_sum). 相似文献
4.
为了探讨体重对中华倒刺鲃能量代谢和热耐受特征的影响,在25℃条件下分别测定不同体重大小(1、10、25、>50 g组)中华倒刺鲃的静止代谢率(Resting metabolic rate,RMR)、力竭运动后过量耗氧(Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption,EPOC)和热耐受参数。随体重的增加,中华倒刺鲃个体RMR、最大代谢率(Maximum metabolic rate,MMR)、代谢空间(Metabolic scope,MS)和EPOC均显著增加(P<0.05);单位体重RMR、MMR和MS则均显著降低,而单位体重EPOC随体重的增加显著增加(P<0.05)。RMR、MMR、MS和EPOC的代谢尺度指数分别为0.796、0.834、0.849和1.137且显著大于2/3,因此中华倒刺鲃的能量代谢参数均呈异速度增加的关系而变化。这些变化可能与其个体变大游泳运动能力增强导致能量代谢需求增加相关。中华倒刺鲃临界低温(Critical thermal minimum,CTmin)和致死低温(Lethal the... 相似文献
5.
The two morphotypes (leiurus and trachurus) of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus , caught at the same location and time in the River Scheldt (Belgium), were investigated for physiological differences in swimming capacity and energetics associated with migration. Critical and optimal swimming speeds, maximum speed and gait-transition speed were significantly higher for the trachurus type. Standard metabolic rate and active metabolic rate were also higher for trachurus, as was scope for activity. Energy stores (protein, lipid and glycogen in liver and white muscle) were mostly similar in the two types, but lipids in trachurus liver tissue were significantly higher. 相似文献
6.
为了考察摄食水平对两栖动物运动能力及其能量代谢特征的影响, 选取大鲵(Andrias davidianus )幼体为实验对象, 分别测定其在不同摄食水平(0、1%、4%和10%体重)下的感应流速(Induced velocity)、暴发游泳速度(Burst swimming speed)和力竭运动后过量耗氧(Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, EPOC)。研究发现: 在不同摄食水平下, 大鲵幼体绝对和相对感应流速(分别为20.78、21.52、23.67、21.79 cm/s和2.4、2.49、2.77、2.56 bl/s)及绝对和相对暴发游泳速度(分别为32.65、32.92、35.42、33.02 cm/s和3.80、3.81、4.15、3.85 bl/s)没有显著性差异; 随着摄食水平的增加, 运动前代谢率[分别为66.88、82.51、95.57和106.32 mg O2/(kg·h)]和运动后代谢峰值[分别为148.21、155.08、166.93和167.63 mg O2/(kg·h)]逐步增加, 4%和10%摄食水平组显著高于对照组(P <0.05); 随着摄食水平的增加, 代谢率增量[分别为81.33、72.57、71.36和61.31 mg O2/(kg·h)]、峰值比率(分别为2.26、1.89、1.76和1.58)、运动后恢复时间(分别为55.00min、49.60min、38.80min和32.10min)和过量耗氧(分别为27.48、23.68、21.42和15.36 mg O2/kg)逐步降低, 4%和10%摄食水平组显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。综上所述: 大鲵幼体游泳能力相对较小且不受摄食的影响, 在其野外栖息地保护和增殖放流生境流速选择等实践中应充分考虑。摄食后大鲵幼体游泳能力的维持、有氧代谢能力的增加和力竭运动后恢复时间的缩短可能有利于大鲵幼体的捕食和避敌活动, 有助于适应复杂的溪流生境, 进而提高其生存适合度。 相似文献
7.
Previous results show that juvenile shortnose sturgeon are steady swimmers and, compared with salmonids, generally have low critical swimming (UCrit) and endurance swimming capacities. Most studies on swimming capacities of sturgeon, and other fishes, include those where fish have only been swum once and the metrics of swimming performance are assessed (e.g., time swum, speed achieved). Under natural conditions, there are ample instances where fish undergo multiple swimming cycles when traversing fish ways, culverts and other sources of fast water flow. While some evidence exists for salmonids, the effects of repeat swimming are not well known for sturgeon. The current study consisted of two experiments. The first examined the UCrit of juvenile shortnose sturgeon following three consecutive swimming trials with a 30 min recovery period between subsequent tests. The second examined the endurance swimming capacities of juvenile shortnose sturgeon following three consecutive swimming trials with a 60 min recovery period between subsequent tests. Our findings indicate that (i) UCrit was consistent (~2 body lengths/s) among swimming trials; (ii) significant individual variation exists between individuals in the endurance swimming trials; and (iii) consistent results exist for individuals across swimming trials in both the UCrit and the endurance swimming tests. These results suggest that juvenile shortnose sturgeon have a high recovery capacity, and their behaviour and morphology likely reflect aspects of their swimming capacities. 相似文献
8.
Farrell AP 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2007,362(1487):2017-2030
A prolonged swimming trial is the most common approach in studying steady-state changes in oxygen uptake, cardiac output and tissue oxygen extraction as a function of swimming speed in salmonids. The data generated by these sorts of studies are used here to support the idea that a maximum oxygen uptake is reached during a critical swimming speed test. Maximum oxygen uptake has a temperature optimum. Potential explanations are advanced to explain why maximum aerobic performance falls off at high temperature. The valuable information provided by critical swimming tests can be confounded by non-steady-state swimming behaviours, which typically occur with increasing frequency as salmonids approach fatigue. Two major concerns are noted. Foremost, measurements of oxygen uptake during swimming can considerably underestimate the true cost of transport near critical swimming speed, apparently in a temperature-dependent manner. Second, based on a comparison with voluntary swimming ascents in a raceway, forced swimming trials in a swim tunnel respirometer may underestimate critical swimming speed, possibly because fish in a swim tunnel respirometer are unable to sustain a ground speed. 相似文献
9.
Xiu-Ming Li Shi-Jian Fu Xiao-Jin Li Hua Zheng Jiang-Lan Peng Wei Wei 《Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology》2018,51(2):79-91
The effects of meal size on the postprandial metabolic response and of digestion on the post-exercise metabolic recovery process were investigated in juvenile black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) . Experimental fish were forcedly fed with compound feed (meal sizes: 0.5%, 1% and 2% body weight). Then, the postprandial oxygen consumption rate and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of the experimental fish were measured. Both the duration and the peak of oxygen consumption rate (PMR) increased with increasing meal size. The peak post-exercise metabolic rate of digesting fish were significantly higher, whereas EPOC magnitude and its duration were significantly smaller or (shorter) than those in the fasting fish. It is suggested that (1) this fish fulfills the increased energy demand during the digestive process by increasing PMR and by prolonging SDA duration with increasing meal size and (2) digesting fish might decrease their anaerobic exhaustive activity but increase the post-exercise recovery capacity. 相似文献
10.
A. P. Farrell† C. G. Lee K. Tierney A. Hodaly S. Clutterham M. Healey‡ S. Hinch§ A. Lotto§ 《Journal of fish biology》2003,62(1):64-84
Novel field measurements of critical swimming speed ( U crit ) and oxygen uptake ( M o2 ) in three species of adult Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. up to 3·5 kg in body mass were made using two newly designed, mobile Brett-type swim tunnel respirometers sited at a number of field locations in British Columbia, Canada. Measurements of U crit , which ranged from 1· 68 to 2·17 body lengths s−1 , and maximum M o2 , which ranged from 8·74 to 12·63 mg O2 kg−1 min−1 depending on the species and field location, were judged to be of similar quality when compared with available data for laboratory-based studies. Therefore high quality respirometry studies were possible in the field using adult wild swimming salmonids. In addition, the recovery of wild adult Pacific salmon from the exhaustive U crit swim test was sufficiently rapid that swimming performance could be repeated with <1 h of recovery time between the termination of the initial swim test and the start of the second test. Moreover, this repeat swimming performance was possible without routine M o2 being reestablished. This result suggests that wild adult salmon are capable of carrying a moderate excess post-exercise oxygen consumption without adversely affecting U crit , maximum M o2 or swimming economy. Such capabilities may be extremely important for timely migratory passages when salmonids face repetitive hydraulic challenges on their upstream migration. 相似文献
11.
以‘卫士’和‘部野丁’为砧木,以‘赤峰特选’为接穂进行嫁接,在光照培养箱内对甜椒自根苗和嫁接苗进行低温(8 ℃/ 5℃)弱光(100 μmol·m-2·s-1)处理,处理7 d后在正常条件（25 ℃/18 ℃,PFD 550～600 μmol·m-2·s-1）下恢复3 d,研究低温弱光下甜椒嫁接苗和自根苗气体交换参数、羧化效率和荧光参数等的变化.结果表明：低温弱光胁迫3 d时,甜椒幼苗叶片的光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和羧化效率（CE）均下降50%以上,之后Pn、Gs趋于平稳,CE持续下降;胞间CO2浓度（Ci）呈先下降后上升趋势.低温弱光下,甜椒幼苗的暗下最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光下实际光化学效率（ФPSⅡ）及电子传递速率（ETR）显著降低,初始荧光(Fo)有所升高,表明其光合机构受到一定伤害,但处理结束3 d后基本恢复.与自根苗相比,嫁接苗在各处理阶段的Pn、Gs、CE、ФPSⅡ、Fv/Fm和ETR都有不同程度的提高,Fo明显降低.可见,嫁接可显著提高甜椒幼苗的光合功能,减轻低温弱光对其光合作用的影响. 相似文献
12.
为了探讨有氧运动训练和摄食对中华倒刺鲃（Spinibarbus sinensis）幼鱼力竭运动后代谢特征的影响,在（25±0.5）℃条件下,将120尾实验鱼[体重（21.35±0.05）g,体长（10.21±0.03）cm]随机分成4组,即:对照组、1、2和4 BL/s（体长/秒,body length/s）训练组,分别放置于不同流速下处理8周。随后测定各实验组心脏和鳃指数以及禁食或摄食（轻度麻醉灌喂体重1.5%的饵料）状态下的力竭运动后过量耗氧。结果发现:4 BL/s训练组的心脏和鳃指数都显著高于其他实验组（P < 0.05）;无论摄食与否,3个训练组运动前代谢率都显著高于对照组（P=0.001）,而各实验组过量耗氧均没有显著差异;在禁食状态下,仅4 BL/s训练组的运动代谢峰值和代谢率增量显著高于对照组,而在摄食状态下,3个训练组的运动代谢峰值和代谢率增量均显著高于对照组（P < 0.005）。与禁食组相比,摄食导致各处理组的运动前代谢率显著上升（P < 0.001）,但对运动代谢峰值没有显著影响;另外,摄食对照组代谢率增量和力竭运动后过量耗氧显著低于禁食对照组（P < 0.05）。研究表明:（1）有氧运动训练显著提高了中华倒刺鲃幼鱼的有氧代谢能力,这可能与其呼吸和循环系统功能的改善有关;（2）力竭运动能够诱导出中华倒刺鲃幼鱼的最大有氧代谢率;（3）摄食削弱了中华倒刺鲃幼鱼无氧代谢能力。 相似文献
13.
Post-exercise metabolic rate in Atlantic cod and its dependence upon the method of exhaustion 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study tests whether or not post-exercise oxygen consumption rates ( M o2 ) in fish are dependent upon how exhaustion is induced. A group of eight Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) were each exercised using (1) a critical swimming speed ( U crit ) protocol, (2) an exercise protocol designed to measure anaerobic capacity of fish ( U burst ), and (3) a protocol in which the fish were chased to exhaustion manually. M o2 was measured for a 2-h period following exhaustion induced by all three exercise regimes ( U crit , U burst and chase). Post-exercise M o2 following exhaustion from the U burst and chase protocols were significantly higher than post-exercise M o2 following the U crit protocol. Each fish during the U crit protocol exhibited maximal M o2 during exercise rather than during recovery, yet 75% of the fish during U brust recovery and 100% during chase recovery exhibited M o2 higher than that measured during U crit exercise. These results, as well as the large interindividual variations in M o2 among the eight fish, show that post-exhaustion M o2 is specific to the exercise regime employed, thus, investigators must exercise caution when combining results from different exercise protocols and/or individuals. 相似文献
14.
L. Nendick A. Grant M. Gardner M. Sackville C. J. Brauner A. P. Farrell 《Journal of fish biology》2009,75(7):1626-1638
Swimming performance was assessed in juvenile pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (body mass <5·0 g) using five different protocols: four constant acceleration tests each with a different acceleration profile (rates of 0·005, 0·011, 0·021 and 0·053 cm s?2) and a repeated ramped‐critical swimming speed test. Regardless of the swim protocol, the final swimming speeds did not differ significantly (P > 0·05) among swim tests and ranged from 4·54 to 5·20 body lengths s?1. This result supports the hypothesis that at an early life stage, O. gorbuscha display the same fatigue speeds independent of the swimming test utilized. Whole body and plasma [Na+] and [Cl?] measured at the conclusion of these tests were significantly elevated when compared with control values (P < 0·05) and appear to be predominantly associated with dehydration rather than net ion gain. Given this finding for a small salmonid, estimates of swim performance can be accurately measured with acceleration tests lasting <10 min, allowing a more rapid processing than is possible with a longer critical swim speed test. 相似文献
15.
Decreased critical swimming speed and increased oxygen consumption ( ) was found for externally tagged Atlantic cod Gadus morhua swimming at a high speed of 0·9 body length (total length, L T ) s−1 . No difference was found in the standard metabolic rate, indicating that the higher for tagged cod was due to drag force rather than increased costs to keep buoyancy. 相似文献
16.
为探讨运动训练和停训对鲈鲤Percocypris pingi幼鱼运动能力的影响,将480尾(体质量为2.18g±0.12g,体长为5.33cm±0.09cm)鲈鲤幼鱼随机分为4组(每组120尾):对照组(C)、无氧训练组(An)、4BL·s^-1组(BL为体长)(H)和2BL·s^-1组(L)(H组和L组每天均训练8h),在15℃±2℃条件下持续训练30d后停训。分别在训练前(T0)、训练30d后(T30)、停训20d后(DT20)和停训50d后(DT50)测定鲈鲤幼鱼的临界游泳速度(Ucrit)和1.5Ucrit条件下的耐受时间。结果显示:(1)持续运动训练显著提高了鲈鲤幼鱼的有氧和无氧运动能力,而力竭运动训练只提高了鲈鲤幼鱼的无氧运动能力;(2)停训20d后,L组的Ucrit显著高于An组和C组,An组、H组和C组间的差异无统计学意义,而An组和H组的耐受时间仍显著高于对照组,L组和C组间的差异无统计学意义;(3)停训50d后,实验组和C组间Ucrit和耐受时间的差异均无统计学意义。因此,运动训练显著提高了鲈鲤幼鱼的有氧和无氧运动能力,但不同训练方式的提升效果及其维持时间不同。 相似文献
17.
研究通过对岩原鲤仔鱼在饥饿和再投喂条件下其生存、生长率、RNA/DNA和RNA/蛋白质比率的测定,评估了仔鱼对饥饿的耐受能力和恢复能力。在(19.5±0.5)℃水温下,将岀膜后第16天的岩原鲤仔鱼随机分成6个组:1个持续投饲对照组,实验组分别禁食1、2、3、4、5d后再投喂,实验共进行10d。每天分别从各组取9尾鱼测定体重、体长、RNA、DNA、蛋白质含量。实验结果显示,饥饿处理组仔鱼存活率和以上各项生长指标均随饥饿时间的增加而下降,在恢复投喂后均表现不同程度的补偿生长,其中饥饿1、2、3d的仔鱼在恢复投喂后显示出完全补偿生长,几乎弥补了饥饿所产生的影响,平均终体重与对照组比较无显著差异。饥饿4、5d的仔鱼显示部分补偿生长,恢复投喂只少量减轻了饥饿的影响,平均终体重与对照组相比存在显著差异。饥饿1、2、3d的仔鱼和4、5d的仔鱼在恢复投喂后分别需要1—2d和4d时间才能达到与对照组无显著差异水平。仔鱼生长率变动范围从0.59%到8.00%WW/day,仔鱼RNA/DNA比率、RNA/蛋白质比率与生长率的回归方程为:GR=3.63RNA/DNA 1.74(R2=0.80)和GR=120.14RNA/Protein 2.33(R2=0.31),两种比率均与生长率呈显著线性相关,RNA/DNA比率对生长变化的拟合度更好。结果表明,仔鱼阶段食物缺乏很可能是影响岩原鲤仔鱼存活、生长的主要因素。RNA/DNA更适合作为评定岩原鲤仔鱼营养条件和生长的指标。 相似文献
18.
Y. Hou L. Cai X. Wang X. Chen D. Zhu D. Johnson X. Shi 《Journal of fish biology》2018,92(6):2022-2028
A series of stepped velocity tests were carried out in a Brett‐type swimming respirometer and the overall range in swimming performance for 12 Schizothoracinae species was measured. The relative critical swimming speed Ucrit and burst speed Uburst decreased with body length, while absolute Ucrit and Uburst increased with body length. Ucrit increased with temperature up to approximately 15° C and then decreased. Species with a high Ucrit also displayed a higher Uburst. 相似文献
19.
Does pregnancy affect swimming performance of female Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
I. Plaut† 《Functional ecology》2002,16(3):290-295
20.
Y. Tang J. A. Nelson S. P. Reidy S. R. Kerr † R. G. Boutilier 《Journal of fish biology》1994,44(1):1-10
Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) were forced to swim in a swim tunnel respirometer until fatigued; oxygen consumption rate (O2 ) was measured during swimming at incremental speeds until the fish was exhausted and during recovery from exhaustion. Maximal oxygen consumption (O2max ) occurred during maximal activity as has been found for other fish species, but at odds with the current paradigm for Atlantic cod. Earlier experiments had drawn the conclusion that O2max in Atlantic cod occurs during recovery from exhaustive exercise. We found no support for this paradigm in our experiments and we propose that the respiratory physiology of Atlantic cod is not unlike that of other fishes. 相似文献