首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
    
Global warming is expected to cause several modifications to physical environments, and sea level rise is a certain outcome. However, assessment of the potential impacts caused by sea level rise on biodiversity is still emerging. Therefore, we assessed the combined impact of global warming and sea level rise on the potential distribution of 19 coastal lowland anurans in the biodiversity hotspot Atlantic Forest. We applied a correlative species distribution model (SDM) (BIOCLIM) and GIS-based spatial analyses. We evaluated the extent of changes of potential distributions under extreme and moderate global warming scenarios as well as two extreme sea level rise scenarios. Our results suggest wide areas of suitable habitat for most species in the future. However, for 15% of these species the SDMs predict massive losses of range extent as a result of a combination of global warming and sea level rise. Such observations highlight an immediate need to consider the potential effects of sea level rise in conservation action plans. Since the current potential distribution of these anuran species is likely underestimated, we also analyzed their environmental niche under current conditions in order to provide a baseline for further field surveys. Considering this current state of knowledge for such species, species distribution modeling to help gather further information on unknown species is desirable.  相似文献   

2.
在全球气候变暖及人为干扰等因素影响下,许多野生动物因生境退化和丧失而濒临灭绝。为了探讨未来全球气候变暖背景下白唇鹿适宜生境的分布格局及保护状况,基于491个白唇鹿分布位点,利用GIS和Maxent模型模拟预测了SSP1-2.6和SSP5-8.5共享社会经济路径下全球气候变化对白唇鹿在2040年(2021-2040)和2100年(2081-2100)潜在适宜生境分布并对其保护空缺进行了评价,并利用受试者曲线和刀切法对模型模拟结果有效性进行评价。结果表明在两种共享社会经济路径下,从2021到2100年期间:(1)影响白唇鹿潜在适宜生境分布的关键环境因子是植被类型、最暖季均温和最热月最高温和海拔;(2)白唇鹿潜在适宜生境面积总体呈下降趋势,分布格局变化明显的区域主要集中在西藏南部、三江并流区以及青海、四川和甘肃交界带;(3)白唇鹿潜在适宜生境平均海拔上升,质心向高纬度移动;(4)在SSP1-2.6共享社会经济路径下,白唇鹿2040年和2100年位于中国生态屏障区、国家级和地方级自然保护区之内的潜在适宜生境的平均最高和最低比例分别为76.11%和26.92%,而在SSP5-8.5共享社会经济路径下的分别是69.41%和69.34%。本研究揭示了全球气候变暖主要通过对青藏高原暖季的增温效应影响白唇鹿潜在适宜生境,最高达到73.08%的潜在适宜生境还处于保护空缺区域。全球经济发展尽早进入可持续发展模式和对保护空缺区域进行保护地规划与建设将对未来生物多样性保护具有重要意义。  相似文献   

3.
    
The small mammalian fauna plays pivotal roles in ecosystem dynamics and as crucial biodiversity indicators. However, recent research has raised concerns about the decline of mammalian species due to climate change. Consequently, significant attention is directed toward studying various big flagship mammalian species for conservation. However, small mammals such as the hog badgers (Mustelidae: Arctonyx) remain understudied regarding the impacts of climate change in Asia. The present study offers a comprehensive analysis of climate change effects on two mainland hog badger species, utilizing ensemble species distribution modeling. Findings reveal concerning outcomes, as only 52% of the IUCN extent is deemed suitable for the Great Hog Badger (Arctonyx collaris) and a mere 17% is ideal for the Northern Hog Badger (Arctonyx albogularis). Notably, projections suggest a potential reduction of over 26% in suitable areas for both species under future climate scenarios, with the most severe decline anticipated in the high-emission scenario of SSP585. These declines translate into evident habitat fragmentation, particularly impacting A. collaris, whose patches shrink substantially, contrasting with the relatively stable patches of A. albogularis. However, despite their differences, niche overlap analysis reveals an intriguing increase in overlap between the two species, indicating potential ecological shifts. The study underscores the importance of integrating climate change and habitat fragmentation considerations into conservation strategies, urging a reassessment of the IUCN status of A. albogularis. The insights gained from this research are crucial for improving protection measures by ensuring adequate legal safeguards and maintaining ecological corridors between viable habitat patches, which are essential for the conservation of hog badgers across mainland Asia. Furthermore, emphasizing the urgency of proactive efforts, particularly in countries with suitable habitats can help safeguard these small mammalian species and their ecosystems from the detrimental impacts of climate change.  相似文献   

4.
    
There is increasing evidence that climate change shifts species distributions towards poles and mountain tops. However, most studies are based on presence–absence data, and either abundance or the observation effort has rarely been measured. In addition, hardly any studies have investigated the direction of shifts and factors affecting them. Here, we show using count data on a 1000 km south–north gradient in Finland, that between 1970–1989 and 2000–2012, 128 bird species shifted their densities, on average, 37 km towards the north north‐east. The species‐specific directions of the shifts in density were significantly explained by migration behaviour and habitat type. Although the temperatures have also moved on average towards the north north‐east (186 km), the species‐specific directions of the shifts in density and temperature did not correlate due to high variation in density shifts. Findings highlight that climate change is unlikely the only driver of the direction of species density shifts, but species‐specific characteristics and human land‐use practices are also influencing the direction. Furthermore, the alarming results show that former climatic conditions in the north‐west corner of Finland have already moved out of the country. This highlights the need for an international approach in research and conservation actions to mitigate the impacts of climate change.  相似文献   

5.
6.
2013年1月和2014年1月对湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区内5个大鲵栖息地河段进行了大型无脊椎动物采样调查.结果表明: 2次采样分别鉴定出大型无脊椎动物73和78个分类单元,隶属5门8纲16目,均以水生昆虫为优势类群,分别占总分类单元总数的90.4%和89.7%;2次采样大型无脊椎动物平均密度分别为1610.4和1671.4 ind·m-2,平均生物量分别为11.22和12.34 g·m-2. 2次调查各采样点大型无脊椎动物Shannon指数平均值分别为2.45和2.33,Margalef丰富度指数平均值分别为4.01和3.76,Pielou均匀度指数平均值分别为0.72和0.69,表明大鲵栖息地河段生境质量有所下降.张家界大鲵栖息地河段大型无脊椎动物丰度-生物量曲线分析表明,骡子塔和芭茅溪采样点河段生境受到中等扰动,七眼泉为受干扰最轻微的河段.基于大型无脊椎动物密度的Bray-Curtis相似性系数的NMDS分析结果显示,在40%的相似度下,2013年各样点都可以较好地聚在一起,2014年各样点较为离散. 对各采样点在NMDS第一轴和第二轴上的得分与环境因子的Spearman相关性分析表明,河宽、铵态氮、海拔、化学需氧量和五日生化需要量与大型无脊椎动物显著相关.保护区内大鲵栖息地生境整体上仍相对良好,可以满足大鲵的生态需求,但保护区的某些区域人为破坏较重.建议采取严格的管理制度和科学的保护措施来遏制人为破坏,并逐步恢复大鲵栖息生境.  相似文献   

7.
张家界大鲵生境特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
罗庆华 《应用生态学报》2009,20(7):1723-1730
2006—2008年的7—8月,对湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区境内大鲵栖息河段及其洞穴特征、水质和饵料生物资源进行了实地观测和取样分析,研究了该保护区野生大鲵的生境特征.结果表明:研究区大鲵栖息河段海拔适中,在(373±97) m,河宽与河深均较小,分别为(6.39±2.13) m和(1.07±0.53) m;河段底质均为石质性结构,多为卵石或礁石,河床多为不规则型,河岸多为石壁;两岸植被类型多为灌木丛,植被覆盖度(>50% )与坡度[(58±17)°]均较大;研究河段的水流速较大,在(0.33±0.08) m·s-1,且人为干扰较弱.研究区大鲵栖息地的洞穴数量较多,达(4±2)个·100 m-1,洞穴中水的流速较小,在(0.22±0.10) m·s-1.大鲵栖息处水质溶解氧较高,为(7.23±0.85) mg·L-1,化学耗氧量与总氮含量均较低,分别为(4.00±2.51)和(0.11±0.15) mg·L-1,总硬度适中,为(137.16±67.69) mg·L-1,大肠菌群较少,为(3419±3407) ind·L-1.对研究区大鲵种群数量影响最大的饵料生物是蟹,其次为虾.  相似文献   

8.
大鲵保护生物学及其研究进展   总被引:42,自引:0,他引:42  
大鲵(Andrias davidianus)为我国特有的珍稀两栖动物,已列入国家二级保护动物名录,并列入CITES公约附录Ⅰ中。自20世纪50年代起,由于过度收购、非法捕杀和栖息地丧失等原因,大鲵种群数量下降极为严重,湖南、安徽等地的大鲵产量在20世纪50年代至70年代下降超过80%,分布区也极度萎缩,形成了12块岛屿状区域,目前分布于以我国中部山区的长江流域为主的17个省区。部分已建立的大鲵保护区经费短缺,人员不足,管理不力,状况不容乐观。非法捕捉和栖息地丧失仍是威胁大鲵生存的主要因素,保护管理力度还需进一步加强。  相似文献   

9.
    
Climate change is driving range shifts, and a lack of cold tolerance is hypothesized to constrain insect range expansion at poleward latitudes. However, few, if any, studies have tested this hypothesis during autumn when organisms are subjected to sporadic low‐temperature exposure but may not have become cold‐tolerant yet. In this study, we integrated organismal thermal tolerance measures into species distribution models for larvae of the Giant Swallowtail butterfly, Papilio cresphontes (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), living at the northern edge of its actively expanding range. Cold hardiness of field‐collected larvae was determined using three common metrics of cold‐induced physiological thresholds: the supercooling point, critical thermal minimum, and survival following cold exposure. Pcresphontes larvae were determined to be tolerant of chilling but generally die at temperatures below their SCP, suggesting they are chill‐tolerant or modestly freeze‐avoidant. Using this information, we examined the importance of low temperatures at a broad scale, by comparing species distribution models of Pcresphontes based only on environmental data derived from other sources to models that also included the cold tolerance parameters generated experimentally. Our modeling revealed that growing degree‐days and precipitation best predicted the distribution of Pcresphontes, while the cold tolerance variables did not explain much variation in habitat suitability. As such, the modeling results were consistent with our experimental results: Low temperatures in autumn are unlikely to limit the distribution of Pcresphontes. Understanding the factors that limit species distributions is key to predicting how climate change will drive species range shifts.  相似文献   

10.
气候变化情景下物种适宜生境预测研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
气候变化能够引起物种分布范围、生物物候等一系列生态现象和过程的变化,进而加速物种灭绝的速率。气候变化被认为是21世纪全球生物多样性面临的最主要威胁之一,将给未来的生物多样性保护工作带来严峻的挑战。利用物种分布模型预测气候变化情景下物种适宜生境的变化正成为当前的研究热点。本研究总结目前气候变化情景下物种适宜生境预测的最新方法及取得的主要成果。在研究方法上,多物种分布模型、多气候情景基础上的集合预测方法正成为目前研究采用的主要手段;在研究结果上,未来气候变化将有可能导致物种适宜生境面积减少,范围向高纬度、高海拔地区移动。最后本研究指出目前气候变化情景下物种适宜生境预测研究中存在的主要不足及今后的发展方向。  相似文献   

11.
The Mediterranean Sea is a hotspot of biodiversity, and climate warming is expected to have a significant influence on its endemic fish species. However, no previous studies have predicted whether fish species will experience geographic range extensions or contractions as a consequence of warming. Here, we projected the potential future climatic niches of 75 Mediterranean Sea endemic fish species based on a global warming scenario implemented with the Mediterranean model OPAMED8 and a multimodel inference, which included uncertainty. By 2070–2099, the average surface temperature of the Mediterranean Sea was projected to warm by 3.1 °C. Projections for 2041–2060 are that 25 species would qualify for the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List, and six species would become extinct. By 2070–2099, 45 species were expected to qualify for the IUCN Red List whereas 14 were expected to become extinct. By the middle of the 21st century, the coldest areas of the Mediterranean Sea (Adriatic Sea and Gulf of Lion) would act as a refuge for cold‐water species, but by the end of the century, those areas were projected to become a ‘cul‐de‐sac’ that would drive those species towards extinction. In addition, the range size of endemic species was projected to undergo extensive fragmentation, which is a potentially aggravating factor. Since a majority of endemic fishes are specialists, regarding substratum and diet, we may expect a reduced ability to track projected climatic niches. As a whole, 25% of the Mediterranean Sea continental shelf was predicted to experience a total modification of endemic species assemblages by the end of the 21st century. This expected turnover rate could be mitigated by marine protected areas or accelerated by fishing pressure or competition from exotic fishes. It remains a challenge to predict how these assemblage modifications might affect ecosystem function.  相似文献   

12.
饲养中国大鲵氨基酸组成分析   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
实验对饲养中国大鲵氨基酸组成成分进行了比较全面的测定与分析,结果表明:饲养中国大鲵肌肉的蛋白质质量分数为164.3 g.kg-1,水解氨基酸总量为160.6 g.kg-1,各种氨基酸组成相当全面,必需氨基酸(EAA)为75.2 g.kg-1,占氨基酸总量的46.82%,符合人体需要量模式的程度相当高,为优质食物蛋白,可与做为参考蛋白的鸡蛋蛋白相媲美。研究同时发现呈味氨基酸总量70.5 g.kg-1,占氨基酸总量的43.90%,为研发味道鲜美的大鲵食品提供了有力的数据。  相似文献   

13.
中国大鲵生殖生理研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从1978年中国大鲵人工繁殖成功后,我国学者从生殖生理学的角度对大鲵人工繁殖的相关问题进行了系列工作,现将20多年的研究进展情况予以综述.  相似文献   

14.
大鲵精子的超微结构研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文运用透射电镜和扫描电镜研究了大鲵(Andrias davidianus)精子的超微结构,大鲵精子由头部(head),中片(midpiece)和尾部(tail)三部分组成。头部有棒状细胞核,核内染色质高度浓缩,细胞核前方呈细丝状,但非顶体结构。头部后端凹陷,称为植入窝(implantation fossa),植入窝内有线粒体和中心粒等细胞器结构,此区域为精子的中片。精子尾部细长,主要由轴丝和附属纤维(accessory fiber)组成,轴丝的外面具有波动膜。  相似文献   

15.
中国大鲵的活动节律及繁殖行为描记   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
梁刚  吴峰 《动物学杂志》2010,45(1):77-82
采用定时定点观察法,对仿生态条件下养殖的中国大鲵(Andrias davidianus)活动节律及繁殖行为进行了观察。结果表明,大鲵活动具有明显的昼夜节律变化,白天隐藏在洞穴中不活动,每天20:30时部分大鲵开始出洞活动,21:00时至次日凌晨1:00时为活动高峰期,1:00时后部分大鲵开始陆续回到洞穴,3:00时后又全部隐藏在洞穴中;大鲵的夜间活动随季节的变化而发生周期性变化,8~9月出洞活动的大鲵数量达到一年之中的最大值。大鲵尤其是雄鲵在繁殖季节表现出明显多样的繁殖行为:①推沙行为;②求偶行为,包括聚集、露头、巡视、追随、尾阴探究、亲吻、邀请和爬跨8种行为型;③冲凉行为;④护卵行为;⑤婚配行为。  相似文献   

16.
为揭示和探讨中国大鲵(Andrias davidianus)繁殖前期的冲凉行为及其意义,在仿生态养殖环境条件下,采用定时定点观察法和全事件记录法,对中国大鲵冲凉行为的过程及姿势进行了观察记录,进而研究了冲凉行为与年龄、求偶行为之间的关系。结果表明,雄性成鲵表现出冲凉行为,冲凉过程包括冲凉试探、姿势调整、冲凉和离开等4个阶段;冲凉姿势可分为头部冲凉、躯干冲凉、尾部冲凉、移动冲凉、环抱冲凉、贴壁冲凉和抬头冲凉等7种;雄性成鲵的冲凉行为与求偶行为之间存在极显著的正相关。本文认为,雄性成鲵可能通过冲凉行为来促进精巢的发育,进而通过求偶行为达到自然配对并成功繁殖、最终实现种族延续的目的。  相似文献   

17.
中国大鲵研究进展   总被引:22,自引:3,他引:22  
中国大鲵是我国特有濒危的两栖物种,是研究生物进化、生物多样性、性别决定分子机制等问题的好材料。近年来,人们对它的研究力度不断加大,著述颇多。本文对大鲵的生态保护、解剖发育、生理生化、遗传进化等方面的近期研究资料进行了整理和回顾,也简要探讨了今后大鲵研究的主要工作,以期为研究者们提供有价值的资料。  相似文献   

18.
对大鲵自然种群在河北省(含京津)分布的质疑   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在多年对野生动物种群调查的基础上, 通过检索河北省(含京津) 境内92 个市县, 自明清时代至今的近200 卷册地方志和走访有关学者, 分析并确定在河北省境内并无大鲵自然种群的分布。在部分地区偶见大鲵成体, 乃为幼鲵自繁殖地被偶然携带至该地而异地育肥的结果。  相似文献   

19.
    
  相似文献   

20.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号