甘草酸对糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡和炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨甘草酸对糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡和炎症反应的影响。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠30只,随机分为3组:对照(Control)组、糖尿病(DM)组和甘草酸(Gly)组。以高脂高糖饮食及腹腔注射链尿佐菌素30 mg/kg建立糖尿病模型。模型建立后10周,Gly组每日予甘草酸200 mg/kg灌胃,DM和Control组用等量生理盐水灌胃。结果:与Control组比较,DM组大鼠体重下降,血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇及血浆心肌酶水平升高,心肌细胞凋亡增加,心肌Bax、IL-1β、TNF-α、p-NF-κB、HMGB1增高而Bcl-2下降(P0.05);与DM组比较,Gly组大鼠体重增加,血糖、甘油三酯和总胆固醇及血浆心肌酶水平下降,心肌细胞凋亡减少,心肌Bax、IL-1β、TNF-α、p-NF-κB、HMGB1下降而Bcl-2升高(P0.05)。结论:甘草酸治疗可减轻糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及炎症反应。     

组织蛋白酶K对大鼠空间学习记忆功能的影响

目的:探讨组织蛋白酶K(CatK)对大鼠海马空间学习和记忆功能的影响及其神经化学机制。方法:SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组(Control组)和CatK阻断组(CatKⅡ组)每组各10只,分别于海马DG区微量注射组织蛋白酶K特异性阻断剂(0.5μg/μl)和等量人工脑脊液5 d;原代培养海马神经元细胞,设对照组(CON组)、阴性对照组(NC组)和siRNA干扰组(siCatK组),每组设3个复孔,siRNA导入18～20 h后收集样本。应用Morris水迷宫评估大鼠空间学习和记忆功能,同时在大鼠清醒、自由活动状态下,结合脑部微量透析法和高效液相色谱法观察学习记忆过程中DG区细胞外液中谷氨酸(Glu)含量的动态变化;采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测海马组织和神经元细胞中c-Notch1、Notch1、p-CREB、BDNF等相关信号蛋白的表达情况。结果:动物实验显示,与Control组相比,CatKⅡ组空间学习记忆能力明显减弱,并伴随着海马组织的c-Notch1、p-Akt、p-CREB和BDNF蛋白表达明显下降(P<0.05);Control组和CatK II组DG区Glu含量均随水迷宫训练天...     

BML-111 对糖尿病大鼠心肌炎症反应及细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨BML-111治疗对糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及炎症反应的影响。方法:33只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照(Control)组、糖尿病(DM)组和BML-111组,每组各11只。Control组喂以普通饲料,而其它两组大鼠喂以高糖高脂饲料。饲养6周后,DM组及BML-111组大鼠分别腹腔注射链尿佐菌素30 mg/kg,并于1周后建立糖尿病模型。模型制备完成后12周,BML-111组大鼠每日腹腔注射BML-111 0.5 mg/kg,其它两组大鼠腹腔注射相同容量生理盐水。12周后,测定体重、甘油三酯(TC)、总胆固醇(TG)水平、空腹血糖,采用TUNEL法测定心肌细胞凋亡指数(AI),Western blot法测定IL-6、TNF-α蛋白表达水平,并使用试剂盒测定心肌SOD活性和MDA含量。结果:与Control组比较,DM组大鼠体重显著下降,TC、TG、空腹血糖水平明显升高(P0.05);与DM组比较,BML-111组大鼠体重增加,甘油三酯、总胆固醇、空腹血糖水平下降(P0.05)。与Control组比较,DM组大鼠心肌凋亡指数显著增加(P0.05);而与DM组比较,BML-111组大鼠心肌凋亡指数显著降低(P0.05)。与Control组比较,DM组大鼠心肌IL-6、TNF-α、p-NF-κB、p-p38MAPK蛋白表达水平及MDA含量明显增高(P0.05),而SOD活性降低(P0.05);与DM组比较,BML-111组大鼠心肌IL-6、TNF-α、p-NF-κB、p-p38MAPK蛋白表达水平及MDA含量较低(P0.05),而SOD活性增加(P0.05)。结论:BML-111可减轻糖尿病大鼠心肌炎症反应及细胞凋亡。     

褪黑素对内毒素致大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的:研究内毒素(LPS)致大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)时,p-p38蛋白激酶(p-p38MAPK)在肺组织的表达及褪黑素(MT)对肺组织的保护作用及其机制。方法:将72只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组,每组24只,对照组(Control)、模型组(LPS)和褪黑素干预组(LPS+MT),采用气管内滴注LPS的方法建立大鼠ALI的模型,通过免疫组织化学染色和Western blot技术检测大鼠肺组织中p-p38蛋白激酶的表达变化,并在光镜下观察大鼠肺组织形态学变化。结果:Control组气道和肺组织可见反应极弱的p-p38蛋白激酶阳性细胞,散在分布于气道上皮细胞和肺泡上皮细胞;LPS组p-p38蛋白激酶阳性细胞较对照组明显增多(P0.05或P0.01),主要分布于浸润的炎症细胞、气道上皮细胞、肺泡上皮细胞和血管内皮细胞;LPS+MT组气道和肺组织中阳性细胞数较LPS组明显减少(P0.05或P0.01),Western blot结果与免疫组织化学一致。结论:LPS致大鼠急性肺损伤模型中,肺内炎性、非炎性细胞均有p38MAPK信号通路的激活;MT对急性肺损伤的保护机制可能与其抑制p38 MAPK信号通路的过度激活有关。     

鞘氨醇激酶1和1-磷酸鞘氨醇受体2在癫痫大鼠海马组织中表达的变化*

目的:检测鞘氨醇激酶1 (SphK1)和1-磷酸鞘氨醇受体2 (S1PR2) 在癫痫大鼠海马中的表达,探讨SphK1和S1PR2在癫痫中的作用机制。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠108只,随机分为对照(Control)组(n=48)和癫痫(PILO)组(n=60)。癫痫组腹腔注射氯化锂(127 mg/kg),18～20 h后注射匹罗卡品,首剂量为30 mg/kg,发作＜IV级的大鼠重复注射匹罗卡品(10 mg/kg);对照组给予等剂量的生理盐水代替匹罗卡品。根据造模后观察时间和行为学改变,随机分为3个大组,6个亚组:急性期组(E6 h、E1 d、E3 d)、潜伏期组(E7 d)和慢性期组(E30 d、E56 d),每个亚组中对照大鼠和癫痫大鼠各8只。每组取4只大鼠麻醉取海马,另4只取大脑组织。运用Western blot检测SphK1、S1PR2在大鼠海马组织中的表达变化,免疫荧光检测星形胶质细胞活化增生情况及SphK1、S1PR2在星形胶质细胞中的定位表达。结果:与Control组比较,SphK1在造模后急性期(E3 d)、潜伏期(E7 d)和慢性期(E30 d、E56 d)海马中的表达均明显升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);S1PR2在急性期(E3 d)、潜伏期(E7 d)和慢性期(E30 d、E56 d)海马组织中的表达均明显下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);癫痫大鼠(E7 d)海马星形胶质细胞活化、增生明显(P＜0.05),SphK1和S1PR2在E7d的表达到位为海马星形胶质细胞中。结论:SphK1和S1PR2可能通过调控海马星形胶质细胞活化增生和影响神经元兴奋性参与了癫痫的发病。     

苍术素对大鼠心脏正性肌力的作用及其机制*

目的: 研究中药苍术的有效成分苍术素(Atractylodin)的正性肌力作用及其机理。方法: 随机选取6只雄性SD大鼠进行在体压力-容积环 (P-V loop)实验,加药前为Control组,经腹腔注射苍术素(3 mg/kg)后为苍术素组(自身对照),分析6只雄性大鼠加药后对大鼠左心室心输出量、容积及动脉压的作用;大鼠离体心脏灌流实验中,依次灌流给药:第一部分为Control→ 0.1→1→10 μmol/L苍术素浓度梯度灌流,第二部分为Control→200 nmol/L H89 (PKA抑制剂)→200 nmol/L H89+10 μmol/L 苍术素,第三部分为Control→500 nmol/L KN-93 (CaMKII抑制剂)→500 nmol/L KN-93+10 μmol/L 苍术素,第四部分为Control→10 nmol/L Calyculin A (PP1, PP2A抑制剂)→10 nmol/L Calyculin A+10 μmol/L 苍术素,加药前的正常空白组为Control组,分析每部分各6只雄性大鼠的组间左心室发展压的变化;在大鼠心肌细胞钙释放实验中,分组、给药的方法和浓度同离体心脏实验,分析来源于6个雄性大鼠6个左心室心肌细胞组间钙释放幅值的变化。结果: ①P-V loop实验表明:与Control组相比,苍术素组(3 mg/kg)腹腔注射30 min后,显著增加大鼠心输出量、搏出功及心率(P＜0.05),降低动脉舒张压(P＜0.05),而对收缩压无明显影响;②离体心脏实验表明:与Control组相比,苍术素组(0.1, 1, 10 μmol/L)灌流10 min后,能显著增加大鼠离体心脏左心室发展压(LVDP) (P＜0.05),其作用能被H89组(200 nmol/L)所阻断;③心肌细胞钙释放实验表明:与Control组相比,苍术素组(10 μmol/L)灌流10 min后,基于肌浆网钙泵(SERCA2a)显著增加大鼠心肌细胞钙释放幅值(P＜0.05),其作用能被H89组(200 nmol/L)所阻断。结论: 苍术素具有正性肌力作用,其血流动力学特点表现为降低在体大鼠动脉舒张压而不增加收缩压,苍术素的正性肌力作用机制是通过PKA-SERCA2a通路发挥的。     

间歇运动对心梗大鼠心肌氧化应激和炎症的影响及其机制

目的:探讨间歇运动激活心肌梗死(MI)大鼠SIRT1-Nox4-ROS通路抑制心脏氧化应激和炎症的作用.方法:选取雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为假手术对照(C)组,心肌梗死(MI)组和心梗+间歇运动(ME)组,每组10只.MI组采用心脏左冠状动脉前降支(LAD)结扎法,建立MI模型.C组大鼠实施假手术,ME组大鼠在MI手...     

外源性的电磁干预对神经病理性疼痛大鼠的镇痛效果研究

目的:探讨外源性的电磁干预方法对神经病理性疼痛大鼠的镇痛效果。方法:将30只成熟的雄性SD大鼠随机等分成3组:空白对照组(Control),坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤(CCI)组以及坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤协同电磁刺激组(CCI+EMF)。CCI组和CCI+EMF组的20只大鼠建立坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤模型,CCI+EMF组大鼠行外源性的全身性电磁刺激干预(脉冲波形,频率15 Hz,强度30 Gs),每天刺激6小时。在CCI模型构建的第0、3、6、9、12及15天对大鼠测试和比较足底机械痛阈值、足底热痛阈值、运动功能评分和神经传导速率。结果:CCI组大鼠的足底机械痛阈值、足底热痛阈值及感觉神经传导速率从CCI手术后的第3天即出现显著性降低,其6、9、12、15天足底机械痛阈值、足底热痛阈值及感觉神经传导速率均显著低于Control组(P0.01),而运动功能评分均显著高于Control组(P0.05)。CCI+EMF组大鼠的足底机械痛阈值、足底热痛阈值及感觉神经传导速率在第9、12、15天显著高于CCI组大鼠(P0.05),而运动功能评分均显著高于CCI l组。结论:外源性的电磁刺激对于神经病理性疼痛大鼠具有良好的镇痛效果,有望成为一种临床治疗神经病理性疼痛的新的物理治疗手段。     

杏仁核SIRT1对慢性束缚应激大鼠抑郁样行为的影响

目的:观察杏仁核沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)蛋白对慢性束缚应激(CRS)大鼠抑郁样行为的影响。方法:60只SD雄性大鼠随机分为6组(n=10):正常对照组(Control)、慢性束缚应激组(CRS)、CRS+氟西汀(FLU)组(CRS+FLU)、CRS+生理盐水组(CRS+NaCl)、CRS+SIRT1过表达组(CRS+AAV-SIRT1)和CRS+空载体组(CRS+AAV-EGFP)。除了正常对照组,其余各组均接受慢性束缚应激造模21 d。造模结束后,氟西汀组和生理盐水组大鼠每天分别灌胃给予氟西汀(10 mg/kg)或生理盐水(10 mg/kg),持续3周;SIRT1过表达组和空载体组大鼠分别脑立体定位,注射腺相关病毒AAV-SIRT1或AAV-EGFP于杏仁核,待病毒表达3周;正常组和抑郁症组大鼠则不给予任何药物。应用糖水偏好实验(SPT)、旷场实验(OFT)和强迫游泳实验(FST)检测各组大鼠的抑郁样行为学变化;蛋白免疫印迹实验检测大鼠杏仁核中SIRT1蛋白的表达;免疫荧光技术检测大鼠杏仁核中SIRT1阳性细胞数量。结果:与正常对照组相比,CRS抑郁大鼠杏仁核中SIRT1蛋白...     

肢体缺血预处理减轻大鼠海马缺血/再灌注损伤

目的:探讨肢体缺血预处理(LIP)对大鼠全脑缺血/再灌注损伤的影响.方法: 36只大鼠椎动脉凝闭后随机分为假手术(Control)组、脑缺血组、肢体缺血组、LIP 0 d组(LIP后即刻行脑缺血)、LIP 1 d组(LIP后1 d行脑缺血)和LIP 2 d组(LIP后2 d行脑缺血).重复夹闭大鼠双侧股动脉3次(每次10 min,间隔10 min)作为LIP,夹闭颈总动脉进行全脑缺血8 min后再灌注.硫堇染色观察海马CA1区组织学分级及锥体神经元密度以判断海马损伤程度.结果:脑缺血组海马CA1区锥体神经元损伤严重,与Control组比较,组织学分级明显升高,神经元密度明显降低(P<0.01).LIP 0 d组海马CA1区神经元损伤较脑缺血组明显减轻,组织学分级明显降低,神经元密度明显升高(P<0.01).而LIP 1 d组和LIP 2 d组大鼠海马CA1区锥体细胞缺失较多,仍有明显的组织损伤.结论:LIP可减轻随后立即发生的脑缺血/再灌注损伤,但对间隔1 d后的脑缺血/再灌注损伤无显著对抗作用.     

褪黑素对油酸致大鼠急性肺损伤的防护作用及其机制研究

目的：研究油酸（OA）致大鼠急性肺损伤（ALI）时,P-选择素（Ps）、细胞间粘附分子-1（ICAM-1）和核因子-κB（NF-KB）在肺组织中的表达及褪黑素（MT）对肺组织的保护作用及其机制。方法：将48只SD大鼠随机分为4组（n=12）,对照组（Control）、油酸组（OA）、MT＋OA组,SB203580＋OA组。采用尾静脉注射油酸的方法建立大鼠Au的模型,测定肺系数,光镜下观察大鼠肺组织形态学改变,并通过免疫组织化学染色技术观察肺组织中Ps、ICAM-1和NF-κB的表达变化。结果：与control组相比,OA组大鼠肺系数明显升高（P〈0．05）;肺组织损伤严重,肺泡间隔明显增宽,肺泡腔及肺间质弥漫性炎细胞浸润;Ps、ICAM-1和NF-κB的阳性表达信号明显增强（P〈0．05）;应用MT和SB203580均显著缓解上述变化（P〈0．05）。结论：MT对ALI时的肺组织起明显的保护作用,其保护机制可能与抑制Ps、ICAM-1和NF-κB的表达有关。     

莪术醇对非酒精性脂肪性肝大鼠肝功能和肝纤维化的影响及机制*

目的:探讨莪术醇(CC)对非酒精性脂肪性肝(NAFLD)大鼠模型肝功能和肝纤维化的影响及机制。方法:采用高脂饮食构建非酒精脂肪肝炎(NASH)伴肝纤维化的大鼠模型,将60只SD大鼠随机分为:空白对照组、模型组(NASH)、NASH+复方鳖甲软肝片(CBT)组(阳性对照组)、NASH+CC组(25、50、100 mg/kg),每组10只。测量大鼠肝脏占体重的百分比,测量大鼠高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、甘油三酯(TG)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)水平,HE染色观察肝纤维化情况,免疫组化检测鼠肝组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)表达及肝组织核因子κB p65(NF-κB p65)的阳性染色情况,蛋白印迹(Western blot)检测α-SMA、基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)蛋白表达及Toll样受体-4(TLR4)、转化生长因子激活激酶-1(TAK1)、NF-κB p65、血管细胞粘附分子-1(VCAM-1)蛋白的表达情况,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测肝组织中白介素(IL-6、IL-10、IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达。结果:与空白对照组相比,模型组大鼠HDL、 IL-10含量、MMP-1蛋白表达量显著降低(P＜0.05),TG、ALT、AST、肝组织P65阳性率,α-SMA、TIMP-1、TLR4、TAK1、NF-κB p65、VCAM-1表达、IL-6、TNF-α及IL-1β含量显著升高(P＜0.05)。与模型组相比,CBT和CC处理后大鼠HDL、 IL-10含量、MMP-1蛋白表达量显著升高(P＜0.05),TG、ALT、AST、肝组织P65阳性率,α-SMA、TIMP-1、TLR4、TAK1、NF-κB p65、VCAM-1表达、IL-6、TNF-α及IL-1β含量显著降低(P＜0.05),其中模型+CC组以高浓度组改善最显著(P＜0.05),但各剂量改善幅度均低于模型+CBT组(P＜0.05)。结论:莪术醇通过调节TLR4、TAK1、NF-κB p65信号通路,减轻炎症反应,改善肝功能,从而缓解非酒精性脂肪肝肝肝纤维化,且在一定范围内呈浓度依赖性。     

Omentin inhibits TNF-α-induced expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells via ERK/NF-κB pathway

In the present study, we investigated whether omentin affected the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our data showed that omentin decreased TNF-α-induced expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HUVECs. In addition, omentin inhibited TNF-α-induced adhesion of THP-1 cells to HUVECs. Further, we found that omentin inhibited TNF-α-activated signal pathway of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by preventing NF-κB inhibitory protein (IκBα) degradation and NF-κB/DNA binding activity. Omentin pretreatment significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced ERK activity and ERK phosphorylation in HUVECs. Pretreatment with PD98059 suppressed TNF-α-induced NF-κB activity. Omentin, NF-kB inhibitor (BAY11-7082) and ERK inhibitor (PD98059) reduced the up-regulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 induced by TNF-α. These results suggest that omentin may inhibit TNF-α-induced expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells via blocking ERK/NF-κB pathway.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤NF-κ B和ICAM-1表达的影响

目的：探讨大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤NF-κB和ICAM-1表达情况及NAC的保护作用机制。方法：45只雄性SD大鼠随机分成三组：假手术组（Sham组,n=5）;缺血再灌注损伤组（I/R组,n=20）缺血60min后分别再灌注1、3、6、12h;N-乙酰半胱氨酸组（NAC组,n=20）：先自阴茎背静脉给大鼠注射溶于生理盐水的NAC,20min后再按I/R组处理。在各规定的再灌注时间点,分别采用western-blot和免疫组化方法测定肝组织中NF-κB和ICAM-1的表达。结果：I/R组和NAC组再灌注1、3、6、12h后,NF-κB的表达均明显高于Sham组（p〈0.01）,于再灌注3h达到高峰;ICAM-1的表达均明显高于Sham组（p〈0.01）,于再灌注6h达到高峰。NAC组再灌注1、3、6h与I/R组相同时间点比较：NF-κB和ICAM-1的表达均低于I/R组（p〈0.05）。NAC组再灌注12h与I/R组相同时间点比较：NF-κB和ICAM-1的表达虽然在数值上有所减少,但统计学上无差异（p〉0.05）。结论：大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注后NF-κB和ICAM-1表达增加,NAC可抑制NF-κB激活,减少ICAM-1表达减轻大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤。     

Induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression by IL-4 in human aortic smooth muscle cells is not associated with increased nuclear NF-κB levels

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) are upregulated in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells by cytokines produced at sites of inflammation. The cytokine profile for induction of VCAM-1, however, is different for the two cell types. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced both VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs; ED₅₀ ∼ 300 and 30 U/ml, respectively). TNF-α and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulated cell surface ICAM-1 expression, but not VCAM-1 expression, in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Conversely, IL-4 was a potent VCAM-1 inducer in HASMCs (ED₅₀ ∼ 100 pg/ml) but did not induce ICAM-1 expression. Nuclear extracts from IL-4-treated cells were compared with untreated cells for relative nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) levels by using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and surface plasmon resonance techniques. No significant increase in nuclear NF-κB DNA binding activity was detected in IL-4-treated HASMCs by either method of analysis. IL-1β and TNF-α stimulated nuclear NF-κB levels by about fourfold and fivefold, respectively, in HASMCs. The antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) similarly inhibited VCAM-1 upregulation in HASMCs incubated with IL-4 and in HUVECs incubated with TNF-α (IC₅₀s of 25 and 40 μM, respectively). These data suggest that a significant increase in nuclear NF-κB levels is not necessary or sufficient for VCAM-1 upregulation in HASMCs and does not determine the relative sensitivity to inhibition of gene expression by PDTC. J. Cell. Physiol. 180:381–389, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Cryptotanshinone inhibits oxidized LDL-induced adhesion molecule expression via ROS dependent NF-κB pathways

Adhesion molecules, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin, play important roles in the initial stage of atherosclerosis. Cryptotanshinone (CPT), a natural compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, exhibits anti-atherosclerotic activity although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, the protective effect of CPT against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced adhesion molecule expression was investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Ox-LDL significantly induced ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin expression at the mRNA and protein levels but reduced eNOS phosphorylation and NO generation, which were reversed by CPT pretreatment. Sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, and BAY117082, a NF-κB inhibitor, inhibited ox-LDL-induced ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin expression. Ox-LDL-induced ROS production was significantly inhibited by CPT and NAC. Furthermore, ox-LDL activated the NF-κB signaling pathway by inducing phosphorylation of IKKβ and IκBα, promoting the interaction of IKKβ and IκBα, and increasing p65 nuclear translocation, which were significantly inhibited by CPT. In addition, CPT, NAC, and BAY117082 inhibited ox-LDL-induced membrane expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and endothelial–monocyte adhesion and restored eNOS phosphorylation and NO generation. Results suggested that CPT inhibited ox-LDL-induced adhesion molecule expression by decreasing ROS and inhibiting the NF-κB pathways, which provides new insight into the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of CPT.     

Flavonoids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rosa roxburghii</Emphasis> Tratt offers protection against radiation induced apoptosis and inflammation in mouse thymus

The present study evaluated the protective effect of the natural compound flavonoids of Rosa roxburghii Tratt (FRT) against γ-radiation-induced apoptosis and inflammation in mouse thymus cells in vivo and in vitro. Thymus cells and mice were exposed to ⁶⁰Co γ-ray at a dose of 6 Gy. The radiation treatment induced significant cell apoptosis and inflammation. Radiation increased the expressions of cleaved caspase 3/8–10, AIF, and PARP-1, and FRT could mitigate their activation and inhibit subsequent apoptosis in the thymus both in vitro or in vivo. Irradiation increased the mRNA expression of ICAM-1/VCAM-1, IL-1α/IL-6 and TNF-α/NF-κB. Our results also indicated that FRT alleviated gene expression of some inflammatory factors such as ICAM-1/VCAM-1, TNF-α/NF-κB, but not IL-1α/IL-6. Irradiation increased the protein expression levels of ICAM-1/VCAM-1, IL-1α/IL-6 and TNF-α/NF-Κb, and our results also indicated that FRT alleviated protein level expression of certain inflammatory factors such as ICAM-1, IL-1α/IL-6, TNF-α/NF-κB, but not VCAM-1. Our results suggested that FRT enhanced radioprotection at least partially by regulating caspase 3/8–10, AIF, and PARP-1 to reduce apoptosis and by regulating ICAM-1, IL-1α/IL-6, TNF-α/NF-κB to reduce inflammation.     

Sauchinone from Saururus chinensis protects vascular inflammation by heme oxygenase-1 induction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Sauchinone, a diastereomeric lignan isolated from the roots of Saururus chinensis (LOUR.) BAILL. (Saururaceae), is reported to exert a variety of biological activities such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory actions and inhibitory effects on bone resorption. In this study, we investigated the effect of sauchinone in suppressing cell adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in high glucose stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Sauchinone inhibited the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α, as well as the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 caused by the stimulation of high glucose. In addition, sauchinone induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression through nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 in HUVEC. The effects of sauchinone on the high glucose-induced expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 were partially reversed by transfection of the cells with HO-1 siRNA. These findings suggest that sauchinone-induced HO-1 expression plays a key role in the vascular protective effects of sauchinone in HUVEC.     

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts prevent high glucose-induced endothelia dysfunction via PKC and NF-κB inhibition

In our study, it has been detected in vivo and in vitro that GSPE reversed high glucose-induced the increase of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. It is shown that by western blotting detection, GSPE significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB induced by high glucose while there was significant decrease of the expression of PKC with GSPE intervention. By adding the NF-κB blocker PDTC and the PKC inhibitor peptide 19–31(10^?6 M), no significant difference was found in the levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 among GSPE group, the PKC inhibitor peptide 19–31-added GSPE group and the PDTC-added GSPE group. So the conclusion could be drawn that PKC inhibition must be involved in GSPE decreasing the level of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.We proved for the first time that GSPE prevented high glucose-induced the increase of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by PKC and NF-κB inhibition. These findings show a novel mechanism of the action GSPE preventing endothelial dysfunction, which may have clinical application values.     

加味逍遥散对LPS诱导的抑郁模型大鼠海马小胶质细胞TLR4/NF-κB通路的影响*

目的: 观察加味逍遥散对LPS诱导的抑郁模型大鼠海马小胶质细胞TLR4/NF-κB通路的影响,探讨其抗抑郁机制。方法: 将SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、氟西汀组(10.8 mg·kg^-1)、加味逍遥散低、高剂量组(3.64、7.28 g·kg^-1)。采用慢性LPS注射(ip,0.5 mg·kg^-1)的方法建立抑郁大鼠模型,于造模同时灌胃给药,共14 d。采用旷场和强迫游泳实验评价大鼠的抑郁样行为,免疫组化法检测海马小胶质细胞标志蛋白Iba-1的表达,ELISA法检测海马匀浆液中TNF-α、IL-6的含量,Western blot法检测海马TLR4、NF-κB蛋白的表达。结果: 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠抑郁样行为显著(P＜0.01),海马小胶质细胞明显激活(P＜0.01),TNF-α、IL-6含量增加(P＜0.01),TLR4、NF-κB蛋白明显上调(P＜0.01);与模型组比较,氟西汀和高剂量加味逍遥散组大鼠抑郁样行为明显缓解(P＜ 0.05),小胶质细胞Iba-1表达恢复正常(P＜0.01),TNF-α、IL-6含量下降(P＜0.01),TLR4、NF-κB蛋白表达下调(P＜0.05);与氟西汀组比较,高剂量加味逍遥散组各指标无统计学差异,提示两者抗抑郁功效无显著区别。结论: 加味逍遥散能明显改善大鼠的抑郁样行为,其机制可能与抑制小胶质细胞TLR4/NF-κB通路,进而下调炎症因子的表达有关。