微量元素锌和超氧化物歧化酶对产蛋鸡影响的研究

结果表明：与对照相比,加锌Ⅱ组鸡的产蛋率高（P＜0．05）,破壳率低（P＜0．01）;加锌Ⅱ组鸡的产蛋率高（P＜0．01）,破壳率降低（P＜0．01）,蛋重增加（P＜0．05）饲料消耗减少,Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组比较,生产性无显著差异。Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肝中GOT和GPT、血清中AKP酶活性显著增加（P＜0．01）肝中AKPⅡ组明显上升（P＜0．05）,Ⅲ组显著提高（P＜0．01）,SOD酶活性Ⅱ明显增加（P＜0．05）,Ⅲ组显著上升（P＜0．01）,Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组比较,肝中GOT和AKP存在显著差异（P＜0．01）。其它酶活性各组间无明显差异（P＜0．05）。鸡蛋中的锌含量Ⅱ和 Ⅲ组大幅度上升（P＜0．01）,Ⅲ组磷脂降低（P＜0．05）,Ⅱ组不受影响（P＜0．05）。铁和各种氨基酸含量无明显变化（P＜0．05）。肝脏、肺脏、肌肉和翅羽中的锌含量Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组显著增加（P＜0．01）能脏中的锌含量Ⅱ组明显上升（P＜0．05）,Ⅲ组显著提高（P＜0．01）,心脏、脾脏和卵巢无显著影响（P＜0．05）。     

ERRs and cancers: effects on metabolism and on proliferation and migration capacities

ERRs are orphan members of the nuclear receptor superfamily which, at least for ERRα and ERRγ display important roles in the control of various metabolic processes. On other hand, correlations have been found between the expression of ERRα and γ and diverse parameters of tumor progression in human cancers. Whereas it is tempting to speculate that ERR receptors act in tumors through the regulation of metabolism, recent data have suggested that they also may directly regulate tumor proliferation and progression independently of their effects on metabolism. The two aspects of tumoral functions of ERR receptors are the purpose of the present review.     

基于秩和检验与SVM的基因特征选取与分类方法

研究了如何提取基因图谱信息的方法问题,提出一种新的基因"标签"提取方法.该方法采用秩和检验法选取基因"标签",得到不同显著性水平下基因"标签"的数目,然后将秩和检验法和分类信息指数相结合,在与基于SVM建立的分类模型比较后,提取最合适的基因"标签",再结合分类信息指数重复数次对这些基因"标签"选取主基因,最后用SVM检验主基因选取及分类的准确率,发现准确率有所提高,说明该方法的有效性.     

乙醇与乙醛对心脏的影响及其可能机制的探讨

通过研究乙醇、乙醛对离体心脏和神经干的影响,探讨乙醇、乙醛对心脏作用的可能机制.用不同浓度的乙醇和乙醛处理牛蛙蛙心灌流标本和坐骨神经标本,用BL-420 系统对给药前后心脏的心率和振幅以及神经干最小刺激强度作记录.乙醇和乙醛可以引起神经兴奋性的改变从而影响神经冲动的传导,而且其影响具有明显的量效依赖关系,低浓度的乙醇和乙醛能使神经的兴奋性增加,高浓度则降低;乙醇对心脏的心率和振幅均有抑制作用,低浓度的乙醛对心脏心率和振幅有促进作用,高浓度的乙醛对心脏造成不可恢复的损伤.乙醇、乙醛对心脏的影响效果不同,但两者均可直接影响及通过神经而间接影响心脏的活动.     

Thoughts on the origin and nature of life and intelligence on earth

Believing, for good reasons, that our Universe engenders the occurrence of Life, it is probable that Life appeared more than once on young planet Earth. The universality of our genetic code indicates though, that only one line produced a population that was cellular, autopoietic, responsive intelligently (i.e., to its advantage) to its environment, and capable of reproduction. Its evolution took time during which other intermediate or incipient forms of life disappeared. Trying to retrace ab initio the preceding chemical evolution on our young planet, we may not repeat the chemistry which led to our line. One can argue that it may be profitable to attempt to construct artificial life forms using the kind of building blocks that we learned to know through studying the chemistry of our life. Independently, computers are being built, or are planned, which possess memory that can be used appropriately (intelligently), and which to some extent can repair and reproduce themselves. Such Life does not depend on our biochemistry. However, these machines do perform as yet only partly along the lines of our human intelligence which is guided by self-awareness and a sense of individual integrity, and are thereby not equipped to search for Understanding and Self-expression.     

Studies on antireceptor antibody and on alloantibody formation

Semiallogeneic and allogeneic immunization protocols were used to clarify the origin of two antibody activities: (a) those directed at alloantigens and (b) those directed at receptors for alloantigens. In a first variant of semiallogeneic immunization, parental strain spleen cells were injected into F₁ hybrid hosts where they could not be rejected; both antireceptor antibody and alloantibody activities appeared, persisting for over 10 weeks. When the host was irradiated, no antireceptor antibody was formed, indicating the F₁ origin of this activity. In the second variant of semiallogeneic immunization, F₁ spleen cells were injected into parental hosts. Here the antireceptor antibody, while reaching high titers, even in hosts presensitized to antigens of the donor, soon disappeared, presumably due to the rejection of inoculated cells. It was concluded that in both variants of semiallogeneic situations, antireceptor antibodies were formed by F₁ cells, whereas alloantibodies were formed by parental cells. In allogeneic immunizations, four activities were found in serum —two directed at alloantigens (one set from each partner) and two directed at receptors for alloantigens (one set from each partner) —indicating that lymphoid cells of any origin can function as producers of antibodies to alloreceptors, in strict analogy to their potential as producers of antibody to alloantigens.     

泥沙输移比及其尺度依存研究进展

泥沙输移比是反映流域侵蚀产沙及输移能力的指标,对评价水土保持减沙效益有重要意义。基于对国内外泥沙输移比研究的系统梳理,1阐述了泥沙输移比的内涵,并对泥沙输移比基本定义中不同学科常用的表征变量作了清晰的界定,流域产沙量所涵尺度较流域输沙量小,且泥沙输移比与归槽率无论在内涵及定量描述上均不可等同;2归纳提出泥沙输移比现存的测算方法,包括4种形式的类比计算法和3种形式的建模计算法,并分别评述了其优缺点;3揭示了泥沙输移比的影响因素随时空尺度变化表现出分异性;4基于对泥沙输移比内涵与测算中的"尺度问题"以及泥沙输移比是否存在尺度效应等问题剖析,明确了泥沙输移比客观存在着尺度依存性及其尺度域。     

Effects of lairage temperature and holding time on pig behaviour and on carcass and meat quality

Twenty three groups of about 30 pigs each were kept in an environmentally controlled room in lairage, at temperatures of 20 or 35°C for periods of 0.5 or 3 h, to establish the effects of these parameters on animal behaviour and meat quality. Following initial exploration, 50% of pigs kept at 35°C but only 5% kept at 20°C lay down before the end of the 0.5 h period. Seven percent of pigs fought in both temperature conditions. When held in lairage for 0.5 h there was no difference in meat quality or skin damage at either temperature. When held for 3 h, about 95% of pigs were lying down after 2 h in the pens. Again, the percentage of animals fighting was similar for both temperatures, the number of encounters increasing during the first 30–40 min. The more intense initial fighting within the group held at 35°C resulted in the pigs lying down slightly earlier. Irrespective of the lairage time, the frequency of sexual activity decreased with temperature. The proportion of carcasses with skin damage increased with lairage time due, perhaps, to the longer duration of aggressive encounters. Increased lairage time at 20°C reduced the incidence of PSE meat, but at 35°C the longer lairage time showed no benefit to animal welfare or meat quality.     

Studies on growth and metabolism of Oenococcus oeni on sugars and sugar mixtures

AIMS: To study the effect of sugars and sugar mixtures on the growth kinetics of Oenococcus oeni NCIMB 11648 in batch culture with the aim of producing a high cell productivity system for starter cultures. METHODS AND RESULTS: The growth of O. oeni was investigated on single sugars (glucose, fructose or sucrose) and their mixtures (glucose-fructose, glucose-sucrose or fructose-sucrose). Better growth was obtained on sugar mixtures compared with growth on a single sugar. The production system of O. oeni biomass was investigated in batch culture with or without pH control with respect to kinetics, specific growth rate and biomass yield. The effect of pH and substrate concentration on fermentation balances and ATP yield were determined. The optimal growth of O. oeni was achieved on the glucose-fructose mixture (9 g l(-1), 1 : 1) at pH 4.5 and 25 degrees C with pH control, with highest cell volumetric productivity (7.9 mg cell l(-1) h(-1)), biomass yield (0.041 g cell g(-1) sugar) and specific growth rate (0.066 h(-1)). CONCLUSIONS: The limitations to the growth of O. oeni were pH and inhibition by end product resulting in poor utilization of the medium with low cell yields. The cell productivity of the system can be improved by the appropriate use of mixed sugar growth medium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study uniquely showed that appropriate sugar mixtures with the correct environmental conditions can significantly improve the productivity of O. oeni cultures.     

Effect of polyphenols on shoot and root growth and on seed germination

The effect of high concentrations of the simplest polyphenols on extension growth of maize (Zea mays L.) shoot ooleoptile segments, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) roots, and on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seed germination, was studied. Quinone formation in the process of plant incubation in polyphenol solutions was proved. The data obtained are presumably explained by the important part that is played by the quinoid products of phenol oxidation in the ability ofo- andp-biatomic phenols to inhibit growth.     

中国野生植物保护管理的政策、法律制度分析和建议

中国是全球生物多样性最丰富的国家之一。最近40年, 中国的植物多样性保护取得了巨大成就, 实施了多项政策和法律, 尤其是《野生植物保护条例》和《国家重点保护野生植物名录》先后颁布, 奠定了中国植物保护的法律和政策框架, 就地保护和迁地保护网络基本形成。但与生态文明建设的要求相比, 野生植物保护依然存在许多不足。本文系统回顾了中国野生植物保护管理的政策和法律制度, 从就地保护、迁地保护、开发利用活动管理三方面分析了其优缺点并提出建议; 重点对修订《野生植物保护条例》进行讨论并提出建议, 包括修订野生植物和人工培植的定义、优化对开发利用活动的管理程序、加强国际法和国内法的衔接、细化优化罚则等。     

痘苗病毒毒力测定及其免疫血清的制备

目的测试痘苗病毒毒力,制备痘苗病毒免疫血清,为药物评价和病毒检测奠定基础。方法鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜培养痘苗病毒,测定病毒的TCID50和小鼠毒力。将痘苗病毒悬液稀释成100TCID550,0．2％福尔马林灭活,分别在0、7、14d以腹腔注射的方式免疫BALB／c小鼠,用IFA、IEA、ELISA方法评价血清的敏感性和特异性。结果痘苗病毒TCID50／0．05mL=1．8×10^4,小鼠LD50／0．2mL=10^6.8;制备的免疫血清经IFA法测定效价为1：320,IEA法测血清效价为1：160,ELISA测血清效价1：6400。结论确定的细胞和小鼠毒力将为药物测定提供基础比对数据;制备的痘苗病毒免疫血清具有高度的敏感性和特异性,可作为测试对照血清使用。