New synonymies for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ruellia</Emphasis> (Acanthaceae) of Costa Rica and notes on other neotropical species

As part of our study of the Acanthaceae of Costa Rica and from a phylogenetic study of Ruellia as a whole, we place R. barbillana and R. metallica in synonymy with R. terminalis. We discuss species limits of R. terminalis and provide a key that distinguishes it from close relatives including R. grantii, R. oaxacana, and R. phyllocalyx. Ruellia puri is put into synonymy with R. jussieuoides, and R. standleyi is synonymized with R. ochroleuca. Disjunct distributions characterize R. terminalis, R. jussieuoides, and R. ochroleuca, although this pattern is most extreme in R. ochroleuca. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data lends support to our synonymy decisions. New lectotypifications are provided for Arrhostoxylum achimeniflorum, Dipteracanthus puri, Dipteracanthus puri β angustifolius, Dipteracanthus puri γ gymnocladus, Lychniothyrsus ochroleucus, and Otacanthus pearcei .     

Triterpenoids from <i>Uncaria rhynchophylla</i> and Their PTP1B Inhibitory Activity

Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gouteng) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine used for psychiatric and hypotensive purposes in China. In this study, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) part of U. rhynchophylla was revealed with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity. Subsequent investigation on the EtOAc part yielded one new triterpenoid, 3β-formyloxy-6β,19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (1) and four known ones, 3β,6β,19α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (2), 2-oxopomolic acid (3), 3β,19α-dihydroxy-6-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (4) and sumaresinolic acid (5). The structure of compound 1 was determined by extensive HRESIMS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses. Two ursane-type triterpenoids (2 and 3) showed selective inhibition on PTP1B with IC₅₀ values of 48.2 and 178.7 μM. The enzyme kinetic study suggested that compounds 2 and 3 were mix-type inhibitors on PTP1B with K_i values of 15.6 and 132.5 μM. This investigation manifests the antidiabetic potency of U. rhynchophylla with triterpenoids as the active constituents.     

领春木枝叶化学成分的研究

为了研究领春木(Euptelea pleiospermum Hook.f.et Thoms)的化学成分,利用各种柱色谱及高压液相色谱等方法进行分离和纯化,根据理化性质和光谱数据分析鉴定了9个化合物。他们分别为:白桦脂酸(1);齐墩果酸(2);N-反式对羟基肉桂酰基-对羟基苯乙胺(3);N-反式阿魏酰酪胺(4);N-顺式阿魏酰酪胺(5);丁香脂素(6);N-顺式阿魏酰-3-甲氧基酪胺(7);N-反式阿魏酰-3-甲氧基酪胺(8);3-羟基-30-去甲基-20-酮基-28-羽扇豆酸(9)。所有化合物均为首次从领春木中分离得到。     

Association of CYBA G640A variation with coronary artery disease in Indians

Introduction: Oxidative stress induces atherosclerosis by triggering an inflammatory cascade within the vascular wall.

Objective: To investigate the role of pro-oxidant and antioxidant gene variations with CAD in Indian subjects.

Materials & methods: It’s a case-control study and genotyping for the variants MPO G-463A, CYBA G640A, SOD2 Val16Ala and CAT C-262T were performed by conventional PCR techniques.

Results: Only CYBA G640A variant allele was found to be significantly (p?=?0.0075) associated with CAD.

Conclusion: Although CYBA G640A variation was found to be significant, a larger study is needed to validate these results and establish its role as a biomarker.     

3-Arylidene-5-(4-isobutylphenyl)-2(3H)-furanones: a new series of anti-inflammatory and analgesic compounds having antimicrobial activity

An ideal anti-inflammatory drug should have the desired effect in minimum dose with minimum side effects. Antimicrobial actions associated with such agents will be an added advantage as they broaden the spectrum of the compounds. Promising anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity together with low ulcerogenic properties of some 2(3H)-furanones, synthesized in our previous study, prompted us to investigate the effect of the isobutyl group on their pharmacological profile. Since compounds 3, 9, 13, and 14 have both anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in addition to low ulcerogenic incidence, they were selected for investigation of their inhibitory effects on various cyclo-oxygenase enzymes. It was found that they were more selective toward COX-2 enzymes. An MIC of 6.25 μg/mL was recorded for compounds 3, 13, and 14 against S. aureus, E. coli, R. oryza, and P. citrum. The study supports the development of furanone derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory agents with antimicrobial activity.     

Synthesis,antitumor and antimicrobial activity of some new 6-methyl-3-phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone analogues: in silico studies

Some new derivatives of substituted-4(3H)-quinazolinones were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antitumor and antimicrobial activities. The results of this study demonstrated that compound 5 yielded selective activities toward NSC Lung Cancer EKVX cell line, Colon Cancer HCT-15 cell line and Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231/ATCC cell line, while NSC Lung Cancer EKVX cell line and CNS Cancer SF-295 cell line were sensitive to compound 8. Additionally, compounds 12 and 13 showed moderate effectiveness toward numerous cell lines belonging to different tumor subpanels. On the other hand, the results of antimicrobial screening revealed that compounds 1, 9 and 14 are the most active against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16, 32 and 32?μg/mL respectively, while compound 14 possessed antimicrobial activities against all tested strains with the lowest MIC compared with other tested compounds. In silico study, ADME-Tox prediction and molecular docking methodology were used to study the antitumor activity and to identify the structural features required for antitumor activity.     

Effects of environmental heterogeneity on species diversity and composition of terrestrial bryophyte assemblages in tropical montane forests of southern Ecuador

Background: Most studies on tropical bryophytes deal with epiphytic species. This is the first ecological study of tropical forests that focuses specifically on terrestrial bryophytes.

Aim: To investigate the differences between slope and ridge environments in upper montane forests of southern Ecuador in terms of species diversity (richness, abundance), species composition and life forms of terrestrial bryophytes.

Methods: We used Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) to group bryophyte relevés by study location, habitat type and exposure class. Species indicator values were calculated and compared for different habitats.

Results: In total, 140 species were recorded, the majority being liverworts. NMDS analyses and Mantel correlations clearly separated between slope and ridge relevés, and between sunny and shaded microhabitats on ridges. Bryophyte life forms also showed different distribution patterns in slope and in ridge habitats. Mosses were more prominent in sunny than in shaded microhabitats.

Conclusions: Environmental differentiation between ridges and slopes, and small-scale variation in microclimatic conditions caused by differences in exposure, were stronger predictors of species richness and composition than geographical distance between study sites.     

Synopsis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mickelia</Emphasis>, a newly recognized genus of bolbitidoid ferns (Dryopteridaceae)

Our recent molecular phylogenetic study revealed a previously unrecognized clade of six species that is sister to Elaphoglossum. Within this clade, four species are currently classified in Bolbitis, one in Lomagramma, and one in Acrostichum. For this clade, we propose the name Mickelia, with M. nicotianifolia as the type species. We also make new combinations for the species in our phylogenetic study shown to belong to Mickelia (M. bernoullii, M. guianensis, M. hemiotis, M. nicotianifolia, M. oligarchica, and M. scandens) and two other species believed to belong to the clade based on morphology (M. lindigii, M. pergamentacea). A new hybrid and two new species are also described (M. ×atrans, M. furcata, and M. pradoi). In total, Mickelia consists of ten species and one hybrid. It is entirely neotropical. We provide a key to the genera of bolbitidoid ferns and a synopsis of Mickelia that gives for each species a complete synonymy, geographical distribution, comparative discussion, and illustration.     

2- and 3-[(Aryl)(azolyl)methyl]indoles as Potential Non-steroidal Aromatase Inhibitors

The present study was designed to follow our pharmacomodulation work in the field of non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors. All target compounds 12a–h and 28a–h were tested in vitro for human placental aromatase inhibition, using testosterone or androstenedione as the substrate for the aromatase enzyme and the IC₅₀ and relative potency to aminoglutethimide data are included. A SAR study indicated that 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-1-ethyl-2-methyl-1H-indole (28?g) was a highly potent and selective aromatase inhibitor with IC₅₀ value of 0.025?μM. 28?g was also a weak inhibitor of androstenedione synthesis.     

Biosynthesis of Resorcylic Acid Lactone (5S)-5-Hydroxylasiodiplodin in Lasiodiplodia theobromae

An administration study of ²H-labeled precursors showed that the 9-hydroxydecanoyl unit, the acyl intermediate of lasiodiplodin (1), was also the intermediate of (5S)-5-hydroxylasiodiplodin (2) in Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The incorporation of [O-methyl-²H₃]-lasiodiplodin (6) into 2 indicated that hydroxylation at C-5 occurred after cyclization.     

Genome analysis of species in the genus Hystrix (Triticeae; Poaceae)

Genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH) and Southern genomic hybridisation were applied in order to gain further knowledge regarding generic delimitation of the genus Hystrix as well as to clarify the genomes of the Hystrix species H. patula, H. longearistata, H. coreana, H. duthiei and H. komarovii. The hybridisation intensity of different genomic probes was compared among the Hystrix species and with other Triticeae species. The Southern- and GISH results confirm that H. patula contains the StH genome and show that H. komarovii most likely has a variant of this StH genome. The other Hystrix species under study, i.e. H. longearistata, H. coreana and H. duthiei, contain an Ns basic genome, and most probably two variants of this basic genome, Ns ¹ Ns ² . The genus Hystrix is thus not a monophyletic group of species.     

基于近10年红球菌发展的文献计量分析

【背景】近些年,越来越多的研究集中在红球菌上,很少有研究人员对现有文献进行全面回顾。【目的】为了探究国内外红球菌领域的研究热点、前沿和未来发展趋势,以便为后续研究人员提供全面直观的参考。【方法】对近10年发表在Web of Science的红球菌领域论文进行统计分析和文献计量分析。通过VOSviewer文献可视化软件绘制作者标签视图和关键词共现网络图。【结果】全球有关红球菌领域的发文量总体呈逐年上升趋势,发表期刊多为微生物学领域的专科期刊,中国和美国的文章发表数和引用数远超其他国家,红球菌的研究内容也主要集中在生物催化、生物降解和非核糖体肽合成酶等方面。【结论】红球菌在世界范围内越来越受到重视,并逐渐成为研究热点,国家和研究机构应继续加强合作,推动红球菌领域的继续发展。     

Cholinesterase inhibitory triterpenoids from the bark of Garcinia hombroniana

Abstract

Context: Garcinia hombroniana Pierre, known as manggis hutan in Malaysia is a rich source of xanthones and benzophenones.

Objectives: This study was aimed to isolate and characterize potential cholinesterase inhibitors from the extracts of G. hombroniana bark and investigate their interactions with the enzymes.

Materials and methods: The dichloromethane extract afforded five triterpenoids which were characterized by NMR and mass spectral techniques. Cholinesterase inhibitory assay and molecular docking were performed to get insight of the inhibitory activity and molecular interactions of the compounds. The compounds were also tested for their antioxidant capacity.

Results: The isolated triterpenoids were identified as: 2β-hydroxy-3α-O-caffeoyltaraxar-14-en-28-oic acid (1), taraxerol (2), taraxerone (3), betulin (4) and betulinic acid (5). Compound 1 was the most active dual inhibitor of both AChE and BChE. Compound 1 also showed good antioxidant activities.

Conclusion: Compound 1 had dual and moderate inhibitory activity on AChE and BChE worthy for further investigations.     

取消药品加成对县级公立医院经济运营的影响分析

目的 探讨取消药品加成政策的实施对县级公立医院经济运营所产生的影响。方法 运用对比研究的方法对四川省6家试点县级公立医院的经济运行状况进行分析。结果 取消药品加成政策实施后县级公立医院收支结余下降，补偿渠道发生变化。结论 加强政府财政投入和相关政策的落实力度，警惕医院将取消药品加成损失向其他收费项目转移。     

Revision of the genus Adorodocia Brenske 1893 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Rutelinae: Adoretini) endemic to Madagascar

Summary. The Adoretini of the Malagasy endemic genus Adorodocia Brenske 1893 is revised. Fourteen new species and one new subspecies are described and compared with their most closely related species: A. constricta n. sp., A. cuccodoroi n. sp., A. flava n. sp., A. liliae n. sp., A. marginata n. sp., A. peyrierasi n. sp., A. pseudoconstricta n. sp., A. pseudoflava n. sp., A. pseudostrigata n. sp., A. recta n. sp., A. robusta n. sp., A. sogai n. sp., A. vadoni n. sp., A. viettei n. sp. and A. vittaticollis flavipes n. ssp. The synonymy between Adoretus strigatus Waterhouse 1878, and Pseudadorodocia aenigma Arrow 1901, is confirmed. Thus, based on the results of this study, the genus Adorodocia includes 16 species, and one of them is represented by two subspecies. Diagnostic characters to separate the species in the genus deal mostly with the shape of parameres, color of body and legs, shape of pronotum and female eighth tergite, setation of pronotum and elytra. Key to species, diagnoses and distribution for each species are provided. Endophallus and female genitalia are illustrated for the first time for this genus.     

JL-DRGs在综合医院管理中的应用探讨

目的 探讨JL-DRGs在综合医院管理中的应用。方法 对2012年和2013年运行JL-DRGs管理前后的全部出院病例进行统计分析。结果 2013年开始全面运行JL-DRGs后平均住院日下降17.74%,均次费用下降13.49%,医保超支年度累计减少1 866万元,平均每月医保超支额度下降39.23%,医疗质量、效率均显著提升。结论 JL-DRGs在大型综合医院管理中应用效果好,可以积极促进医院提质升效并降低运营成本。     

物流云平台在大型综合性医院耗材管理中的应用研究

?????? 目的 确定大型综合性医院消耗品物流云平台的建设方案,提升医院耗材管理的质量和效率,降低医院管理成本。方法 采用定性研究中的深度个案访谈与小组焦点访谈相结合的研究方法。结果 明确物流云平台的定义,确定建设的必要性、功能定位和应用范围。结论 物流云平台的建设在大型综合性医院耗材管理中具有创新意义,根据功能定位的开发具有一定的复杂性,需进行4阶段15期的分期建设,同时需注重系统安全、数据同步联动以及培训推广等开发难点。     

武夷菌素高产基因工程菌株Streptomyces albulus OoWysR活性成分的分离鉴定

【背景】武夷菌素高产基因工程菌株Streptomyce albulus OoWysR具有明显的抑菌效果。【目的】明确S.albulus OoWysR的活性成分。【方法】采用柱层析法,利用大孔吸附树脂、离子交换树脂和高效液相色谱等对S.albulus OoWysR的活性成分进行分离纯化,经高分辨率电喷雾电离质谱(high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry,HR-ESI-MS)和核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)等波谱技术对化合物化学结构进行鉴定,并通过生长速率法测定化合物的生物活性。【结果】从S.albulus OoWysR中分离鉴定出4个化合物,分别为对羟基苯甲酸(1)、吡咯-2-羧酸(2)、对羟基苯乙醇(3)和云南霉素(4)。化合物1对玉米弯孢病菌、番茄叶霉病菌、玉米小斑病菌和烟草赤星病菌具有一定的抑制作用;化合物2对番茄灰霉病菌、大豆菌核病菌、苹果腐烂病菌、玉米小斑病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、稻瘟病菌和烟草赤星病菌具有一定的抑制作用;化合物3对番茄灰霉病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、玉米小斑病...     

植物乳杆菌CCFM8724抑制双菌生物膜的成分初探

【背景】植物乳杆菌是一种重要的益生菌,本实验室前期研究表明植物乳杆菌CCFM8724发酵液可抑制变异链球菌和白色念珠菌双菌生物膜,但植物乳杆菌发酵液中起作用的具体物质尚不清楚。【目的】评价植物乳杆菌CCFM8724发酵液抑菌成分的特性,初步探究其物质基础。【方法】探索温度、pH等因素对抑菌物质的影响,采用气相色谱-质谱(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS)联用技术分析植物乳杆菌代谢物的组成,进一步通过有机溶剂萃取、超滤等方法初步分离纯化发酵液中抑制双菌生物膜的成分,并采用液相色谱-质谱(Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,LC-MS)联用技术进行鉴定。【结果】通过多元统计分析,发现植物乳杆菌发酵液的主要差异标志物为有机酸(如苯乳酸、乙酸、羟基己酸和甘油酸等),经过初步提取鉴定并进行功能验证,其中有效成分主要为有机酸和环肽类化合物。【结论】植物乳杆菌CCFM8724发酵液主要通过多种有机酸和环肽类的协同作用抑制变异链球菌和白色念珠菌生物膜,该研究为植物乳杆菌发酵液进一步的分离纯化和有效成分的生产...     

Recent changes in the abundance of British upland breeding birds

Capsule Breeding wader populations have more often shown declines than passerine populations during the last 10–20 years.

Aims To determine abundance changes in British upland breeding birds during the last 10–20 years.

Methods We re-surveyed 1348 km², in nine study areas, of the British uplands in 2000 and 2002, which had been previously surveyed between 1980 and 1991. In addition, we included data from recent repeat surveys in four other upland areas, covering approximately 365 km², to broaden the scope of our study.

Results We found evidence of widespread population declines in three species of breeding waders, Lapwing Vanellus vanellus, Dunlin Calidris alpina and Curlew Numenius arquata. Among the passerines, some species declined, including Twite Carduelis flavirostris and Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus, while others showed strong gains, including Stonechat Saxicola torquata and Raven Corvus corax.

Conclusion Overall, abundance changes were characterized by a high degree of variability across study areas, even when close together. This variability may have been partly due to the different time intervals between the original and repeat surveys. Improved upland breeding bird population monitoring is needed to allow better detection of trends. Action is needed to restore upland breeding bird populations in areas where they have declined.