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1.
Valerio Cirillo Michael J. Van Oosten Miriam Izzo Albino Maggio 《The Annals of applied biology》2019,174(3):329-338
Omeprazole (OP) has been shown to act as a plant growth regulator and enhances tolerance to salt stress. In this study, two Ocimum basilicum genotypes were tested for their responses to OP under salt stress. The two genotypes, Napoletano (NAP) a salt sensitive genotype, and Genovese (GEN) a salt tolerant genotype, had contrasting responses to OP treatment. NAP demonstrated increases in terms of growth (+36%) and salt tolerance (+19%) upon treatment while GEN had a growth increase (+35%) and OP enhanced sensitivity to salt stress (?13%). OP treatment also had an effect on the post‐harvest behaviour of these two genotypes by increasing NAP shelf life while decreasing GEN shelf life. The contrasting responses to OP in these two genotypes has provided insight into the role of this molecule in mediating growth and adaptation to stress and, more importantly, into the complexity of the mechanisms mediating these processes. 相似文献
2.
Tolerance to low temperature and paraquat-mediated oxidative stress in two maize genotypes 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Iannelli M; van Breusegem F; van Montagu M; Inze D; Massacci A 《Journal of experimental botany》1999,50(333):523-532
Tolerance to low temperature and paraquat-mediated oxidative stress was
investigated in two Zea mays genotypes, VA36 and A619,
grown at 25/22 C and 16/14 C for 50 d after germination. VA36, the tolerant
genotype, showed an enhanced resistance to paraquat as compared to A619,
the sensitive genotype, when grown at low temperature. In VA36, superoxide
dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activities increased during growth at
both 25/22 °C or 16/14 °C. In A619, superoxide dismutase
activity was similar in plants grown at both 16/14 °C or 25/22
°C. Ascorbate peroxidase activity was always significantly lower in
plants grown at low temperature than in plants grown at 25/22 °C.
The total ascorbate peroxidase activity was correlated with the cytosolic
ascorbate peroxidase protein content in all but A619 plants grown at low
temperature for 25 d. The isozyme pattern of SOD showed a higher abundance
of MnSOD in VA36 than in A619 and of FeSOD in A619 compared to VA36. Growth
at low temperature enhanced resistance to paraquat infiltration more in
VA36 than in A619. SOD and APX activities were generally higher and more
stable with the increase of paraquat concentration in VA36 than in A619.
Damage indicated by Fv/Fm and ion
leakage after paraquat infiltration were generally higher in plants grown
at 25/22 °C than at 16/14 °C and higher in A619 than in
VA36. However, no causal link is proved between the extent of damage and
the increase of SOD and APX activities alone. It is suggested that
tolerance to oxidative stress requires an integrated enhancement of the
antioxidant system. 相似文献
3.
Wasim Ibrahim Cheng‐Wei Qiu Can Zhang Fangbin Cao Zhu Shuijin Feibo Wu 《Physiologia plantarum》2019,165(2):155-168
Soil salinity and drought are the two most common and frequently co‐occurring abiotic stresses limiting cotton growth and productivity. However, physiological mechanisms of tolerance to such condition remain elusive. Greenhouse pot experiments were performed to study genotypic differences in response to single drought (4% soil moisture; D) and salinity (200 mM NaCl; S) stress and combined stresses (D + S) using two cotton genotypes Zhongmian 23 (salt‐tolerant) and Zhongmian 41 (salt‐sensitive). Our results showed that drought and salinity stresses, alone or in combination, caused significant reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis in the two cotton genotypes, with the largest impact visible under combined stress. Interestingly, Zhongmian 23 was more tolerant than Zhongmian 41 under the three stresses and displayed higher plant dry weight, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities compared to control, while those parameters were significantly decreased in salt‐stresses Zhongmian 41 compared to control. Moreover, Na+/K+‐ATPase activity was more enhanced in Zhongmian 23 than in Zhongmian 41 under salinity stress. However, under single drought stress and D + S stress no significant differences were observed between the two genotypes. No significant differences were detected in Ca2+/Mg2+‐ATPase activity in Zhongmian 41, while in Zhongmian 23 it was increased under salinity stress. Furthermore, Zhongmian 23 accumulated more soluble sugar, glycine‐betaine and K+, but less Na+ under the three stresses compared with Zhongmian 41. Obvious changes in leaf and root tips cell ultrastructure was observed in the two cotton genotypes. However, Zhongmian 23 was less affected than Zhongmian 41 especially under salinity stress. These results give a novel insight into the mechanisms of single and combined effects of drought and salinity stresses on cotton genotypes. 相似文献
4.
Muhammad Amjad Nuzhat Ameen Behzad Murtaza Muhammad Imran Muhammad Shahid Ghulam Abbas Muhammad A. Naeem Sven-Erik Jacobsen 《Physiologia plantarum》2020,168(1):27-37
Plant tolerance against a combination of abiotic stresses is a complex phenomenon, which involves various mechanisms. Physiological and biochemical analyses of salinity (NaCl) and nickel (Ni) tolerance in two contrasting tomato genotypes were performed in a hydroponics experiment. The tomato genotypes selected were proved to be tolerant (Naqeeb) and sensitive (Nadir) to both salinity and Ni stress in our previous experiment. The tomato genotypes were exposed to combinations of NaCl (0, 75 and 150 mM) and Ni (0, 15, and 20 mg l−1) for 28 days. The results revealed that the tolerant and sensitive tomato genotypes showed similar response to NaCl and Ni stress; however, the level of response was significantly different in both genotypes. The tolerant tomato genotype showed less reduction in growth than the sensitive genotype against both NaCl and Ni stress. Root and shoot ionic analysis showed a decrease in Na and increase in K concentration by increasing Ni levels in the growth medium. Moreover, accumulation of Na and Ni in tissues showed a decrease in membrane stability index and an increase in malondialdehyde contents. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase under NaCl and Ni stress was significantly higher in the tolerant compared to the sensitive genotype. Enhanced activity of many antioxidant enzymes in Naqeeb under stress conditions is among the other mechanisms that enabled the genotype to better detoxify reactive oxygen species and therefore Naqeeb tolerated the stresses better than Nadir. 相似文献
5.
Effect of soil salinity was studied in two maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes, DTP-w-c 9 (comparatively tolerant) and Prabhat (susceptible) under control and three levels of salinity at
vegetative and anthesis stages during summer–rainy season. Salinity stress decreased relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll
(Chl) and carotenoid (Car) contents, membrane stability index (MSI), potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) contents, and increased the rate of superoxide radical (O2·−) production, contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (measure of lipid peroxidation), proline, glycine-betaine, total soluble
sugars, sodium (Na+), and Na+/K+ and Na+/Ca2+ ratios in both the genotypes. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and glutathione
reductase (GR) increased up to S2 salinity level in both the genotypes, and up to highest salinity level (S3) in DTP-w-c 9 at the two stages. Salinity-induced decrease in RWC, Chl, Car, MSI, K+ and Ca2+ was significantly greater in Prabhat, which also recorded higher Na+ content and Na+/K+ and Na+/Ca2+ ratios than DTP-w-c 9. DTP-w-c 9 recorded higher contents of proline, glycine-betaine, total soluble sugars, K+, Ca2+, activity of SOD, APX, CAT, GR, and comparatively lower O2·−, H2O2 and TBARS contents compared to Prabhat. Results show that salinity tolerance of DTP-w-c 9, as manifested by less decrease
in RWC, Chl, Car and MSI, is associated with maintenance of adequate levels of K+ and Ca2+, greater contents of osmolytes, higher antioxidant enzymes activity, and lower O2·−, H2O2, TBARS and Na+ contents than Prabhat. 相似文献
6.
Abiotic stress is a major limiting factor in crop production. Physiological comparisons between contrasting abiotic stress-tolerant genotypes will improve understanding of stress-tolerant mechanisms. Rice seedlings (S3 stage) of a chilling-tolerant (CT) genotype (CT6748-8-CA-17) and a chilling-sensitive (CS) genotype (INIAP12) were subjected to abiotic stresses including chilling (13/12 degrees C), salt (100mM NaCl), and osmotic (200mM mannitol). Measures of physiological response to the stresses included changes in stress-related sugars, oxidative products and protective enzymes, parameters that could be used as possible markers for selection of improved tolerant varieties. Metabolite analyses showed that the two genotypes responded differently to different stresses. Genotype survival under chilling-stress was as expected, however, CT was more sensitive to salt stress than the CS genotype. The CT genotype was able to maintain membrane integrity better than CS, perhaps by reduction of lipid peroxidation via increased levels of antioxidant enzymes during chilling stress. This genotype accumulated sugars in response to stress, but the accumulation was usually less than in the CS genotype. Chill-stressed CT accumulated galactose and raffinose whereas these saccharides declined in CS. On the other hand, the tolerance mechanism in the more salt- and water-deficit-tolerant CS may be associated with accumulation of osmoprotectants such as glucose, trehalose and mannitol. 相似文献
7.
DNA methylation changes detected by methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism in two contrasting rice genotypes under salt stress 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
DNA methylation,one of the most important epigenetic phenomena,plays a vital role in tuning gene expression during plant development as well as in response to environmental stimuli.In the present study,a rnethylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) analysis was performed to profile DNA methylation changes in two contrasting rice genotypes under salt stress.Consistent with visibly different phenotypes in response to salt stress,epigenetic markers classified as stable inter-cultivar DNA methylation differences were determined between salttolerant FL478 and salt-sensitive IR29.In addition,most tissue-specific DNA methylation loci were conserved,while many of the growth stage-dependent DNA methylation loci were dynamic between the two genotypes.Strikingly,salt stress induced a decrease in DNA methylation specifically in roots at the seedling stage that was more profound in IR29 than in the FL478.This result may indicate that demethylation of genes is an active epigenetic response to salt stress in roots at the seedling stage,and helps to further elucidate the implications of DNA methylation in crop growth and development. 相似文献
8.
Effect of long term soil salinity (control-S0 and three levels S1 to S3) was studied in two maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes, PEHM 3 (comparatively tolerant) and Navjot (susceptible) at vegetative and anthesis stages during summer-rainy
season. Salinity stress decreased relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid (Car) contents, membrane
stability index (MSI), potassium and calcium contents, and increased the contents of superoxide radical (O2
·−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), proline, glycinebetaine, total soluble sugars, and sodium, and Na+/K+ and Na+/Ca2+ ratios in both the genotypes. Contents of zinc, copper, manganese and iron increased up to S2. Though under S0 PEHM 3 had higher content of all the metals, Navjot recorded higher content of Zn at all salinity levels and contents of
all metal ions at S2 and S3. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased
upto S2 in both the genotypes, and upto S3 in PEHM 3 at the two stages. Salinity induced decrease in RWC, Chl, Car, MSI, K+ and Ca2+ was significantly greater in Navjot, which also recorded higher Na+ content and Na+/K+ and Na+/Ca2+ ratios than PEHM-3. PEHM-3 recorded higher contents of proline, glycine-betaine, total soluble sugars, K+, Ca2+, activity of SOD, APX, CAT, GR, and comparatively lower O2
·−, H2O2 and TBARS contents compared to Navjot. 相似文献
9.
Hela Mahmoudi Rym Kaddour Jun Huang Nawel Nasri Baâtour Olfa Sabah M’Rah Abdelali Hannoufa Mokhtar Lachaâl Zeineb Ouerghi 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(5):1613-1622
Salt stress perturbs a multitude of physiological processes such as photosynthesis and growth. To understand the biochemical
changes associated with physiological and cellular adaptations to salinity, two lettuce varieties (Verte and Romaine) were
grown in a hydroponics culture system supplemented with 0, 100 or 200 mM NaCl. Verte displayed better growth under 100 mM
NaCl compared to Romaine, but both genotypes registered relatively similar reductions in growth under 200 mM NaCl treatment.
Both varieties showed differences in net photosynthetic activity in the absence of salt and 8 days after salt treatment. These
differences diminished subsequently under prolonged salt stress (14 days). Verte showed enhanced leaf proline and restricted
total cations especially Na+, lesser malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and lignification in the roots under 100 mM NaCl salinity. Membrane damage estimated
by electrolyte leakage increased with elevated salt concentrations in roots of both varieties, but Verte had significantly
lower electrolyte leakage relative to Romaine under 100 mM NaCl. Moreover, Verte also accumulated greater levels of carotenoids
under increasing NaCl concentrations compared to Romaine. Taken together, these findings suggest that the greater tolerance
of Verte to 100 mM NaCl is related to the more restricted accumulation of total cations and toxic Na+ in the roots and enhanced levels of antioxidative metabolites in root and leaf tissue. 相似文献
10.
Leaf transcriptomic response mediated by cold stress in two maize inbred lines with contrasting tolerance levels 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《Genomics》2021,113(2):782-794
11.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes K-65 (salt tolerant) and HD 2329 (salt sensitive) were grown in pots under natural conditions and irrigated
with NaCl solutions of electrical conductivity (ECe) 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 dS m−1. Control plants were irrigated without saline water. Observations were made on the top most fully expanded leaf at tillering,
anthesis, and grain filling stages. The net photosynthetic rate (P
N), stomatal conductance (g
s), and transpiration rate (E) were reduced with the addition of NaCl. The reduction was higher in HD 2329 than in K-65. Salinity enhanced leaf to air
temperature gradient (ΔT) in both the genotypes. NaCl increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase
(POX); the percent increment was higher in K-65. The sodium and potassium contents were higher in the roots and leaves of
K-65 over HD 2329. Thus at cellular level K-65 has imparted salt tolerance by manipulating P
N, E, g
s, and K accumulation in leaves along with overproduction of antioxidative enzyme activities (SOD and POX). 相似文献
12.
Compatible solute accumulation and stress-mitigating effects in barley genotypes contrasting in their salt tolerance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chen Z Cuin TA Zhou M Twomey A Naidu BP Shabala S 《Journal of experimental botany》2007,58(15-16):4245-4255
The accumulation of compatible solutes is often regarded as a basic strategy for the protection and survival of plants under abiotic stress conditions, including both salinity and oxidative stress. In this work, a possible causal link between the ability of contrasting barley genotypes to accumulate/synthesize compatible solutes and their salinity stress tolerance was investigated. The impact of H(2)O(2) (one of the components of salt stress) on K(+) flux (a measure of stress 'severity') and the mitigating effects of glycine betaine and proline on NaCl-induced K(+) efflux were found to be significantly higher in salt-sensitive barley genotypes. At the same time, a 2-fold higher accumulation of leaf and root proline and leaf glycine betaine was found in salt-sensitive cultivars. The total amino acid content was also less affected by salinity in salt-tolerant cultivars. In these, potassium was found to be the main contributor to cytoplasmic osmolality, while in salt-sensitive genotypes, glycine betaine and proline contributed substantially to cell osmolality, compensating for reduced cytosolic K(+). Significant negative correlations (r= -0.89 and -0.94) were observed between Na(+)-induced K(+) efflux (an indicator of salt tolerance) and leaf glycine betaine and proline. These results indicate that hyperaccumulation of known major compatible solutes in barley does not appear to play a major role in salt-tolerance, but rather, may be a symptom of salt-susceptibility. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
Imène Ben Salah Héla Mahmoudi Margaret Gruber Tarek Slatni Mondher Boulaaba Mhemmed Gandour Dorsaf Messedi Karim Ben Hamed Riadh Ksouri Abdelali Hannoufa Chedly Abdelly 《Biologia》2011,66(5):813-820
The objective of this study was to determine more indepth physiological and antioxidant responses in two Medicago ciliaris lines (a salt-tolerant line TNC 1.8 and a salt-sensitive line TNC 11.9) with contrasting responses to 100 mM NaCl. Under salt stress, both lines showed a decrease in total biomass and in the growth rate for roots, but TNC 1.8 was less affected by salt than TNC 11.9 in that it maintained leaf growth even in the presence of added salt. In both lines, salt stress mainly affected micronutrient status (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) rather than K nutrition, but the tolerant line TNC 1.8 accumulated more Na in leaves and less in roots compared with TNC 11.9. Salt stress decreased total soluble sugars (TSS) in all organs of the sensitive line TNC 11.9, whereas TSS was only reduced in roots of the tolerant line. The salt-induced drop in growth was linked to an increase in lipid peroxidation in roots of both lines and in leaves of the sensitive line. The salt-tolerant line TNC 1.8 was more efficient at managing salt-induced oxidative damage in leaves and to a lesser extent in roots than the salt-sensitive line TNC 11.9, by preserving higher phenolic compound and superoxide dismutase levels in both organs. 相似文献
16.
To investigate factors determining the differences in their salt tolerance, growth and germination, experiments were conducted on two plant species belonging to genus Artemisia: Artemisia fukudo Makino, a biennial salt marsh plant and Artemisia stelleriana Bess, a perennial coastal hind dune plant. Growth experiments revealed that salinity (100 and 300 m
m NaCl) inhibited the relative growth rate (RGR) in A. stelleriana significantly but not in A. fukudo. These specific differences in salt tolerance were mainly attributed to differential responses of net assimilation rate (NAR). That is, the reduction in RGR in A. stelleriana was mainly due to the reduction in NAR, whereas no significant reduction in NAR was observed in A. fukudo. The reduction in RGR in A. stelleriana in the salt treatment was also attributable to a reduced leaf area ratio (LAR). Specific leaf area (SLA) in the two species decreased in the 300 m
m treatment. The decrease in SLA in A. fukudo was, however, compensated for partly by an increase in leaf weight ratio (LWR). Germination experiments also showed that A. fukudo has a higher salt tolerance than does A. stelleriana. These results are consistent with the differences in the salinity conditions between the native habitats of the two species. 相似文献
17.
18.
Direct effects and after-effects of soil drought for 7 and 14 d were examined on seedling dry matter, leaf water potential
(ψ), leaf injury index (LI), and chlorophyll (Chl) content of drought (D) resistant and sensitive triticale and maize genotypes.
D caused higher decrease in number of developed leaves and dry matter of shoots and roots in the sensitive genotypes than
in the resistant ones. Soil D caused lower decrease of ψ in the triticale than maize leaves. Influence of D on the Chl b content was considerably lower than on the Chl a content. In triticale the most harmful D impact was observed for physiologically younger leaves, in maize for the older ones.
A period of 7-d-long recovery was too short for a complete removal of an adverse influence of D. 相似文献
19.
20.
The protective effects of spermine (SPM) and putrescine (PUT) against paraquat (PQ), a herbicide in agriculture and oxidative
stress inducer, were investigated in the leaves of maize. Maize leaves were pretreated to SPM and PUT at concentrations of
0.2 and 1 mM and treated with PQ afterwards. Pretreatment with 1 mM of SPM and PUT significantly prevented the losses in chlorophyll
and carotenoid levels induced by PQ. Ascorbic acid content in the leaves pretreated with both polyamines was found to be higher
than those of the leaves pretreated with water. Also, pretreatment with SPM and PUT was determined to have some effects on
the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). 1 mM of SPM increased SOD activity, but PUT has no significant
effect on SOD activity. On the other hand, POD activity was recorded to increase slightly in response to both concentrations
of SPM and 1 mM of PUT. The results showed that such polyamine pretreated plants may become more tolerant to oxidative stress
due to increases in the antioxidative enzymes and antioxidants. 相似文献