柑橘细胞电融合参数选择及种间体细胞杂种植株再生

以“Ｐａｇｅ”橘柚（ＣｉｔｒｕｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａＢｌａｎｃｏ×Ｃ．ｐａｒａｄｉｓｉＭａｃｆ）胚性悬浮系原生质体和粗柠檬（Ｃ．ｊａｍｂｈｉｒｉＬｕｓｈ）叶肉原生质体为融合试材,摸索了适合柑橘的电融合参数。研究表明,在ＡＣ（交变电场）１２５Ｖ／ｃｍ、ＤＣ（直流脉冲）１２５０Ｖ／ｃｍ、ＡＣ作用时间６０ｓ、ＤＣ脉冲时间５０μｓ、ＤＣ脉冲个数为３、ＤＣ脉冲间隔为０．５ｓ时融合率较高,双核异核体率可以达到１５％以上。利用不同类型原生质体比重的不同,融合后通过控制离心时间,可以收集到更高比例的双核异核体。融合产物经培养,３～４个月再生小植株。染色体计数结合形态学观察表明,再生的１５０株小植株中７８％为四倍体,其余为二倍体叶肉亲本再生类型。再生植株经过氧化物酶同工酶及ＲＡＰＤ分析,表明得到了体细胞杂种,还证明获得了１株叶肉亲本同源四倍体再生类型。     

伏令夏橙与宁波金柑属间体细胞杂种变异研究

伏令夏橙（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｌ．）Ｏｓｂｅｃｋ）＋宁波金柑（ＦｏｒｔｕｎｅｌａｃｒａｓｉｆｏｌｉａＳｗｉｎｇｌｅ）属间体细胞杂种在田间生长６年,树势较弱,新梢经常枯死,树冠参差不齐。染色体检查发现,除了四倍体之外,还存在其它倍性的细胞,呈嵌合体状态。酯酶同工酶图谱上,多数单株出现一条双亲没有的新带。ＲＡＰＤ分析结果表明,部分植株丢失了亲本的标记带型,表现出遗传上的不稳定性     

柑橘抗寒育种早期鉴定的一种指标

以５个抗寒性不同的柑橘品种或杂交后代：“山金柑”（ＦｏｒｔｕｎｅｌａｈｉｎｄｓｉＳｗｉｎｇｌｅ）、“伏令夏橙”（ＣｉｔｒｕｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＯｓｂ．ｃｖ．Ｖａｌｅｎｃｉａ）、“伏令夏橙”＋“宁波金柑”（Ｃ．ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｃｖ．Ｖａｌｅｎｃｉａ＋Ｆ．ｃｒａｓｉｆｏｌｉａＳｗｉｎｇ．ｃｖ．Ｍｅｉｗａ）、“Ｐａｇｅ”橘柚（Ｃ．ｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａＢｌａｎｃｏ×Ｃ．ｇｒａｎｄｉｓＯｓｂ．ｃｖ．Ｐａｇｅ）、“Ｍｕｒｃｏｔ”橘橙（Ｃ．ｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａＢｌａｎｃｏ×Ｃ．ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＯｓｂ．ｃｖ．Ｍｕｒｃｏｔ）为材料,研究了低温锻炼期间柑橘原生质体抗寒性的变化及其田间植株的冬季抗寒性,表明离体原生质体抗寒性与田间植株抗寒性之间有显著的正相关,因而前者可以作为衡量后者的指标。     

柑桔种间体配融合及培养研究

“平户”文旦（柚）（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓｇｒａｎｄｉｓ）Ｏｓｂｅｃｋ的四分体经酶解,分离出原生质体。ＰＥＧ（聚乙二醇）诱导这类原生质体与二倍体“伏令夏”甜橙（Ｃ．ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）胚性悬浮细胞系的原生质体融合。融合后的原生质体培养于ＢＨ３／ＥＭＥ培养基中。２天后,观察到花粉管生长现象。不同处理的结果显示,这一现象来源于异核体细胞。这种具花粉管生长的细胞可进一步分裂,形成多细胞团及球形和心形胚状体。对再生的胚状体进行染色体数检查,证明１３．１％的胚状体为三倍体,２ｎ＝３ｘ＝２７。而起始悬浮细胞系为二倍体,检查的３９２个细胞,未发现有染色体倍性变异。     

柑桔原生质体辐射诱变筛选抗寒再生植株

用１１６１Ｃ／ｋｇ软Ｘ射线辐射“Ｐａｇｅ”桔柚（ＣｉｔｒｕｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａＢｌａｎｃｏ×Ｃ．ｇｒａｎｄｉｓＯｓｂ．ｃｖ．Ｐａｇｅ）胚性愈伤组织分离的原生质体,经－１１℃低温选择后,将存活的原生质体培养再生植株。研究表明,“Ｐａｇｅ”桔柚胚性愈伤组织原生质体在４１２８Ｃ／ｋｇ辐射剂量处理后几乎不能恢复分裂;２０６４Ｃ／ｋｇ辐射时分裂频率低,即使分裂也难以发育为胚状体;而１１６１Ｃ／ｋｇ辐射后,经－１１℃低温处理仍有１０２％～１６９％的分裂频率,且部分细胞团能发育为胚状体。辐射的原生质体培养成胚状体后,经低温筛选,在改良的生芽培养基和生根培养基中萌发成为植株。再生植株中检测出２株的叶片原生质体的低温半致死温度（ＬＴ５０）分别比对照低１．９６℃和１６８℃。     

普通小麦与钩刺山羊草杂交F1的农艺性状及细胞遗传学的观察

为有效地利用钩刺山羊草（Ａｅｇｉｌｏｐｓ ｔｒｉｕｎｃｉａｌｉｓ Ｌ．）的抗白粉病基因对小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．）进行遗传改良,了解两者杂交后杂种Ｆ１的遗传机制是十分必要的。对Ｆ１杂种的研究表明,二价体频率高于理论值,是分别存在于钩刺山羊草Ｃ和Ｕ基因组中的小麦５Ｂ染色体上Ｐｈ基因抑制因子联合作用的结果。以尾状山羊草（Ａｅｇｉｌｏｐｓ ｃａｕｄａｔａ Ｌ．）Ｃ基因组特异重复序列     

烟草属花粉—叶肉原生质体的融合及杂种植株再生

用饥饿预处理分离烟草（Ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａ ｔａｂａｃｕｍ Ｌ．）品系Ｎ３６４ Ｋｍ ＋ 二核早中期的花粉原生质体,用ＰＥＧ－高钙高ｐＨ 法诱导其与黄花烟草（Ｎ．ｒｕｓｔｉｃａ Ｌ．）叶肉原生质体融合。通过抗性筛选再生的４ 株小植株,经过氧化物酶同工酶、根尖染色体计数鉴定均为配子－体细胞三倍体杂种。未经筛选处理再生的２１株小植株,经鉴定有６ 株为配子－体细胞杂种。     

柑桔果实中柠檬苦素类化合物的研究现状与展望

柠檬苦素类似物（ｌｉｍｏｎｏｉｄ）是三萜类的植物次生代谢产物,主要存在于芸香科和楝科植物中。柠檬苦素（ｌｉｍｏｎｉｎ）及其类似物存在于柑桔属（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓ）的多种植物中。至今已从柑桔属植物中分离出３６种柠檬苦素类似物及１７种柠檬苦素类似物配糖体。柑桔中苦味原因之一为柠檬苦素类似物。作为其代表具有强烈苦味的柠檬苦素和诺米林如果在柑桔果汁中含量超过６ｍｇ／Ｌ,那么这种柑桔用于饮食业已不适合［１］。近年来,笔者对柑桔果实中的柠檬苦素类似物的生理变化及生物合成作过系统研究［１～９］,并提出将柠檬苦素类似…     

应用生态学报第6卷（1995）关键词索引

应用生态学报第６卷（１９９５）关键词索引ＫＥＹＷＯＲＤＩＮＤＥＸＣＨＩＮＥＳＥＪＯＵＲＮＡＬＯＦＡＰＰＬＩＥＤＥＣＯＬＯＧＹＶｏｌ．６（１９９５）,、Ａ＊——你小叽用橡树以’）：‘”Ａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｄｅｓ。ｄａｔｉｏｎ积累与降解必（’）...     

“坡壁效应”对减轻雪柑园降雪冻害的作用

“坡壁效应”对减轻雪柑园降雪冻害的作用张名福（福建省顺昌县农业局３５３２００）＂Ｓｌｏｐｅ－ｗａｌｌＥｆｆｅｃｔ＂ｉｎＤｉｍｉｎｉｓｈｉｎｇＳｎｏｗｆａｌｌＦｒｅｅｚｅＩｎｊｕｒｙｏｆＣｉｔｒｕｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ．ｓｅｋｋａｎ￥．ＺｈａｎｇＭｉｎｇｆｕ（ＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＢｕｒｅａｕ,ＳｈｕｎｃｈａｎｇＣｏｕｎｔｙ,ＦｕｊｉａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３．１２（３）：５７－５８．＂Ｓｌｏｐｅ－ｗａｌｌｅｆｆｅｃｔ＂ｈａｓａｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｄｉｍｉｎｉｓｈｉｎｇｓｎｏｗｆａｌｌｆｒｅｅｚｅｉｎｊｕｒｙｏｆＣｉｔｒｕｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ．ｓｅｋｋａｎｐｌａｎｔｅｄｏｎｔｅｒｒａｃｅｄｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｏｕｓｆｉｅｌｄｓｗｉｔｈａｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｅｄｅｇｒｅｅｏｆｓｌｏｐｅ－ｗａｌｌ．Ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｆｒｅｅｚｅｉｎｊｕｒｙｓｔａｒｔｓｔｏｂｅｄｉｍｉｎｉｓｈｅｄｏｎｆｉｅｌｄｓｗｉｔｈａ５３．８°ｏｆｓｌｏｐｅ－ｗａＩｌａｎｄｉｓｄｉｍｉｎｉｓｈｅｄｓｉｇｎｉｆｉ－ｃａｎｔｌｙｏｎｔｈｏｓｅｗｉｔｈａ８０     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.