响应面法优化青枯病生防菌Hrp~-菌株的发酵条件

对工程菌Hrp-菌株的摇瓶发酵条件进行优化。首先采用Plackett-Burman设计法对影响Hrp-菌株活菌量的6个因素进行评价,筛选出具有显著效应的2个因素(发酵温度和摇床转速),再用最陡爬坡试验法接近重要因子的最优水平,最后应用中心组合设计确定重要因子的最优水平。确定优化后的发酵条件:初始pH 8.75、装液量为100 mL(500 mL三角瓶)、接种量6.25%、接种龄10 h、温度20℃、摇瓶转速205 r/min。实验结果表明:采用优化后的发酵条件,Hrp-菌株的发酵液菌量由最初的3.30×1010个/mL提高至4.42×1010个/mL,增幅为133.9%。     

不同绿僵菌、白僵菌菌株对铜绿丽金龟幼虫的毒力生物测定

应用五株虫生真菌对铜绿丽金龟的幼虫的感染试验结果,将终浓度为1×107孢子/mL的孢悬液对铜绿丽金龟幼虫进行毒力测定。试验结果为:绿僵菌Ma09、Ma20,布氏白僵菌Bbr06、Bbr17,球孢白僵菌Bb202 15d的感染率分别为20.83%、14.58%、8.33%、95.83%、6.25%,其中布氏白僵菌Bbr17显示了较高的毒力,其LT50和LT95分别为10d、18d,该菌株对今后在花生蛴螬防治具有较大的应用价值。     

孢悬液浓度和宿主体型大小对球孢白僵菌对松墨天牛幼虫的致病力的影响

【目的】球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana是一种被广泛用于害虫生物防治的生防菌。本研究探讨了孢悬液浓度和宿主体型大小对球孢白僵菌对松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus 幼虫的致病力的影响,旨在为松墨天牛的生物防治提供科学基础。【方法】分别用0.5% 吐温-80(CK)以及1×10⁵, 1×10⁶, 1×10⁷, 1×10⁸和1×10⁹孢子/mL的球孢白僵菌孢悬液接种松墨天牛4龄幼虫,统计接种后15 d内幼虫死亡率和染菌率。同时用最佳浓度(1×10⁹孢子/mL)的球孢白僵菌孢悬液接种体型大小分别为100~150, 200~220, 300~320, 400~420, 500~520和600~650 mg/头的松墨天牛幼虫,测定接种后20 d内幼虫的死亡率和染菌率。【结果】接种1×10⁵~1×10⁹孢子/mL的球孢白僵菌后,松墨天牛4龄幼虫起初活动自如,后在头部出现烧灼状伤并且体色逐渐变红,最后周身长满菌丝。不同浓度下,随球孢白僵菌孢子浓度升高,松墨天牛4龄幼虫校正死亡率和校正染菌率增加。接种1×10⁶~1×10⁹孢子/mL球孢白僵菌孢悬液15 d的松墨天牛4龄幼虫累计校正死亡率均可达到100%,1×10⁷, 1×10⁸和1×10⁹孢子/mL浓度下,松墨天牛达到100%校正死亡率所需时间最少。接种0 (CK), 1×10⁵, 1×10⁶, 1×10⁷, 1×10⁸和1×10⁹孢子/mL球孢白僵菌孢悬液的松墨天牛4龄幼虫校正染菌率在第15天分别为0, 20.00%, 86.67%, 90.00%, 96.67%和100.00%,表现为白僵菌孢子浓度越高,染菌率越高。1×10⁹孢子/mL的接种浓度下,松墨天牛幼虫个体越大,天牛幼虫死亡率和染菌率越高。表现在第20天时,体型大小为100~150, 200~220, 300~320, 400~420, 500~520和600~650 mg/头的幼虫的死亡率分别为76.67%, 76.67%, 66.67%, 93.33%, 100.00%和100.00%,染菌率分别为60.00%, 63.33%, 60.00%, 86.67%, 96.67%和100.00%。【结论】球孢白僵菌悬浮液浓度对松墨天牛幼虫的死亡和侵染有显著影响,表现为随孢子浓度的增加而增加;同时,松墨天牛幼虫个体越大,死亡率和染菌率越高。研究结果对开展利用球孢白僵菌防治松墨天牛具重要借鉴和指导意义。     

一株寡营养细菌胞外多糖的摇瓶发酵研究

从新疆的寡营养环境——古尔班通古特沙漠中分离到一株寡营养细菌Azotobacter sp．(1～15mg碳/L培养基),通过进行Azotobacter sp．菌的单因子优化培养基的试验、摇瓶培养工艺条件的优化试验(培养温度、培养时间、初始pH值、溶氧量),确定了菌种生长与营养需求等主要因子与胞外多糖产量、粘度的关系,结果表明,摇瓶发酵的最适宜条件为:以蔗糖为碳源,碳酸钙含量为2g/L,初始pH值为7左右,种龄72～84h,磷酸二氢钾、硫酸镁的含量分别为0．3g/L、0．1g/L,接种体积分数15%,于37℃摇瓶培养72h,250mL摇瓶装液量为50mL,在适宜条件下粘多糖的产量最大可达到1145．94μg/mL,粘性可达9200 mPa·s。     

孢悬液浓度和宿主体型大小对球孢白僵菌对松墨天牛幼虫的致病力的影响

【目的】球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana是一种被广泛用于害虫生物防治的生防菌。本研究探讨了孢悬液浓度和宿主体型大小对球孢白僵菌对松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus幼虫的致病力的影响,旨在为松墨天牛的生物防治提供科学基础。【方法】分别用0.5%吐温-80(CK)以及1×10~5, 1×10~6, 1×10~7, 1×10~8和1×10~9孢子/mL的球孢白僵菌孢悬液接种松墨天牛4龄幼虫,统计接种后15 d内幼虫死亡率和染菌率。同时用最佳浓度(1×10~9孢子/mL)的球孢白僵菌孢悬液接种体型大小分别为100～150, 200～220, 300～320, 400～420, 500～520和600～650 mg/头的松墨天牛幼虫,测定接种后20 d内幼虫的死亡率和染菌率。【结果】接种1×10~5～1×10~9孢子/mL的球孢白僵菌后,松墨天牛4龄幼虫起初活动自如,后在头部出现烧灼状伤并且体色逐渐变红,最后周身长满菌丝。不同浓度下,随球孢白僵菌孢子浓度升高,松墨天牛4龄幼虫校正死亡率和校正染菌率增加。接种1×10~6～1×10~9孢子/mL球孢白僵菌孢悬液15 d的松墨天牛4龄幼虫累计校正死亡率均可达到100%,1×10~7, 1×10~8和1×10~9孢子/mL浓度下,松墨天牛达到100%校正死亡率所需时间最少。接种0 (CK), 1×10~5, 1×10~6, 1×10~7, 1×10~8和1×10~9孢子/mL球孢白僵菌孢悬液的松墨天牛4龄幼虫校正染菌率在第15天分别为0, 20.00%, 86.67%, 90.00%, 96.67%和100.00%,表现为白僵菌孢子浓度越高,染菌率越高。1×10~9孢子/mL的接种浓度下,松墨天牛幼虫个体越大,天牛幼虫死亡率和染菌率越高。表现在第20天时,体型大小为100～150, 200～220, 300～320, 400～420, 500～520和600～650 mg/头的幼虫的死亡率分别为76.67%, 76.67%, 66.67%, 93.33%, 100.00%和100.00%,染菌率分别为60.00%, 63.33%, 60.00%, 86.67%, 96.67%和100.00%。【结论】球孢白僵菌悬浮液浓度对松墨天牛幼虫的死亡和侵染有显著影响,表现为随孢子浓度的增加而增加;同时,松墨天牛幼虫个体越大,死亡率和染菌率越高。研究结果对开展利用球孢白僵菌防治松墨天牛具重要借鉴和指导意义。     

幽门螺杆菌液体培养工艺的研究

Hp的液体培养尤其是大规模培养仍存在许多问题,通过单因子试验统计分析。优化筛选了适于幽门螺杆菌的液体培养基和摇瓶培养条件。结果表明,在适宜的摇瓶培养条件下,Hp能够在添加β-环糊精（β-Cyclodextrin,β-CD）的布氏肉汤中很好地生长,菌体收获量达到0.6g/mL。     

星形孢菌素产生菌H41-38的发酵工艺条件

本研究对菌株H41-38发酵生产星形孢菌素的工艺进行了研究.结果表明:30℃、96h为菌株摇瓶培养最适条件.玉米淀粉和酵母粉为最适碳、氮源.采用Fractional factorial design方法确定培养基成分的重要因子:酵母粉和粗盐,然后利用爬坡路径试验和响应面分析法优化了发酵效价取得最大值时酵母粉和粗盐含量,发酵效价最大理论值为252.31μg/mL,摇瓶实测值为251.28μg/mL,其发酵水平比优化前提高了4.33倍.在30L发酵罐(300r/min、30℃、V空气=10L/min～15L/min)中扩大培养84h后发酵效价达到286.44μg/mL,比摇瓶培养效价提高了45.16μg/mL,其发酵参数变化曲线可指导生产罐的应用生产.     

高产类胡萝卜素酵母菌株LRY-01发酵条件的优化研究

通过单因子实验研究了不同碳源、氮源、生长因子及通气量对菌株LRY-01生产类胡萝卜素的影响。实验表明,碳源、氮源、生长因子对类胡萝卜素产量的影响较大。进一步对上述因子进行了L9(34)正交实验,得到了最佳培养基配方及发酵条件:葡萄糖40g/L,(NH4)2SO41.0g/L,核黄素0.5mL/L,酵母膏0.5g/L,初始pH 4.5,摇瓶装液量为10%。菌株LRY-01在此条件下摇瓶培养72h的生物量和类胡萝卜素的产量分别可达16.19g/L和1000.06μg/g。     

吸水链霉菌NND-52-C菌株产阿扎霉素B 发酵条件的优化

通过碳源、氮源的单因子实验和正交实验,确定了吸水链霉菌NND-52-C菌株产阿扎霉素B最佳的液体发酵培养基组分(%,质量分数)甘油4.5,玉米粉3,黄豆粉1,蛋白胨1,NaNO30.5,NaCl 0.2,CaCO3 0.3,MgSO4·7H2 O0.05,FeSO4 0.05,PH 7.5;阿扎霉素B最佳的发酵条件发酵前期温度30℃,起始pH 7.5;发酵后期温度28℃,pH6.8;接种量10%,装液量30 mL/250mL摇瓶,发酵时间5 d,最终阿扎霉素B的产量达到l 434 mg/L,比原配方以及原发酵条件提高了76%.     

蜡质芽孢杆菌AR156发酵培养基及发酵条件的优化

对前期筛选得到的在田间试验中防治根结线虫效果较好的蜡质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)AR156,通过单因素筛选及正交试验的方法进行了发酵培养基优化,得到的最佳配比为:麦芽糖0.25%,玉米粉0.5%,黄豆粉0.5%,胰蛋白胨0.5%,CaCl2·2H2O0.05%,MnSO4·H2O0.05%,K2HPO40.1%。同时对实验室摇瓶条件下液体发酵的主要影响因子温度、转速、初始pH值等进行实验探讨,确定了最佳培养条件:初始pH值7.0,装液量200mL/L,接种量5%,发酵温度28℃,转速200r/min,发酵时间48h。优化后芽孢产量为1.03×109CFU/mL,芽孢生成率在97%以上,明显高于初始发酵培养基发酵结果。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.