博斯腾湖鱼类资源组成、体长与体重关系及生长状况

博斯腾湖为西北高原地区湖泊,1958年开始商业化渔业生产,1962年开始鱼类引种工作,半个多世纪以来湖区鱼类资源组成处于不断的变动当中。本文围绕湖区鱼类群落组成动态、当前鱼类的体长与体重关系及种群生长状况开展研究,于2019年春季(4月)、夏季(8月)、秋季(10月),通过渔具采样和渔获物调查相结合的方法,在博斯腾湖共发现鱼类17种,隶属于4目8科,其中?(Hemiculter leucisculus)、池沼公鱼(Hypomesus olidus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)为优势种,鱼类资源结构小型化问题严重。描述了15种鱼类体长-体重关系与生长情况,其中12种鱼类为正异速生长,3种鱼类为负异速生长,优势鱼类的体长-体重关系式参数b值范围2. 95～3. 56,决定系数r2值范围0. 874～0. 997。本研究所得结果可为博斯腾湖鱼类资源保护与可持续利用提供基础资料和科学支撑。     

鄱阳湖乌鳢的年龄与生长

研究了鄱阳湖鸟鳢年龄结构与生长特征.其年轮特征为典型的疏密切割型,年轮形成时间主要在3～5月;渔获群体年龄由Ⅰ～Ⅵ龄组成,优势体长为35.5～48.8 cm,优势体重为630～1224 g:体长与鳞长关系式为:L=0.8124 10.119S(r=0.96),体长与体重关系式为:W=1.73×10-2L2.95(r=0.97),属均匀生长类型,可用Von Bertalanffy生长方程来描述其体长与体重生长规律.根据鄱阳湖乌鳢资源利用的现状,建议将捕获年龄提高到4 a,相应体长45～55 cm,体重2500～2200g.     

丹江口水库凶猛鱼集团生长特性组型的聚类分析

选择体重-体长关系W=aLb中的回归系数a和回归指数b;阶段生长参数的年增长、相对增长率、体长生长比速、生长常数、生长指标和体重的年增重、相对增重率、体重生长比速、年增积量;一般生长型的渐近体长、渐近体重、生长系数、起点年龄、拐点年龄、拐点体重、拐点瞬时增重率等18个反映鱼类生长特性的指标,运用系统聚类方法,将丹江口水库5种主要凶猛鱼组成的集团,从生长特性的差异上划分为大、中、小3个组型,并对划分结果的具体应用和鱼类集团划分的依据等问题进行了讨论。       

钱塘江几种经济鱼类的生长研究

年龄鉴定以鳞片为材料。测得鳞径和体长后,求出体长鳞长各种关系式。细鳞斜颌鲴、三角鲂体长鳞长关系式以幂函数式最佳,花鲢、鲤鱼以直线式最佳。它们的体长、体重关系均适于:W=aL~b。 鱼类生长拐点,是反映鱼类体重生长过程的一个特征值,一般与鱼类的生长指标跳跃性下降时的年龄和性成熟年龄一致或接近。但也有例外,有些鱼类生长拐点落在性成熟之后、前者如细鳞斜颈鲴、三角鲂;后者如鲤鱼、花鲢。 体长生长曲线是一条趋于L_∞的渐近线,随鱼的年龄增长,体长年增长速率渐少而趋于零。 Von.Bertalarffy生长方程中的主要生物学参数L_∞、W_∞虽在实际种群中少有,但确实存在,并有一定的渔业意义。     

白鱀豚饲养的研究

饲养池水使用自来水是切实可行的。水温在冬季不低于4℃,夏季不超过33℃。白暨豚以淡水鱼类为食,其日食量一般占体重的10—11%,炎夏减到8—9%,寒冬可增到12%。豢养四年的淇淇,其体长和体重增长的关系式为:y=-237.4 2.2x。饲养的关键有二:一是水质,经常洗池换水以保持水质清洁;二是食物,饲料鱼要挑选健康、新鲜,无污染的鱼类,喂前进行消毒,每天还要给以维生素类药品,以作营养补充。     

水丰水库的池沼公鱼生物学

本文报道了1942年横断鸭绿江而成的水丰水库的池沼公鱼生物学,内容包括性状变异、年龄和生长、食性、繁殖、群体结构、群体消长变化及渔业利用。水丰水库的池沼公鱼一龄体长(到尾叉的体长,后同)74毫米,体重3克;二龄体长99毫米,体重6．5克。体长体重关系式：logW=2．5306logL-1．7590。主要以浮游动物为食,但不同栖息地点食物组成有明显差异。一龄即达性成熟;性比为1♀：1．24σ^n;个体繁殖力905-19051粒,平均4330粒;个体繁殖力Y(百粒鱼卵)与体长L(厘米)的相关方程式为Y=58.4860L-402.7606;群体增殖速度(Vp)等于1494;4至5月在水库岸边产卵,卵粘性,水温10-15℃,约经12天孵出仔鱼。群体由1-3龄3个龄组组成,1321尾标本的平均年龄为1．15;65．1-80毫米体长组的个体为主要渔获对象,占整个渔获的65．5％。池沼公鱼是目前水丰水库第一位的经济鱼类,1982年鱼产量120万斤,占总鱼产的57．8％。     

白鲢的鳞长与体重及外部形态性状的关系

为了全面地了解鱼类鳞片在鱼类生长及鱼类学的研究中的作用,本文研究了白鲢的鳞片生长与体重及形态可量性状生长的关系。结果表明:白鲢的鳞长与体重、鳞长与24个形态可量性状都呈显著的相关关系,可以从鳞片材料上反映出白鲢体型的基本特征和生长情况。在每尾鱼体上,只要测得体长、全长及鳞长便可预测此尾鱼其它可量性状及体重的数值。这将给鱼类数量分类学及鱼体生长的研究提供简捷方便的途径。 本文还讨论了白鲢的长度与体重关系的表达式,建议应根据具体情况,对鱼体长度指标——全长与体长进行选用。     

长江上游圆筒吻鮈生长与食性

2010年7月-2012年7月逐月在长江上游宜宾至万州江段采集圆筒吻鮈(Rhinogobio cylindricus Günther)样本547尾,以耳石为主要年龄鉴定材料,对其年龄结构与生长特性进行了研究,并对肠道内含物进行了分析.结果表明:耳石优于其他年龄材料,鉴定成功率为93.7％;圆筒吻鮈样本由7个年龄组组成,其中以2～4龄为主(79.89％),体长(L)与体重(W)的关系式为W=8×10-6L2.977(r2=0.955,P＜O.01),体长(L)与耳石半径(R)关系式为L=8×10-4 R2.149(r2=0.945,P＜0.01);Von Bertalanffy生长方程表达式为Lt=389.37(1-e-0.177(t+0.739)),Wt =515.26(1-e-0.177(t+0.739))2.977;体重生长拐点年龄为ti =5.44龄;圆筒吻鮈全年摄食,主要食物为藻类、软体动物、水生昆虫等,从数量百分比看,藻类和软体动物居多(93.12％),从重量百分比看,藻类、软体动物、水生昆虫占主要(78.38％),为杂食性鱼类.与历史研究对比显示,圆筒吻鮈个体已出现小型化现象,但体重变化不大.对出现的过度捕捞状态,提出了合理的渔业资源保护建议.     

张氏(餐)的繁殖生物学特性

文章对赤水河河口段张氏(餐)的繁殖生物学进行了研究.结果表明:5-9月份为其繁殖期;最小性成熟个体为雌性体长77mm,体重5.3g;雄性体长108mm,体重9.4g,均为1龄;繁殖群体性比为1.07:1,由4个年龄组组成,其中2龄个体占绝对优势.性成熟系数3-7月份逐渐增大,然后持续减小,至12月降到全年最小值.卵径(0.75±0.14)mm呈单峰型,绝对繁殖力(11010±7723)粒,相对繁殖力(275.1±138.4)粒/g,每克卵巢卵粒数(3789±1389)粒.该种为单批产卵类型鱼类.绝对繁殖力随着鱼体体长、体重和年龄的增长而增大.     

泥鳅繁殖和生长的研究

泥鳅的性成熟年龄:雌体为1—2龄,雄体为1龄。其性腺发育和性细胞特征,与鲤科鱼类基本一致。泥鳅属分批产卵类型的鱼类。在天然水域中,4—10月生殖。在一定范围内,泥鳅的生殖力随体长、体重的增长而提高。体长增长以第1—2龄最快,体重年增重率以第2龄为最高。因此,泥鳅的人工养殖周期以两年为佳;收获个体规格宜在体长为11cm以上。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.