洱海周边拟环纹豹蛛和星豹蛛卵袋中寄生蜂种类及其寄主选择

结合野外调查及室内实验观察,对云南洱海周边地区的拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata(Boesenberg et Strand,1906)和星豹蛛Pardosa astrigera L.Koch,1878卵袋中寄生蜂种类及其寄主的选择性作了为期1年的调查研究.共发现了2种寄生蜂,即Idiolispa sp.和Idris sp.,两种寄生蜂均可不同程度地寄生在两种蜘蛛的卵袋里.Idiolispa sp.偏好寄生拟环纹豹蛛的卵袋,而Idris sp.则不具寄生偏好性,两种蜘蛛均是其适合的寄主.分析了Idiolispa sp.产生寄主选择偏好性的原因.     

中国南方几种熊蛛（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

记述了采自我国南方的6种熊蛛,其中有3种新种,定名为:湄潭熊蛛Arctosa meilatnensis sp.nov..指囊熊蛛A.millensa sp.nov.和泉熊蛛A.springiosa sp.nov.;另有3种为新记录:印熊蛛A.indicus Tikader et Malhotra.1980.库定熊蛛A.khudiensis Tikader et Malhotra,1980和韩熊蛛A.kwangreungensis Paik et Tanaka.1986.前1种新记录的雄性为单性新发现。     

中国皿蛛科二新种及二新纪录（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科）

本文记述产自浙江和福建两省的4种皿蛛,其中2种系新种,命名为浙江斑皿蛛Lepthyphantes zhejianensis sp.nov.和中华盖蛛Neriene sinensis sp.nov.;2种系国内新记录种,尤诺盖蛛Neriene yunohamensis Bosenberg et Strand和弱马罗蛛Maro sublestus Falconer。     

中国皿蛛科——新纪录属及天山前延首蛛的重描述（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科）

本文记述我国皿蛛科一新纪录属:前延首蛛届Archaraeoncus Tanasevitch 1987,并对天山前延首蛛A.tianshanicus(Hu et Wu,1989)n.comb.重新作了描述,本种的雌蛛系首次发现。本文还对Araeoncus tianschanica Hu et Wu 1989原学名命名的原始拚缀作了改正。文中测量数据均以mm为单位。     

湖北省盖蛛属二新种：蜘蛛目：皿蛛科

本文记述了采自湖北省神农架林区的盖蛛属Neriene二新种:鹰喙盖蛛 Neriene aquilirostralis,丽带盖蛛 Neriene calozonata。从外生殖器形态结构对新种与其近似种进行了比较。鹰喙盖蛛与人井盖蛛 N.oidedlcata Helsdingen近似;丽带盖蛛与饰斑盖蛛 N.compta Zhu et Sha 近似,但是,它们在外生殖器形态结构上存在显著差异,可以明确将其区分开。     

西藏栅蛛属一新种（蜘蛛目：栅蛛科）

本文记述蜘蛛目栅蛛科一新种——喜马拉亚栅蛛Hahnia himalayaensis sp. nov.。本新种与Hahnia pyriformis Yin et Wang和H. arizonica Chamberlin et Ivie相近似,但其额高,体躯背面斑纹以及外雌器和触肢器的构造与后两种有明显区别。     

3种园蛛幼蛛各龄形态比较

实验室恒温条件下,研究了园蛛属3种园蛛——角园蛛(Araneus cornutus),叶斑园蛛(A.sta),大腹园蛛(A.ventricosus)的各龄幼蛛。描述它们各自的形态特征;指出它们之间的形态差异。     

隙蛛属一种的新名(蜘蛛目:暗蛛科)

作者于 2 0 0 2年发表的暗蛛科隙蛛属 1新种 ,南岳隙蛛 Coelotes nanyuensis Tang et Yin,2 0 0 2 (蛛形学报 ) ,1 1 ( 1 ) :1 4- 1 6,figs.1 - 3)与彭贤锦教授等于 1 998年发表的 1新种共用同一种名 ( Coelotesnanyuensis Peng et Yin,1 998,Bull.Br.arachnol.Soc.,1 1 ( 1 ) :2 6- 2 8,figs.7- 9) ,此二者系异物同名。为此 ,作者现将前者更名为衡山隙蛛 Coelotes hengshanensis Tang et Yin,nom.nov.。     

中国舞蛛属三新种记述（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

记述我国舞蛛属Alopecosa3新种,即耳舞蛛A.aurita sp.nov.和纳帕海舞蛛A.nagpag sp.nov.。耳舞蛛A.autita近似于俄氏舞蛛（A.ermolaeji Savelieva,1972）,但本种外雌器中隔宽,其部3／5两侧的生殖板及端站2／5两侧角向中央隆起,而.remolaevi的中隔较窄,基部1／3两侧的生殖板向中央隆起,端部2／3两侧很大部分生殖板隆起.囿氏舞蛛A.hui近似于耳毛舞蛛A.auripilosa(Schenkel,1953 ),二者除在腹部背面班纹上有区别外,前者外雌器中隔大部前缘几科呈直线,触肢器中突脊状突起中央有一个三解形小突起,插入器较宽大;后者外雌器中隔膨大部前缘明显呈波状,触肢器中突脊状突起中央有一钙状小突起,插入器呈窄片状。纳帕海舞蛛A.nagpag雌蛛近似于针舞蛛A.spinata Yu et Song,1988,二者区别在于背甲斑纹、外雌器交配管形状等方面;雄蛛近似于A.alpicola(Simon,1876）,但该种触肢器中突上缘较直,触肢跗节端部粗短,而A.alpicola中突上缘明显呈波浪状,触肢跗节端部较尖长。新种模式标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

我国捕鸟蛛两种雄蛛的描述(蛛形纲,蜘蛛目)

中国捕鸟蛛科2)过去记述5种.除虎纹捕鸟蛛Ornithoctonus huwena外,其它4种均为单性描述.经补充采集,发现了广西近捕鸟蛛Plesiophrictus guangxiensis Yin et Tan,2000和海南捕鸟蛛Selenocosmia hainana Liang,Peng,Wang et Chen,1999的雄性个体.补充描述如下.标本保存在湖南师范大学生命科学学院,文中量度单位均为mm.     

中国球蛛科二新种：（蜘蛛目：球蛛科）

本文记述我国球蛛科二新种,既采自四川省青城山和峨嵋山的二齿丽蛛和安徽省屯溪市的隆首希蛛。     

温室希蛛染色体的观察(蜘蛛目:球蛛科)

报道了温室希蛛的染色体数目、形态结构和性染色体组成。从目前的结果可见,温室希蛛的染色体数目是:雄性体细胞染色体数为2n=22,雌性为2n=24。其性决定机制属于X_1X_2O型。所有染色体似乎均为端或亚端着丝粒染色体,这个结论被对其C-带标本的分析所证实。两个(对)X-染色体是最短的和次最短的,温室希蛛染色体C-带标本的分析没有观察到染色体间有明显的结构差异。在染色体G-带标本中,获得了稳定的带纹。     

Microstructure of the silk apparatus of the comb-footed spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum (Araneae: Theridiidae)

The microstructural organization of the silk‐spinning apparatus of the comb‐footed spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum, was observed by using a field emission scanning electron microscope. The silk glands of the spider were classified into six groups: ampullate, tubuliform, flagelliform, aggregate, aciniform and pyriform glands. Among these, three types of silk glands, the ampullate, pyriform and aciniform glands, occur only in female spiders. One (adult) or two (subadult) pairs of major ampullate glands send secretory ductules to the anterior spinnerets, and another pair of minor ampullate glands supply the median spinnerets. Three pairs of tubuliform glands in female spiders send secretory ductules to the median (one pair) and posterior (two pairs) spinnerets. Furthermore, one pair of flagelliform glands and two pairs of aggregate glands together supply the posterior spinnerets, and form a characteristic spinning structure known as a “triad” spigot. In male spiders, this combined apparatus of the flagelliform and the aggregate spigots for capture thread production is not apparent, instead only a non‐functional remnant of this triad spigot is present. In addition, the aciniform glands send ductules to the median (two pairs) and the posterior spinnerets (12–16 pairs), and the pyriform glands feed silk into the anterior spinnerets (90–100 pairs in females and 45–50 pairs in males).     

Immunocytochemical localization of GAD isoforms in the CNS ganglia of the cobweb spider,Achaearanea tepidariorum

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate to γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and CO₂. It has been discovered that the GAD has a restricted tissue distribution and it is highly expressed in the cytoplasm of GABAergic neurons in the CNS where GABA is used as a neurotransmitter. We have examined the microstructure of ganglionic neurons and nerves arising from the CNS and describe here the immunocytochemical localization of GAD isoforms to reveal the ecophysiological significance of GABA for the web‐building spider's behavior. In the CNS of the cobweb spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum, immunocytochemical localization of GAD isoforms can be detected in the neurons and neuropiles of the optic lobes. In addition, GAD‐like immunoreactive cell bodies are observed at the intrinsic cell bodies near the central body and the symmetric cell clusters of the protocerebrum. However, the fibrous masses within the protocerebral ganglion are not labeled at all. Based on its interconnection with other regions of the CNS, our findings suggest that the central body in the web‐building spider may act as an association center as well as a visual center.     

中国球蛛三新种和二新记录（蜘蛛目：球蛛科）

本文报道了蜘蛛目球蛛科3属3新种和1个中国新记录属2新记录种。新种为笠腹希蛛Achaearanea galeiforma sp.nov.,三斑丽蛛Chryssa trimaculata sp.nov.,奇异球蛛Theridion mirabilis sp.nov.。模式标本保存在河北教育学院生物系。     

Responses of an araneophagic assassin bug,Stenolemus bituberus,to spider draglines

Abstract 1. Animals, as they move through their environment, leave traces of their passage that can be informative to others and convey significant advantages to the animal producing them. However, such traces may also reveal presence, location or identity to enemies. 2. We studied an araneophagic (‘spider‐eating’) assassin bug, Stenolemus bituberus (Heteroptera, Reduviidae), testing whether it associated with areas containing chemotactile traces (e.g. draglines, excreta) left behind by nine sympatric spider species. Stenolemus bituberus were presented with a choice between a substrate containing draglines and a clean substrate. Each hour, for a duration of 12 h, we recorded which substrate was occupied. 3. Stenolemus bituberus tended to associate especially with draglines left by spiders from the genus Achaearanea, their most common prey in nature. 4. These results suggest that S. bituberus exploits draglines from these spiders as cues for indicating prey presence. We also found an increasing tendency to associate with draglines from some spider species through the day, which may be related to circadian patterns or slower response times of some individuals.     

Fine Structural Analysis of the Central Nervous System in the Spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum (Theridiidae: Araneae)

ABSTRACT Central nervous system (CNS) of arachnids is still mysterious and has a rich unexplored field compare to what is known in insects or crustaceans. The CNS of the spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum, consists of a dorsal brain or supraesophageal ganglion and circumesophageal connectives joining it to the subesophageal mass. As the segmentation of the arachnid brain is still under discussion, we classify the brain as a protocerebral and tritocerebral ganglion depending on the evidences which generally accepted. The subesophageal nerve mass underneath the brain is the foremost part of the ventral nerve cord. All of this nerve mass is totally fused together, and forming subesophageal ganglia in this spider. In the brain, the nerve cells are packed in the frontal, dorsal and lateral areas, but are not absent from the posterior and ventral regions. In addition, the nerve cells of the subesophageal and abdominal ganglia are only restricted to the ventral and ventolateral regions. The CNS of the spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum is similar in feature to the Family Araneidae.     

Structural analysis of theridiid spider's testicular cyst using 3D reconstruction rendering

A three dimensional reconstruction technique was used for the analysis of a theridiid spider's (Achaearanea tepidariorum) testicular cyst. Although microscopic techniques have greatly improved, most of the information gathered is still based on two‐dimensional images. Particularly in spiders, it is very difficult to count the exact number of sperm in a single cyst, since their spermatogenetic processes takes place within the spherical cysts through the flagellar coiling process. Since morphological features of spider sperm provide detailed information on the whole spermatogenetic processes, we analyzed the exact number of germ cells per cyst in A. tepidariorum through a three‐dimensional image reconstruction technique. For image processing, serially sectioned histological images were scanned using a light microscope and 3D rendering images were reconstructed from these sections. Based on the three dimensional image analysis of the testicular cyst, the number of secondary spermatocytes per cyst was calculated to be 32 (2⁵). Therefore the total number of sperm produced from a single cyst can be calculated as 64 (2⁶), which indicates that a single spermatogonium undergoes four mitotic divisions and an additional two meiotic divisions to produce mature spermatozoa.     

Patterns of variation in female-biased colony sex ratios in a social spider

Colonies of a social spider Achaearanea wau (Theridiidae) from Papua, New Guinea have adult and juvenile sex ratios that are biased towards females, and this probably represents a primary bias at the egg stage. Adult sex ratios are less female-biased than are juvenile sex ratios, and both vary significantly among colonies. Adult sex ratios covary with colony size: small colonies have a larger proportion of males than large ones. The pattern of variation in adult sex ratio may be due to greater mortality of females than of males during maturation. Juvenile sex ratios do not covary with colony size, nor do they differ among populations. Colony size, however, does have a significant effect on survival and dispersal in colonies. I conclude, therefore, that a conditional sex ratio strategy, in which the primary sex ratio of the colony is adjusted to changing demographic patterns, does not occur in A. wau. I suggest that environmental heterogeneity acting on individual reproductive output may be responsible for the observed variation among colonies in juvenile sex ratios.