四川省菌蚊一新种记述：双翅目：菌蚊科

本文记述采自四川省真菌蚊属Ｍｙｃｏｍｙａｌ新种,青城真菌蚊,Ｍｙｃｏｍｙａｑｉｎｇｃｈｅｎｇａｎａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

河南白云山菌蚊四新种：双翅目：菌蚊科

本文报道了河南嵩县白云山菌蚊４新种；黑腹菌蚊Ｍｙｃｅｔｏｐｈｉｌａ ｏｒａｔｏｒｉｌａ ｓｐ．ｎ．ｖ，申氏菌蚊Ｍｙｃｅｔｏｐｈｉｌａ ｓｈｅｎｉ ｓｐ．ｎ，林栖菌蚊Ｍｙｃｅｔｏｐｈｉｌａ ｓｙｌｖａｔｉｃａ ｓｐ．ｎ。，白云埃菌蚊Ｅｐｉｃｙｐｔａ ｂａｉｙｕｎｓｈａｎａ ｓｐ．ｎ．及１中国新记录种；黑缝埃菌蚊Ｅｐｉｃｙｐｔａ ｆｕｍｉｇａｔａ Ｄｚｉｅｄｚｉｃｋｉ，模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫博     

中国罗夫菌蚊物种群（Mycetophilaruficollisgroup）研究：双翅目：菌蚊科

罗夫菌蚊物种群（Ｍｙｃｅｔｏｐｈｉｌａｒｕｆｉｃｏｌｉｓ－ｇｒｏｕｐ）全世界已知３０余种,其中全北区有１２种,东洋区种类未作系统研究。中国记载过２种。本研究对中国的罗夫菌蚊物种群作了系统研究整理,发现了６新种（角突菌蚊Ｍｙｃｅｔｏｐｈｉｌａａｎｇｕｌａｒｉｓａ、弯尾菌蚊Ｍ．ｃｕｒｖｉｃａｕｄａｔａ、粗壮菌蚊Ｍ．ｆｏｒｔｉｓａ、深色菌蚊Ｍ．ｆｕｒｖｕｓａ、查氏菌蚊Ｍ．ｃｈａｎｄｌｅｒｉ、南方菌蚊Ｍ．ｍｅｒｉｄｉｏｎａｌｉｓａ）和２中国新记录种,并编制了中国已知种类的检索表。至此我国该物种群共有１０种。新种模式标本分别保存在浙江林学院和中国农业大学昆虫标本馆     

中国短菌蚊属一新种记述（双翅目：菌蚊科）

雄翅长2．4－2．7mm。本种与分布于美国的Brevicornu affinis Zaitzev ,1988近似，但后者的胫节毛序不同，生殖基节后中央的构造也明显不同，可以区别。     

中国伊菌蚊属五新种记棕（双翅目：菌蚊科）

报道了中国伊菌蚊属5新种和1新纪录种,绘制了雄性外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存在浙江林学院昆虫标本室。该属为中国新纪录属。缺凹伊菌坟,新种Exechia accisa sp.nov.（图1－2） 雄翅长2.3mm。新种与广布于欧洲的E.maculipennis(Stannius,1831）相似,但后者的尾须和生殖刺腹突的构造明显不同,正模♂,甘肃宕昌,1980－08－11,杨昆采。长白伊菌蚊,新种Exechia changbaiensis sp.nov.（图3－4）雄翅长3.2mm。新种与欧洲广布的E.cincta Winnertz,1863相近似,但后者的生殖刺突构造不同。正模♂,吉林长白山岳桦林,1985－08－24,杨集昆采。国后伊菌蚊Exechia kunashirensis Zaitzev,1996中国新记录。标本记录：1♂,山西文水关帝山,1981－08－02,杨集昆采;1♂,贵州贵阳贵州省林业科学研究所,1987－08－29,杨集昆采。分布：山西,贵州;千岛群岛。黑色伊菌蚊,。新种Exechia melasa sp.nov.(图5－6）雄翅长2.6mm。新种与广布于欧洲的E.pseudocincat Strobl,1910相似,但后翥 的生殖刺突末端无黑褐色粗具,正模♂,浙江德清莫干山,1992－04－18,吴鸿采。四枝伊菌蚊,新种Exechia quadriclema sp.nov.（图7－9）雄翅长1.9-2.5mm。新种与分布于加那利群岛的E.fulva Santos Abreu,1920相似,但后者个体较大（翅长2.9mm以上）,触角鞭节长为宽的1.5倍,生殖刺突各分支末端无粗黑鬃或刺。正模♂,浙江开化古田山,1992－07－17,陈学新采。副模5♂♂：4♂♂,浙江开化古田山,1992－07－17－25,吴鸿采;1♂,浙江庆元百山祖,1993－10－23,吴鸿采。薄片伊菌蚊,新种Exechia tomosa sp.nov.（图10－11）雄翅长3.9mm。新种与分布于美国的E.pollex Shaw,1935相似,但后者的生殖刺背突端部渐尖,末端双尖形,正模♂,浙江安吉龙王山,1996－05－13,吴鸿采。     

中国伊菌蚊属五新种记述(双翅目：菌蚊科)

报道了中国伊菌蚊属5新种和1新纪录种,绘制了雄性外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存在浙江林学院昆虫标本室。该属为中国新纪录属。 缺凹伊菌蚊,新种Exechia accisa sp. nov.　(图1～2) 　　雄　翅长2.3?mm。新种与广布于欧洲的E. maculipennis (Stannius, 1831)相似,但后者的尾须和生殖刺腹突的构造明显不同。正模♂,甘肃宕昌,1980-08-11, 杨集昆采。 长白伊菌蚊,新种Exechia changbaiensis sp. nov.　(图3～4) 　　雄　翅长3.2?mm。新种与欧洲广布的E.cincta Winnertz, 1863相近似,但后者的生殖刺突构造不同。正模♂,吉林长白山岳桦林,1985-08-24,杨集昆采。 国后伊菌蚊Exechia kunashirensis Zaitzev, 1996 　　中国新纪录。 　　标本记录：1♂,山西文水关帝山,1981-08-02,杨集昆采;1♂,贵州贵阳贵州省林业科学研究所,1987-08-29,杨集昆采。分布：山西,贵州;千岛群岛。 黑色伊菌蚊,新种Exechia melasa sp. nov.　(图5～6) 　　雄　翅长2.6?mm。新种与广布于欧洲的E.pseudocincta Strobl, 1910相似,但后者的生殖刺突末端无黑褐色粗齿。正模♂,浙江德清莫干山,1992-04-18,吴鸿采。 四枝伊菌蚊,新种Exechia quadriclema sp. nov.　(图7～9) 　　雄　翅长1.9～2.5?mm。新种与分布于加那利群岛的E.fulva Santos Abreu, 1920 相似,但后者个体较大(翅长2.9?mm以上),触角鞭节长为宽的1.5倍,生殖刺突各分支末端无粗黑鬃或刺。正模♂,浙江开化古田山,1992-07-17, 陈学新采。副模5♂♂：4♂♂, 浙江开化古田山,1992-07-17～25,吴鸿采; 1♂,浙江庆元百山祖,1993-10-23, 吴鸿采。 薄片伊菌蚊,新种Exechia tomosa sp. nov.　(图10～11) 　　雄　翅长3.9?mm。新种与分布于美国的E. pollex Shaw, 1935相似,但后者的生殖刺背突端部渐尖,末端双尖形。正模♂,浙江安吉龙王山,1996-05-13,吴鸿采。     

中国心菌蚊属研究(双翅目:菌蚊科)

心菌蚊属Ｃｏｒｄｙｌａ Ｍｅｉｇｅｎ生活于肉质真菌Ｒｕｓｓｕｌａ属及地下真菌Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｏｇｏｎ属,主要取食菌柄基部,形成小而致密的白丝茧,在地下化蛹。仅分布于全北区,已知欧洲２０种,新北区１０种。本文报道中国心菌蚊属１新种和１新纪录种,模式标本保存于浙江林学院昆虫标本室。本属为中国新纪录属。北方心菌蚊,新种Ｃｏｒｄｙｌａ ｂｏｒｅａｌｉｓａ Ｗｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．（图１～３）雄翅长２．９～３．６ｍ     

山西真菌蚊属二新种记述：双翅目：菌蚊科

山西真菌蚊属二新种记述（双翅目：菌蚊科）吴鸿,杨集昆浙江林学院林学系,浙江省临安县３１１３００北京农业大学植物保护系,北京市１０００９４关键词双翅目,菌蚊科,真菌蚊属,新种,中国本文描述了采自中国山西省的菌蚊科真菌蚊属２新种,模式标本保存于北京农业大...     

浙江龙王山滑菌蚊三新种 (双翅目：菌蚊科)

 报道浙江省龙王山自然保护区滑菌蚊属Leia三新种： 针尾滑菌蚊L.aculeolusa sp.nov.,长尾滑菌蚊L.ampulliforma sp.nov.和龙王山 滑菌蚊L.longwangshana sp.nov.。模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.